Problems with articles
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Problems with Articles
a/an, the
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Usually there is no article before the name of a place name,
BUT use “the” before the name of a place that is plural.
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I lived in Japan.
BUT
He lived in the United States.
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The hurricane formed over Jamaica,
BUT
Katrina formed over the Bahamas.
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But none of the “rules” work completely!
Katrina hit New Orleans.
(English speakers don’t follow the rule because they don’t even know
that New Orleans is plural—it is from French.)
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However, usually a plural place name has “the.”
Recently, a terrible storm hit the Philippines.
He is from the Netherlands = He is from Holland.
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We live in the United States.
Tatiana is from Russia.
She is from the former Soviet Union.
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At first, Katrina was a Category 1 hurricane.
No article with Katrina because is is a singular name. We give
hurricanes the names of people.
This is the first time I’ve mentioned the storm category, so I use “a.”
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Katrina was one of the largest disasters in U.S. history because of the failure of the levee systems.
I’m not talking about failure in general. I’m talking about a specific event –the fact that the levees broke and caused
flooding.
We often use “the” for a specific noun that you are picturing in your head when you say it.
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There was great criticism of the way the government handled the crisis.
I’m talking about a specific way and a specific crisis.
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DEVASTATING EARTHQUAKE IN HAITI
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O n the afternoon of Jan. 12, 2010,
I’m talking about a specific afternoon. HOWEVER, don’t an article with an
actual date:On Jan. 12, 2010,
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The country of Haiti was struck
“The” is for a specific country, BUTDon’t use it with the country name:
Haiti was struck
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by a devastating earthquake.
I use “a” because it’s the first time I have mentioned it.
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that measured 7.0 on the Richter Scale.
I am describing a specific kind of scale.
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The epicenter of the quake
Now I am continuing to talk about an earthquake that I have
already mentioned, so I use “the.”
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was near Leogane, a town approximately 16 miles west of
Port-au-Prince, the country’s capital.
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We use “a” when we define things or explain the location of things:
Leogan is a town in Haiti.Laney is a community college in Oakland.
A hurricane is a very powerful wind storm.
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According to the Haitian government
I am telling you which government
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at least 230,000 were killed, 300,000 injured, and 1,000,000 left homeless. There was extremely
severe damage.
NO ARTICLENever use “a/an” with a non-noun noun because
a = one.
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Would you like a cup of tea?
Would you like (some/any) tea?
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However, you can use “the” with a non-count noun:
The meat we had for dinner was spoiled, so we all go sick.
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Permafrost
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2. into the atmosphere (= the atmosphere that is
around the Earth)
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3. A research team– it’s the first time I have mentioned this
research team, and we don’t know anything about them yet.
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4. A research team led by the GeoBiosphere Science Center
(The name identifies the specific center I am talking about.)
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5. Research shows that part of the soil
No article with expressions like some of, most of, part of
But we say a few of, a lot of
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BE CAREFUL! “few” and “a few” have different
meanings. “Quite a few” is a third meaning!
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BE CAREFUL! “few” and “a few” have
different opposite connotations.
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“a few” is positive—
I have read a few books about the subject. This emphasizes that I have read something.
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“few” is negative—
I have read few books about the subject. This emphasizes
that I have not read very many.
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The same thing happens with “little” and “a little.”
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He has little money = He doesn’t have much money. He is poor
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He has a little money = He has some money. He can buy
something.
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“quite a few” = a lot
They have quite a few children = a lot of children. (In the U.S.,
that means four or more.)
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connotation = a feeling about a word
She’s fat.She’s heavy. (more positive connotation)
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OR
5. Research shows that the part of the soil
Later in the sentence, you see what part of the soil you are talking point.
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6. part of the soil The soil that we have been talking about.
Soil is non-count, so never use “a.”
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7. the team announced (the team that we previously
mentioned)
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8. is more damaging to the atmosphere
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9. than carbon dioxide (usually no article with non-count
substances like air, gas, water, etc.
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10. in discussion(In this sentence, discussion is non-count,
so you cannot use a.)
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Plastic Pollution: Answer Key
10. The 11. a 12. no article 13. an 14. the 15. the 16.
The 17. the18. no article
19. the 20. the 21. no article22. the 23. the
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Plastic Pollution: Answer Key
13. an environmental hazard
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Problem with using an instead of a.
The rule is that a changes to and before a vowel SOUND—it goes by the letter and
not by the sound.
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an umbrellaan unhappy face
an interesting storyan awful time
BUT
a useful tool
an honest man
Use an before a vowel SOUND.