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Transcript of PROC SQL – Select Codes To Master For Power Programming Codes and Examples from SAS.com Nethra...
![Page 1: PROC SQL – Select Codes To Master For Power Programming Codes and Examples from SAS.com Nethra Sambamoorthi, PhD Northwestern University Master of Science.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9d5503460f94a85fe5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PROC SQL – Select Codes To Master For Power Programming
Codes and Examples from SAS.com
Nethra Sambamoorthi, PhDNorthwestern University
Master of Science in Predictive Analytics Program
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Data Processing Terminologies Across Data Sciences…
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Why PROC SQL or What Can It Do For Analysts?• Generate reports• Generate summary statistics• Retrieve data from tables or views• Combine data from tables or views• Create tables, views, and indexes• Update the data values in PROC SQL tables• Update and retrieve data from database management system (DBMS) tables• Modify a PROC SQL table by adding, modifying, or dropping columns• PROC SQL can be used in an interactive SAS session or within batch programs,
and it• Can include global statements, such as TITLE and OPTIONS.
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An Example of Extracting, Summarizing, and Printing Using Data Steptitle 'Large Countries Grouped by Continent';proc summary data=sql.countries;where Population > 1000000;class Continent;var Population;output out=sumPop sum=TotPop; run;
proc sort data=SumPop;by totPop; run;
proc print data=SumPop noobs;var Continent TotPop;format TotPop comma15.;where _type_=1; run;
/* Extracting and summarizing */
/* Sorting to arrange the output */
/* Printing */
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Creating The Same Using PROC SQL
proc sql;
title 'Population of Large Countries Grouped by Continent';
select Continent, sum(Population) as TotPop format=comma15.
from sql.countries
where Population gt 1000000
group by Continent
order by TotPop;
quit;
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Countries Table
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WordCityCoords Table
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USCityCoords Table
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UnitedStates Table
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PostalCodes Table
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Worldtemps Table
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Oilprod Table
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OILRSRVS Table
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CONTINENTS Table
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FEATURES Table
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SELECT statement
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Three Important Aspects – Describe, Print, Quit/* Helps understand the structure of the table */PROC SQL;Describe table sql.unitedstates; Quit;
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SELECT means PRINTING is Included Unless• SELECT * /* all columns */
• SELECT city, state /* specific columns */
• SELECT distinct continent /* specific columns but avoid dup */
So it is possible to run this
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The output is…
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Suppress column headings…
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Calculated columns and alias name…
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Retrieving Data From Multiple Tables
• Means we are JOINING tables• If there is no JOIN statement, it means (1) Cartesian product of
records [no subset condition ] or (2) inner joins [ we need some subset condition]• Alias names can be used for tables too; it helps simplify calling specific
columns of a table
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SELECT … FROM table1, table2; A Cartesian Product
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Order the output from INNER JOIN
INNER JOIN can be used explicitly
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INNER JOIN with comparison values on another column…
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Effect of Null Values on JOINS
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NOT MISSING option
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Multicolumn JOINS
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Columns are directly comparable between two tables…
Capitals FROM sql.unitedstates
City FROM sql.uscitycoord
Postalcodes FROM sql.postalcodes
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Is it possible to do SELFJOIN?
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Two Types of OUTERJOIN – LEFTJOIN and RIGHTJOIN
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FULLJOIN …
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SPECIALTY JOINS
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NATURAL is applicable for both LEFT and RIGHT JOIN. The purpose is to reduce verbose to match on multiple common columns…
Gives the same output;
Non matching rows have missing values
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Use COALESCE to combine multiple columns to create new matching variables
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Using SUB QUERY or NESTED QUERY – SINGLE VALUE
=
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Correlated SUBQUERY = NESTED QUERY
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Where “EXISTS” option
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Multiple NESTED QUERY
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Combine a JOIN with a SUBQUERY
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QUERY strategies…
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UNION is ROWWISE (PROC APPEND), while JOIN is COLUMNWISE (MERGE by)
Keep the dups
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OUTER UNION = KEEP ONLY FROM – Key word EXCEPT
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To overlay data better: keyword CORRESPONDING
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