Problem Tools Current elevation Original elevation Tectonic displacement Geomorphic displacement...
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Transcript of Problem Tools Current elevation Original elevation Tectonic displacement Geomorphic displacement...
Problem
Tools
Current elevation
Original elevation
Tectonic displacement
Geomorphic displacement
Field obs. DEM Geochron. Interpretive Environment
Models
Surface processes act to change elevation through erosion and deposition while tectonic processes depress or elevate the surface directly.
Elevation change with time
Divergence of sediment flux and rock uplift rate
Pollard & Fletcher,
2005
• The study of landforms and landscapes which record a measurable tectonic signal (Burbank and Anderson, 2001).
A “Poster child” for a landscape that records the record of fold growth: Wheeler Ridge California, view to NW; John S. Shelton photograph
Tectonic geomorphology
Tectonic geomorphology• How do surficial processes respond to deformation
(and what are the possible feedbacks between them)? How can we use the signal of deformation in the landscape (and the late Quaternary) to bridge the gap between annual and Myr timescales?
Active tectonics • What are spatial and
temporal scales of continental lithospheric deformation? What are the roles of faulting versus distributed deformation? What drives the deformation? What is the role of pre-existing heterogeneity?
Spatial dimensions of W. North American active deformation
http://www.earthscope.org/geo_pbo_wp.pdf
Fault system dynamics• What are the spatial and temporal distributions
of earthquakes in a region over the (late) Holocene and how do they reflect the regime and the modulation of deformation? What is the effect of mechanical interaction?
Typical range of time scales studied in tectonic geomorphology
Modified from PBO Geology White Paper http://www.unavco.org/pubs_reports/proposals/pbo/geo_pbo_wp.pdf
“No dates, no rates!”
Movement towards better access and more differently datable materials and events and more dates for all studies
Thermochronology
Challenge of multiple scales and idealization:How to
represent the action of a fault or a channel at the appropriate scale?
Main Pamir thrust in the Pamir-Alai region, Kyrgyzstan
Next picture
http://dmc.earth.sinica.edu.tw/Geophysics/twn_topo.gif
Continuous and homogeneous Discrete and heterogenous
http://www.rcep.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/main/taiwan/data/indexmap-E.html
9-21-1999 Chi Chi, Taiwan Earthquake (Mw 7.7)