Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 1 psl

Problems of limited orbital resources

and

ITU regulations for satellite services

Space Economy in the Multipolar World - SEMW2010October 6-8, 2010

VILNIUS, LITHUANIA

Mindaugas SRUOGIUSDeputy Head of Satellite and Fixed Services Division

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

Problems in Space ?

2 psl

Tough rivalry for the Place

in the SKY

On the Earth…

... in the Space.

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 3 psl

Content Definition of Orbital Spectrum Resources (OSR)

Problems of limited OSR

Frequency domain

Orbits

GSO occupation

Satellite separation, coordination arc, coverage area

New frequencies / new LTU allotment in FSS plan

Other factors

Main principals governing OSR

ITU-R structure and role

ITU regulations for satellite networks

Coordination

Plans

Cost recovery for filing

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

0.00

-3.00

4 psl

Orbital Spectrum Resources

Orbital Spectrum Resources could be defined as a set of frequencies,

orbital position or orbital parameters for NGSO – LEO, MEO, HEO

and service area.

Other specific technical characteristics may include Satellite/Earth

station antenna parameters,C/I, C/N, PFD, EIRP...

Service area - Lithuania

Position - 9W

Frequency -14/12GHz

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 5 psl

Problems – limited frequencies

Inter-service and intra-service compatibility

Space services vs terrestrial services

Different status

BSS

FSS

MSS

AMSS

LMSS

MMSS

RNSS

RDSS

RLSS

SRS

EESS

ISS

SOS

RA

MetSS

ASS

Radio waves do not stop at national borders !

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 6 psl

Problems – only one GSO orbit

Some compatibility difficulties in LEO, MEO or HEO

Biggest problems - GSO (unique orbit, especially for Satcom)

GSO

length

265000 km

LEO

MEO

HEO

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

Problems - GSO real occupation

7 psl

Known objects ~ 1120 (Environmental issues - Rec S.1003)

More than 400 operating satellites

Plans: to place more than 200 satellites till 2018 (20 sat/year)

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

Europe

NorthAmerica

Problems - GSO occupation

8 psl

“Paper”/“virtual”

satellites !

Biggest concentration

over America and

Europe

MIFR included around 450 single GSO positions whereas most real time

tracking databases with public information indicated around 380 GSO

networks in operation

There are no match

between MIFR and

real satellites.

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 9 psl

Problems – satellite separation

Orbital arc 7°E-33°E (Standard unplanned Ku) : at least one satellite

each three degrees or less, having wide European coverage

Station keeping

tolerance ± 0,1°

(0,1° ~ 75 km)

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 10 psl

Problems – coverage vs service area

Service area - agreed protection provided

Coverage area- permits wanted quality in

absence of interference

Beam area- half power beam

- Steerable beams !!!

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

Coordination problems

11 psl

Coordination of adjacent

orbital positions:

Network No.1 – 23,2E

Network No.2 – 23,5E

Over 70% of satellite

networks recorded in MIFR

are with missing

coordination agreements

However reported interference cases almost non existent ! …

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 12 psl

Problems – coordination arc

The new satellite network in the

13.75-14.5 GHz frequency band

would have to coordinate with

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

Number of administrations to coordinate with

Longitude (°E)

Num

be

r o

f a

dm

inis

tration

s

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Number of orbital positions to coordinate with

Longitude (°E)

Nu

mb

er

of

orb

ita

l p

ositio

ns

±9°

±4°

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Number of satellite networks to coordinate with

Longitude (°E)

Num

be

r o

f sa

telli

te n

etw

ork

s

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 13 psl

Problems (New/higher frequencies)

22 GHz band (600 MHz) for HDTV (3D/UHDTV)

– The decision on the usage of band (planing,

coordination) will be taken in the WRC-12

Currently: 12–MIFR, 22-notification, 229-coordination,

664-advanced publication

– 524 unique orbital positions identified (Region 1 and 3)

– Big diversity of system parameters

Practically even now no place for newcomers !

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 14 psl

Problems - new LTU allotment in FSS Plan

Compatibility examination in Appendix 30B

o 10 test points with minimum 10 degree elevation angle

o GSO service arc – from 29,37W to 76,31E

o Calculation interval - 0,1

NO “CLEAR” positions were found

Only two positions were proposed:

- 9,30W (requires accept degradation of C/I)

- 28,80W (requires coordination)

visible

GSO

arc29,37W 28,80W

9,30W23,47E

76,31

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 15 psl

Problems – other factors

Economical considerations: position development, satellite life time – 15 years

Geographical considerations: Service area–Lithuania, Earth station elevation

angle – 10, Satellite geocentric separation: 2-3; GSO service arc - 100,

Orbital positions/networks: 30-50

Satellite antenna beam width vs number of satellite networks

Inhomogeneous systems parameter

Not clear definition of “bringing into use” :

• Operation of a satellite at the nominal orbital location but with characteristics different to

those notified;

• Operation at the nominal orbital location for periods of days or even hours before

relocation to another orbital location;

• Transitory operation at the nominal location while the satellite is drifting from one orbital

location to another;

• Using a single satellite to bring into use multiple assignments at different orbital

locations

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 16 psl

Main principals governing OSR

Article 44 ITU Constitution & No. 0.3 Preamble RR

... radio frequencies and any associated orbits, including the

geostationary-satellite orbit (GSO) are limited natural resources...

... their use should be rational, efficient and economical

... that countries may have equitable access, to those orbits and

frequencies, taking in to account the special needs of the developing

countries and the geographical situation of particular countries.

Main purpose of RR :

Interference-free operation of Radiocommunications

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 17 psl

ITU-R structure and role

Country A Country B

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 18 psl

ITU regulations of satellite networks

Main OSR access methods:

- Coordination (First come, first served);

effective use of spectrum,

flexible technical characteristics,

new technological decisions,

difficult and time consuming process.

- Planning (BSS and FSS);

equitable access to all countries,

long-term international protection (supervision is required !),

technical limitations apply.

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

Coordination of satellite networks

19 psl

Through

ITU-R BR

Between

countries

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

Coordination procedure

20 psl

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

Coordination forms

21 psl

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

RR 22.2 § 2 1) Non-GSO satellite systems shall not cause

unacceptable interference to and, unless otherwise specified in these

Regulations, shall not claim protection from GSO satellite networks …

RR Article 9 contains (almost) all cases (forms) of coordination for Non-

GSO satellite networks:

9.7A and 9.7B Non-GSO (FSS) vs ES (GSO (FSS))

9.12 Non-GSO vs Non-GSO

9.12A, 9.13 Non-GSO vs GSO

9.15, 9.16 ES (Non-GSO) vs Terr. stations

Conditions, Thresholds and Methods given in Tables 5-1

and 5-2 differ according to the specific cases (forms)

of coordination (GSO ↔ Non-GSO, Non-GSO ↔ Non-GSO,

Non-GSO → terrestrial stations)

Coordination of Non-GSO networks (I)

22 psl

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010

Different sharing scenarios:

… system using non-GSO orbits shall be operated

such that the minimum elevation angle over the

service area is not less than 55°…

… mask of power flux-density values at the Earth’s

surface produced by emissions from a non-GSO space station shall

be…

… that systems using non-GSO satellites shall be limited to national

services …

… that for multiple-beam non-GSO satellite antennas in the FSS having

either circular or elliptical beams, the following radiation patterns

should be used…

… that when considering the design of non-GSO FSS systems the

definition for epfdup or epfdis (equivalent pfd) should be…

Coordination of Non-GSO networks (II)

23 psl

Extremely sophisticated environment and interference calculations !

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 24 psl

BSS plan

Established 1977 m.

Amended 1997 ir 2000 m.

223 Downlinks

301 Feederlinks

10 channels x 27 MHz

List (additional use) – 43

networks

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 25 psl

FSS Plan

Established in 1988

Modified in 2007

Main parameters:

• Orbital position

• 2 x 800 MHz (DL ir UL)

• National coverage

Possibility implement additional systems (national allotment always protected).

Implementation–not later than 8 years, not earlier than 2 years.

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 26 psl

Cost recovery for filing

CoordinationPlans

Notification

One network per country per

year is FREE !

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 27 psl

In summary …

• Already congested GSO

• Cumbersome access to OSR

• Dynamic and ever changing environment

• Very complicated satcom networks coordination

procedures

• More countries take part in satcom activities -

more complicated access to new comers

• Elaboration of satcom regulatory mechanism

requires respect of different countries/interests

Mindaugas Sruogius October 7, 2010Space Economy in the Multipolar World – SEMW2010 28 psl

Every country may find its way in the “Space jungles”

Communications Regulatory Authority of the Republic of Lithuania

Algirdo 27 LT-03219 Vilnius; tel. (8 5) 210 5633;e-mail: rrt@rrt.lt

Thank you !