PROBLEMATIZINGPROBLEMATIZING THE API MODEL MINORITY …

OVERLOOKED AND UNDERSERVED:OVERLOOKED AND UNDERSERVED:OVERLOOKED AND UNDERSERVED:OVERLOOKED AND UNDERSERVED:PROBLEMATIZINGPROBLEMATIZING THE API MODEL MINORITY MYTHTHE API MODEL MINORITY MYTH

Facing the Facts about Asians and Pacific Islanders in Alameda Countyy

BBU Sponsored by:The Community Assessment, Planning, and Education/Evaluation (CAPE) Unit & Maternal, Paternal, Child and Adolescent Health (MPCAH) ProgramChild, and Adolescent Health (MPCAH) Program

Brown Bag University - May 20, 2014

Acknowledgements

Over 18 million APIs living in the US Rich Cultural Diversity of APIs Rich Cultural Diversity of APIs

Over 50 ethnic groups and 100 languages

API History API History Bitter hardships and proud accomplishments

API Contributions To the civil, cultural and economic fabric

API Struggles Against ongoing discrimination and inequities in

education, employment, housing, healthcare, and more

API Service Providers and Advocates

Our Vision of Health Equity

Everyone in Alameda County –no matter where you live,

how much money you make, or the color of your skin –has opportunities to lead

a healthy, fulfilling, and productive life.

API “Model Minority” Myth

Th MYTH th t ll A i A i d P ifi I l d The MYTH that all Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Are healthy, wealthy, and highly educated

F f b i d h l h i i Face few barriers to good health, socioeconomic success, and academic achievement

A t ff t d b i d Are not affected by racism and oppression

Who are APIs?

Racial/Ethnic Composition of Population in Alameda County*

NHOPI1%

Other0.28%

AIAN

/ p p y

White

Black12%

Multi-Race4%

0.28% Over 1 in 4 residents in

Alameda County are Asian White34%

Alameda County are Asian or Pacific Islander.

Latino23%

Source: Census, 2010

Asian26% *Population by race includes Non-Hispanic persons identifying as a single race only.

Asian Population Subgroups*, Alameda County

82 406 (21%)138,824

FilipinoChinese (36%)

11,344 (3%)17,464 (4%)

30,533 (8%)72,278 (19%)

82,406 (21%)

JapaneseKorean

VietnameseAsian Indian

Filipino

3,674 (0.9%)4,274 (1%)4,325 (1%)

7,531 (2%)11,344 (3%)

LaotianPakistani

CambodianTaiwaneseJapanese

894 (0.2%)1,066 (0.3%)1,737 (0.4%)2,369 (0.6%)

, ( )

NepaleseIndonesian

ThaiBurmese

316 (0.1%)344 (0.1%)466 (0.1%)495 (0.1%)

BhutaneseHmong

BangladeshiSri Lankan

241 (0.1%)

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

Malaysian

Source: Census, 2010*Counts represent persons identifying as a single Asian subgroup only

NHOPI Population Subgroups*, Alameda County

2,861 (24%)

3,630 (30%)

Tongan

Fijian

1 455 (12%)

2,022 (17%)

Guamanian or Chamorro

Samoan

1,318 (11%)

1,455 (12%)

Native Hawaiian

Guamanian or Chamorro

27 (0.2%)

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000

Marshallese

Source: Census, 2010*Counts represent persons identifying as a single NHOPI subgroup only

2000-2010 Population Changes by Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County

2000 2010 -13%

y

500,000

600,000

400,000+33%

+24%

200,000

300,000

-13%

100,000

,

+41%

+8%

21%0

NHOPI Asian Latino Multi-Race Other Black White AIAN

+41% -10% -21%

Source: Census, 2010

API Immigrant and Refugee Populations in Alameda County

2008-2012 Foreign-Born Population i Al d C b R

2010-2012 Top 10 Refugee/AsyleeG A i i i Al d C

Multi-race

Black2%

NHOPI1% AIAN

0.3%

in Alameda County by Race

12%

14%

14%

IraqBhutanBurma

Groups Arriving in Alameda County

Other13%

2%

7%

7%

8%

9%

12%

NepalSri LankaEthiopia

AfghanistanIraq

Asian55%

White27%

3%

6%

6%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

IranThailand

Eritrea

Percentage of All Refugees/Asyleesby Country of Birth

Source: American Community Survey, 2008-2012 Source: RHEIS, 1/1/2010 – 12/31/2012

Over 1 in 2 immigrants in

Alameda County are Asian or Pacific Islander.

About 3 in 4 refugees/asylees coming toAlameda County are from Asian countries.

Are All APIs Healthy?

All-Cause Mortality Rate, Major Racial/Ethnic Groups*y , j / pwith API combined, Alameda County

9491,000

704 663

600

800

000

pop

519419

400

600

s pe

r 10

0,0

0

200Dea

th

Source: Alameda County Vital Statistics, 2008-2012

0Black AIAN White Latino API

*Data by race includes non-Hispanic persons only

All-Cause Mortality Rate, Major Racial/Ethnic Groups*, Alameda CountyAlameda County

1 000 949

802

704800

1,000

op 704663

519600

00,0

00 p

o

410400

eath

s pe

r 1

0

200De


0Black NHOPI AIAN White Latino Asian

*Data by race includes non-Hispanic persons only

All-Cause Mortality Rate, Larger API Subgroups,Alameda CountyAlameda County

1 200

9839081,000

1,200

00 p

op

NHOPI 708

560485 477

405 400

600

800

per

100,

00

NHOPI Total

A405 400 376 343 308

200

400

Dea

ths

p Asian Total

0

Source: Alameda County Vital Statistics, 2008-2012; Census, 2010

Leading Causes of Death among Asians and Pacific Islanders,Alameda CountyAlameda County

Asians Pacific IslandersAsians

% of All Deaths

Pacific Islanders

% of All Deaths

1. Cancer 29%

2. Heart Disease 20%

1. Heart Disease 26%

2. Cancer 19%

3. Stroke 9%

4. Diabetes 4%

3. Diabetes 8%

4. Stroke 8%

5.Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease

3% 5.Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease

6%


TOP 5 = 65% OF DEATHS TOP 5 = 67% OF DEATHS

Early Entry into Prenatal Care, Major Racial/Ethnic Groupswith API combined, Alameda Countywith API combined, Alameda County

92% 91%87% 87% 86%

80%

100%

re

60%

80%

rena

tal C

a

40%

ith E

arly

P

0%

20%

% w


0%White API Black AIAN Latino

Early Entry into Prenatal Care, Major Racial/Ethnic Groups,Alameda CountyAlameda County

92% 92%87% 87% 86%

76%80%

100%

re 76%

60%

80%

rena

tal C

ar

40%

ith E

arly

Pr

0%

20%% w

i


0%Asian White Black AIAN Latino NHOPI

Early Entry into Prenatal Care, API Subgroups,Alameda CountyAlameda County

95% 94% 93% 93%%

100%A i % 93%

89% 89% 89% 89% 87% 87%83%

77%72%

80%

al C

are NHOPI

Total

Asian Total

40%

60%

Ear

ly P

rena

ta

20%% w

ith

0%


Are All APIs Wealthy?Individual Poverty Levels Larger API Subgroups Alameda CountyIndividual Poverty Levels, Larger API Subgroups, Alameda County

<100% of FPL 100 199% of FPL 200 299% of FPL 300%+ of FPL

80%

100%

<100% of FPL 100-199% of FPL 200-299% of FPL 300%+ of FPL

60%

20%

40%

0%

Source: American Community Survey, PUMS data, 2009-2011

Over 40% earn <200% of FPL.

Conditions of Neighborhood Poverty among APIs, Alameda County

In Alameda County almost 1 in 4 NHOPI residents (23%) live in high-poverty

y

In Alameda County, almost 1 in 4 NHOPI residents (23%) live in high-poverty neighborhoods.

And 1 in 9 Asians (11%) live in high-poverty neighborhoods.

Compared to 1 in 15 Whites (7%).

Source: American Community Survey, 2006-2010 and Census, 2010

Unemployment Rate among APIs,Alameda Countyy

29%30%

(%)

17% 17%

14% 14% 13%

20%

ymen

t Rat

e (

9%11% 11%

9% 9% 9%

6% 5%

10%

Une

mpl

oy

0%


Are All APIs Highly Educated?Ed i l A i API Al d CEducational Attainment among APIs, Alameda County

50%

41% 41% 40%40%

50%

S D

egre

e

29%

20%

30%

25+

with

<H

15%

20%

16%

12% 11% 10%8% 8% 7%10%

20%

age

of A

dults

% 7%4%

0%Perc

ent a


Drop-out Rates among Major Racial/Ethnic Groups, Oakland Unified School DistrictOakland Unified School District

29% 29% 28%30%

35%

17%14%

20%

25%

opou

t Rat

e

14%

10%

15%

Coh

ort D

ro

0%

5%

Black Latino NHOPI White Asian

Source: Dataquest, 2011-2012

Why We Must Problematize theAPI “Model Minority” Myth

Th API “M d l Mi it ” th i bl ti b

API Model Minority Myth

The API “Model Minority” myth is problematic because: APIs are a very ethnically and socioeconomically diverse group

Many API communities face unjust socio-economic and health barriers and are underserved

Th th i th i th t API h ith th The myth ignores the oppressions that APIs share with other communities of color

The myth pits APIs as the “model minority” against other The myth pits APIs, as the model minority , against other people of color who are seen as “problem minorities”

The myth induces inadequacy among APIs who supposedly y q y g pp ycan’t measure up to idealized standards

Inequities Impact APIs

Language & cultural barriers

Healthcare discrimination

MCH

Cancer

Lack of insurance

No medical home

Hepatitis B

Tuberculosis

Lower rates of screening

No medical homeDiabetes

Obesity

Disease stigma

Immigration statusHypertension

Obesity

M t l H lth

Source: “Ethnic Health Assessment for Asians, NHs, and Pis in Califrnoia”, 2010; “The State of AA, NH, and PI Health in California Report”, 2009

Mental Health

Poverty History of anti-Asian treatment & labor exploitation

Unemployment &low wage work

& labor exploitation

Ongoing discrimination & institutional racism

Educational barriers& school drop-out

& institutional racism

Marginalization “f i ”

Linguistic isolationas “foreigners”

Anti-immigrant policies

API “model minority” mythSource: “Ethnic Health Assessment for Asians, NHs, and Pis in Califrnoia”, 2010; “The State of AA, NH, and PI Health in California Report”, 2009

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