1

PROBLEM SOLUTION Essay

Worksheet Answer Key (for 3d ed.)

Answers - p. 1

Exam Details

Date: (Tuesday- Week 7) IN CLASS

Timing: 45-50 minutes, 250 words, 5 paragraphs

Weight: 20 % of FP Level 3 mark

Explore topics

A.

1 d

2 a

3 c

B. 1. a

2. b

3. d

4. c

5. a

C.

1. c

2. d

3. a

2

4. b.

Answers p. 5 Summary of Model Essay

Problem: Junk Food

Why is it a problem? (result) causes health problems

Body 1 solution: GOVERNMENT – should make healthy food less expensive

Body 2 Solution: SCHOOLS – teach about nutrition

Body 3 Solution: FAMILIES – give kids lunch instead of money

Answers p. 6-7

Model Essay - Junk Food (Introduction)

1) In many countries, people often eat at fast food restaurants. 2) This is a problem because people who eat too much junk food may develop serious illnesses, such as heart disease and diabetes. 3) However, there are several solutions to this problem.

(Body 1)

4) The first solution is that the government should make healthy food less expensive than junk food. 5) For example, it could give farmers money to grow cheap fruit and vegetables. 6) As a result, people might eat more cheap and healthy food and less junk food.

(Body 2)

7) A second solution to the problem of junk food is that schools should teach children about nutrition. 8) This is important because if children eat junk food all the time, they may develop health problems. 9) For instance, if children become obese, they could get diabetes and need medicine.

(Body 3)

10) Finally, families should make sure that their children eat more healthy food. 11) For instance, parents could give their children a healthy lunch to take to school, instead of giving them money to buy lunch. 12) Because of this, those children would not have money to spend on junk food and they would have to eat healthily.

(Conclusion)

13) In conclusion, although the issue of people eating too much junk food affects many countries, there are solutions to this problem. 14) The government should make healthy food cheaper, schools should give their students nutrition education and parents should give their children healthy school lunches. 15) I believe that everybody should eat more healthy food because good health is very important.

Answers p. 8

3

Analyze an Essay 1. Remembering Vocabulary 2. Stress (effect) - Many people have this 3. Solutions

Suggestions Examples/results

Write down new words Small papers – put on walls

Learn 20 words/week Ask friend to test you

Use them Conversation, Email to friends, etc.

Answers p. 9 (Your answers may vary)

Example Topics

A. (problems for UAE University or its students) __________ _____________ ________

Hostels

Foundation Program

Students are stressed

Making friends

Too much time in classroom every day B. (problems for young people in UAE in GENERAL

Unemployment

Speeding on the roads

Expensive weddings

debt C. (problems for the WORLD) ______________ _________________ _________

poverty

climate change

war

terrorism D. (problems for people who live in CITIES) _____________ ____________

pollution

expensive

stress E. (problems for older people)

Lonely – social problems

Medical problems

p. 10

Exam topics (Your answers may vary)

4

1. There are many car accidents in the UAE.

2. Today, speeding on roads is a major problem in the UAE.

3. In many countries today, obesity is a growing problem.

4. Some students at universities in the UAE find studying for their major very difficult because most of their courses are in English.

5. Many students feel tired and do not want to continue working hard towards the end of the semester.

6. There are not enough parking spaces in large cities.

7. Some cities are becoming overcrowded.

8. As cities get bigger, crime increases. / Today, many cities have a growing problem with pollution.

9. Today, many universities have a major problem with cheating.

10. We are using too much water these days, and we may not have enough water in the future.

11. Modern technology can make our lives easier but is not available to everybody.

12. Some older people want to use the Internet. However, many of them do not know how to use it.

13. Today, global warming is a major issue in the world.

14. All over the world, many people smoke and this is causing huge health related problems.

15. Many people like to go for a picnic in the desert. However, they leave all their rubbish there.

16. Today, mobile phones are very popular. However, they can be a problem in public places – e.g. in hospitals, mosques & classrooms.

17. In some universities, students miss too many lessons because they are absent too often.

18. Some students find it difficult to make new friends when they go to university.

p. 11

Brainstorming

Body paragraph writing practice – Solution Essays

TOPIC Picnics in the dessert - rubbish left

Mobiles - problem in public places

Not enough parking spaces in cities

DETAILS Damages environment for everyone

Public places are becoming very noisy

population in cities is growing daily

SOLUTION 1 • Put cameras in the desert • Safety box to put mobiles in

• Build more car parks

SOLUTION 2 • Make people pay for leaving trash

• Block phone signals • Have more public transport

SOLUTION 3 • Place large trash cans • Take mobiles away from people

• Charge money for cars to enter the city

5

p. 12

Brainstorming - Practice

Topic #1 (problem for UAE University or its students)

1-What is the problem? Learning English at University 2-Why is this a problem (causes and/or effects)?

Cause – before university, students study in Arabic

Effects – low marks, leave uni. 3-What are some solutions? Give 3-4 solutions, with at least one good example or explanation Possible solutions

Tutorial centers -

Uni should change to Arabic

Families should travel and use English

Primary Schools should have better English classes Government / the university / teachers / schools / parents / families / individuals

Solution Example, Explanation, or personal experience (why/how this will stop the problem) This is because For example

Result (if we use this solution, what will happen/change) As a result If

1- Tutorial centers -

2 many centers at the university to help students ILC, speaking centre, writing center

3- strong English pass IELTS succeed in their majors

1 uni should change to Arabic

5- Arabic is the language of this country Everyone knows Arabic

6- all students will pass at university

7 – Families should travel and use English

8 9

4-If this problem continues, what will happen?

5. If we solve this problem…..

6

Other Topics – check google docs -

https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0BwZKnrx7VcphUHBwNjN2VEJIUFk&usp=sharing )

Number of words _______

p. 13-15 – Your answers will depend on your work and your

group’s work

Alternate Topic #1 Problem: Making new friends at university Solution #1: the teachers should make groups for projects Solution #2: The university can make new clubs Solution #3: The students should make a small book with information about all the students. Solution #4: orientation program – all the leaders at university Solution #5: Students should not go home on the weekends

Answers (pp. 16)

Organization

1) In almost all countries of the world today, unemployment is one of the biggest problems that governments and people have to face. 2) It is a problem for the people because without a salary it is very difficult to provide enough of the essential things for life for the family. 3) For the government, it affects the economy, because if people cannot buy anything, then many businesses will fail. 4) However, there are several solutions for this problem.

5) The first solution is that the government should support new businesses. 6) If the government offered loans to people to set up their own business, this would provide employment for all the people employed in the business. 7) For example, businessmen could use the money to pay office staff and workers to work for them. 8) As a result, the government would make money from the business in taxes created by employment.

9) A second solution to the problem of unemployment is that the government should provide work schemes for people. 10) For

1. Background + Prob

2. Problem details (why)

3. Problem detail #2

4. Thesis

5. Topic sentence – solution #1

6. Explanation

7. Example

8. Result

9. Topic sentence – solution #2

10. Example

11. Result

12. Topic sentence – solution #3

13. Explanation

7

instance, unemployed people could work for a company instead of just getting money from the government. 11) Consequently, they would learn new skills and could apply for new jobs.

12) Finally, the government should make young people do a period of job training after they finish their studies. 13) Sometimes a university degree is not enough to get a job because employers want their employees to have training or work experience too. 14) For instance, law students need some work experience to develop their ability as well as their knowledge. 15) Because of this, graduates with work experience may get jobs more quickly.

16) In conclusion, although the problem of unemployment affects every country, there are solutions to this problem. 17) The government should help new businesses with financial support, and provide more training for unemployed people and students. 18) I believe that the only way to solve this problem is to spend money.

14. Example

15. Result

16. Signal word + thesis

17. Repeat solutions (#1, #2, #3)

18. Advice

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p. 17

Analyse

1. Problem: Unemployment

2. Why is it a problem?

(result) people can’t support their families

(result) decline in the economy

3. suggestions

SOLUTION EXAMPLE/EXPLANATION/ RESULT

Body 1

GOVERNMENT – should support new businesses

Gov. loan business $

Business pays workers

Gov. gets $ from taxes

Workers get money

Businesses get support

Body 2:

Job programs (schemes)

People without jobs can work for the government

Get salary

learn new skills

Body 3: training for young people

Employers want students to have job skills, not just degrees

Law students could work in a company before they graduate

graduates get skills and experience and get jobs more quickly.

4. Linking Words

Examples – For example, - For instance –

Explanations – If…. – This is because… -

Results – Consequently, As a result, If ….

Combine Sentences

1. Although we are a small company, we sell five million machines a year.

2. Although he is a millionaire, he has a simple house.

3. Janet is much happier now because she has a better job.

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p. 18 - 21

The INTRODUCTION

Intro Part. 1. Background and Topic

examples

o Pollution / smoking / crime is a big problem in societies all across the world. (answers will vary) o Expensive weddings / traffic accidents are becoming very popular/common these days. (answers will vary)

Intro Part 2. Problem details

effects (of smoking, car accidents) Style 1: This is a problem because smoking causes many health problems, …. Style 2: This is a problem because car accidents cause a lot of deaths every year)

4. WRITE INTRODUCTION:

Everyone knows that smoking is very dangerous but people all over the world continue to smoke , even teenagers. This is a problem because smoking causes serious diseases and early death. Fortunately, there are several excellent solutions to this problem.

More Practice with Introductions

Problem 1 - Rubbish in the desert

1. This time of year many people like to visit the desert with their family. 2. Unfortunately, they leave their rubbish, such as dirty nappies, plastic bottles, and food containers

there when they return home. 3. This is a problem for the environment and the animals, which live there. 4. It is also unpleasant for people who want to visit the desert. 5. However, there are three main solutions to this problem.

Problem 2 - Mobile phones in public

1. There are more mobile phones in the world than people today. 2. They are certainly very useful, but they can cause disturbances also, especially in public places,

such as hospitals and mosques. 3. However, there are several solutions for the problem

Problem 3 - Not enough parking spaces in cities

1. The number of cars in the world today is huge, and they all need a place to park. 2. This is a very big problem because much of the land in cities is used for accommodation. 3. As more people move into cities, there are fewer places to park, and the people start to park in

unsuitable places, such as on pavements. 4. This causes problems for traffic and pedestrians. 5. However, there are several solutions to this problem.

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p. 21-22

Introductions - On your Own

(your answers may vary)

Stress

(Causes) – people are very busy

(Effects) – bad for health

Nowadays, the world is moving faster and faster and it is very difficult for everyone to relax! This a

problem because relaxing is an important way to stay healthy. However, there are several solutions to this

problem. (37 words)

****

TOPIC: ENGLISH AT UNIVERSITY

Details:

government gives all citizens a chance to attend university

Causes – before university, the main language is Arabic

Effects – have to leave university

Introduction

These days, the UAE offers the amazing educational opportunities to its people in the form of

university education. However, the main language of the universities is English, and this can be a problem

for many students because their main language is Arabic and when they arrive at university, they do not

know English very well. If they fail to improve, they may have to leave the university However, there are

several solutions to this problem. (75 words)

Grammar Errors

1. There are three main solutions to this problem. (sva)

2. There are several solutions to this problem (V)

3. This happens because people are busy. (V)

4. People are very busy and it is hard to relax. (V)

Select the correct expression to complete the introduction (change capital letters if needed):

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In almost all countries of the world today, people are very busy and they don’t have time to relax. (1) This

happens because people are very busy with work and family responsibilities. Unfortunately (2) , this is a problem

because lack of relaxation (3) causes health and other problems. However, there are some excellent solutions for this

problem.

Don’t forget to do Online Practice with Cause & Effect -

https://www.quia.com/quiz/808636.html?AP_rand=198813977

p. 23-24

Writing the BODY

You should write five Body Paragraphs (1 body paragraph for each solution

Each Body Paragraph has THREE MAIN PARTS

1. Topic Sentence

2. Supporting Sentences (like Examples or Explanation

3. Result

Practice. Write SENTENCES for the Body PARAGRAPHS

Body Paragraphs have 3 Basic Parts:

1. __ (TS) Clear Topic sentence gives first / second/ third solution (styles below)

2. Review Steps 1-2: Brainstorm MORE IDEAS for THREE TOPICS.

Obesity Mobile Phones Smoking

Sol1 Schools – no fast food on campus

rules at home – limits Schools – show pictures, bring

visitors

Sol2 Food at home

Encourage active lifestyle Raise the price of cigarettes

Sol3 Daily exercise

Use mobiles in a good way Families should talk to their

children about everything

Sol4 healthy lifestyle

Companies should never advertise

Style 1:

Firstly / Finally, + clause

examples:

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(problem of obesity: B1 – no fast food at school; B2 – exercise; B3 parents)

(Body 1 TS) Firstly schools should not sell fast food on campus.

(Body 2 TS) Secondly, individuals should exercise.

(Body 3 TS) Thirdly, parents need to be good models

Style 2:

The first solution is that + clause .

(problem of smoking: Complete the clauses below for the topic of Smoking

a) (government) The first solution is that the government should raise the price of cigarettes

b) (companies) Another solution is that cigarette companies should never advertise

c) (families) A third solution is that families should talk to their children about everything

d) The best solution is that individuals can _____________________________________________

a. The first solution is + N (ex: “The first solution is fines.”)

b. The first solution is to + V (ex: “The first solution is to educate young people”)

The first solution is for schools to + V

Style 3

c. Using the styles above but include the problem in the topic sentence)

The first solution [to the problem of X] is / is to / is that (ex: “The first solution to the problem of X is X

.”)

Practice: Match the sentences below with the styles above.

1 _a__ The first solution is finding good ways to use phones at school.

2 _b__ The first solution is to educate children about the environment.

3 _c__ The second solution to the problem of expensive weddings is that young people should pay

Write TS sentences other topics, using the styles above

Style 3 (speeding)

Answers will vary

Topic Sentence Errors

1 The first solution is the government should provide bins. This would help people clean. (P)

2 Secondly, we need education programs. (F)

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3 The second solution is the parents should teach their children at home. This would support the education from

the schools. (P)

4 Finally, the government should fine the people who leave rubbish (V)

5 Finally, we should make fines. If people have to pay, they will stop doing it. (P)

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SUPPORTING SENTENCES

3. SS (supporting sentences) – just give 1 or 2: Example patterns for supporting sentences:

a. give example: “For example + clause; “For instance” + clause

b. To explain: “This means (that)….+ clause” Or “This is because + clause” or “If… + clause” “This

would….”

4. CS (concluding sentence): RESULT – just one sentence - Result of your solution - connection between

solution and problem Example patterns:

a. “As a result + clause… “

b. “If …. + clause, clause”

c. “Consequently…”

Discuss the problem of stress. Then complete the table below with ideas for the body paragraphs.

SOLUTION Examples & explanations (at least 2)

RESULT

Body 1 talk to friends Talk and listen c. see things differently

Body 2 take more exercise 1 hour each day b. clear your mind

Body 3 find an hour a day for yourself Early morning Before bed

a. feel more relaxed

Body 4 make a list of your worries Write in a journal d. deal with problems individually (one by one)

RESULTS – PUT THE IDEAS IN THE TABLE. Then, add examples/explanation.

Finally, use linking words to explain each suggestion and its result in your own words.

p. 25-26

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Linking Words

Essay Analysis - Answer these questions by scanning the text.

1. What does speeding cause? Accidents, injuries, and death 2. How many solutions are there? several 3. What are the solutions? 1) education 2) higher fines and cameras, 3) take away cars 4. Who is responsible for the education programs? school 5. What kind of people would students visit in hospitals? people who were injured 6. What happens to people who are caught by speed cameras? They pay fines

What do some speeders not care about? money

The UAE has an excellent system of roads and motorways, 1) but many people drive much too fast. This is a problem 2) because speeding causes terrible accidents that injure and kill many people. 3) However, there are several solutions for this problem.

The 4) first solution is that the government should start an education program that teaches people about the dangers of driving too fast. 5) For example , schools could have special lessons where students go to hospitals to visit people who have been injured in traffic accidents. 6) If those students see the horrible results of the accidents, they may understand the risks of speeding. 7) consequently , those students might be more careful about their speed when they are driving.

A 8) second possible solution to the problem of speeding is that the government should have more speed cameras and higher fines for speeding. 9) If everyone who drives too fast is caught by the speed cameras, they will have to pay a lot of money to the government in fines. 10) For instance, on the Al Ain to Dubai motorway, there are many speed cameras, 11) so most people don’t drive too fast 12) because they don’t want to lose their money.

13) Finally, the government should take cars away from people who drive too fast. 14) Because some people don’t seem to care about money or other people’s lives, neither fines nor education will change their driving. The government needs another way to keep them off the roads, 15) such as removing their cars. 16) As a result, the number of speeders on the roads would decrease and everybody could travel by car more safely.

In 17) conclusion, 18) although some people drive much too fast, there are solutions to this problem. The government should educate people about the risks of speeding, put in more speed cameras with higher fines, 19) and take cars away from people who speed too much. Because everybody’s life is precious, we should all drive safely.

p. 27

Vocabulary Building

Introduction

very good excellent

very bad terrible

hurt badly injure

more than a few several

Body 1

risks dangers

16

particular or specific special

attentive or cautious careful

Body 2

money you pay if you break a rule or a law fine

Body 3

taking away removing

people who drive too fast speeders

drop or reduce decrease

carefully more safely

Conclusion

while although

valuable precious

Answers pp. 24-25: Body Paragraphs – example answers (Your answer might be different) “English at University” “Smoking” – Body Paragraphs

The first solution is that schools should give programs for students. For example, the schools can provide training twice a week and show students how smoking can affect their health in a bad way. If the students can see exactly what smoking does to your body, they will be shocked. As a result, if they know about the smoking, they will never start from the beginning.

Secondly, the government should ban advertising from the TV and internet. This is because advertising is very dangerous for children and teenagers because if they start smoking, they can’t stop. If children do not see this advertising, they will not know about smoking and they will never start.

Finally, the government should raise the price of cigarettes. This is because if people have to pay more money for their cigarettes, they might decrease the number of cigarettes that they buy. As a result, they will become more healthy over time.

Body is 156 words/essay was 250 words

“Rubbish” – Body Paragraphs The first solution is education about the environment. For example, the schools can take students on

trips to the beach or the desert, so they can enjoy the natural world and learn to respect it. Then, the school can organize a day when the students go to the desert to help clean. If young people learn to enjoy and respect nature, their behavior will follow, and they won’t even think of leaving their garbage behind.

The second solution is that the government should fine people who leave their garbage after a picnic. Sometimes people forget about their behavior but if they have to pay something for their mistakes, they may become more careful. As a result, the rubbish will decrease.

Finally, parents can help to educate their children about recycling. This can be done at home and it can be a fun activity for the children. If the parents start doing this early, it will become a natural habit for the children, and they will continue this all their lives.

Body: 170 words / Essay : 300 words

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Answers pp. 32-33: Writing the CONCLUSION Exercise #1 Complete and Review a conclusion about speeding – 5 minutes

In 1) conclusion, 2) although some people drive much too fast, there are solutions to 3) this problem. The government should educate people about the risks of speeding, put in more speed cameras with higher fines, 4) and take cars away from people who speed too much. All lives are important, 5) so we should all drive safely. Exercise #2 - Complete the conclusion about fast food

In conclusion, although the issue of people eating too much junk food affects many countries, there are solutions to this problem. The government should make healthy food cheaper, schools should teach kids about nutrition and parents should encourage healthy living at home. I believe that in the future, we will all be happier if we make better choices about the food that we eat. Exercise #3 - Put the words in the sentences for the following conclusions into the correct order.

Problem 1 - Rubbish in the desert - ANSWERS 1. In conclusion, people enjoy spending time in the desert but they leave rubbish behind and this is a

big problem. 2. The government should put cameras in the desert, fine people who litter, and place large bins for

picnickers to put their rubbish in. 3. If people took their rubbish home with them, then the desert would remain a beautiful place to visit.

Problem 2 - Mobile phones in public - 1. In conclusion, although the use of mobile phones in public places is a big issue there are three main

solutions to this problem. 2. Organisations can block phone signals, provide safety boxes for mobiles or take mobiles away

from people. 3. Most people cannot live without their phone but they should consider the people around them when

they use it.

Problem 3 CONCLUSION - Not enough parking spaces in cities ANSWERS 1. In conclusion, although the lack of parking spaces in cities is a major issue world wide, there are

solutions to this problem. 2. Governments should build more public transport, provide more car parks, and charge money for

private vehicles to enter the city. 3. I believe if people want to travel in the city without stress, they should use public transport.

Exercise #4 Example conclusion for “Smoking”

In conclusion, smoking is still a problem, but there are solutions. If the schools teach people when they are young, and the government stops the advertising and raises the price of cigarettes, we can solve this problem forever!!! Example conclusion for “Rubbish”

In conclusion, rubbish in the desert is a problem, but there are solutions to this problem. First, young people should learn to enjoy and respect nature. Secondly, the government should fine people who leave their garbage behind, and finally, parents should teach their children how to recycle. The world is becoming more and more crowded, so if we do not solve this problem now, it will continue to grow and get worse.

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p. 34-35

Form

NOUN VERB ADJ ADV

education educate educated xxx

solution solve solvable xxx

advice advise advisable xxx

prevention prevent preventable xxx

law xxxx

ban banned xxx

danger endanger dangerous dangerously

death die Dead Deadly

xx

pollution pollute polluted xxx

government govern governmental governmentally

advice advise advisable xxx

Advice on WORD FORM

(NOUN Advice)

1. After a preposition use a NOUN

The first solution to the problem of (pollute / pollution) is education.

The problem of (leave / leaving rubbish) has several solutions.

Another solution is for (parents / parental) to promote healthy nutrition at home.

2. SUBJECTS & OBJECTS - must be NOUNS

We must respect (nature / natural).

The second solution is (recycle / recycling ) old things in new ways. (F)

3. GERUNDS (- ing form of a verb) – you can make a noun from a verb by adding “-ing” (drink drinking;

work working). They can be used for subjects or objects.

(Cheat / Cheating) is a big problem in most universities.

(VERB Advice)

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4. After will/would/can/could/may/might use the base form of a verb

5. Put (certain) verbs together - “To” + base form of verb

a. Governments need to solve / solves / solving the problem of smoking by teenagers.

b. Everyone must learn to respect / respecting our planet.

OTHER - WHAT FORM IS NEEDED AND WHY?

a) Secondly, we need educate / educational programs.

b) This will develop respect for the nature / natural world.

c) If students learn to recycle from an early age, the environment will be health / healthy.

d) The environment will be polluted / pollution if people leave their rubbish behind.

Complete these sentences about children smoking using the verbs in brackets:

1. We can stop children smoking by educating them about the dangers of smoking.

2. One way to stop children smoking is to raise awareness about smoking.

3. If we prevent them from smoking , our children will have a healthier future.

4. Another way to solve the problem is to fine people who smoke in public

5. By making them aware of this issue , children will be safe from cigarettes.

Answers Error CODES – Problem Solution Essay - Can you fix the mistakes?

code MEANING Note EXAMPLE OF MISTAKE (correction)

# singular/plural

Check every noun 1. There are several solution to this problems. (solutions / problem)

? Other word missing/extra, or unclear

2. Because of this, the accidents are increasing. (The number of accidents….).

a article a – an – the 3. If we stop leaving rubbish, desert will be clean. (the desert)

f form noun – verb – adjective – adverb

4. Speeding can causes accidents and death. (cause) 5. We need education about the dangerous of speeding.

(dangers)

p punctuation

full stop or comma – missing or extra

6. Schools should ban junk food, this would help the students to eat better. (food. This)

poss Possessive People’s lives, the UAE’s history

7. This is a problem because it is dangerous for people lives. (people’s)

prep preposition In, on, at, for, of about, with, to

8. People should know about the problem for obesity. (problem of something)

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sp spelling check it yourself, keep a list of YOUR mistakes

9. dingirus – becouse – proplem – Nowaday – humen – (dangerous, because, problem, nowadays, human)

su subject missing, or extra, etc.

10. We should prevent speeding because is a big problem. (because it is a big problem.

sv subject verb agreement

check carefully! I/you/we/they + work/have He/she/it + works/has

11. The UAE have a wonderful system of roads. ( has) 12. Speeding cause a lot of deaths. (causes) 13. There is several solution for this problem (are )

v verb Missing, extra, or wrong

14. This problem because many people speed and cause accidents. (This is a problem)

15. The people often left rubbish in the desert. (leave)

ww wrong word

16. We must learn the children. (Teach) 17. The problem is increasing because many people use there

own cars. (their)

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Answers - Error Correction Practice Intro errors

1 This is a problem because if people leave their rubbish, the environment will be polluted (F)

2 Nowadays, people love to go on picnics in the desert. (sp)

3 There are several solutions to this problem.

Body 1 Errors

1 The first solution is that schools should start education programs that teach about the environment (sva)

2 The first solution is the government should provide bins. This would help people clean. (P)

3 As a result, the desert will be clean all people will want to go there. (P)

4 The first solution to the problem of leaving rubbish is to education students. (F)

Body 2 Errors

1. The second solution is recycling and using the old things in new ways. (F)

2. Secondly, we need education programs. (F)

3. The second solution is the parents should teach the children at home. This would support the education from

the schools. (P)

4. This will develop respect for the natural world. (F)

5. The recycling project in UAE uses old tools and make them new. (SVA)

6. A second solution is schools should give educational program. (#)

Body 3 Errors

1. Finally, the government should fine the people who leave rubbish (V)

2. These people should learn about their wrong behavior (#)

3. The schools should teach the students about this problem. (ww)

4. After they finish, they should collect the rubbish and recycle it at home. (F/V)

5. Finally, we should make fines. If people have to pay, they will stop doing it. (P)

Conclusion errors

1. If we recycle and learn about rubbish, our natural areas will be clean. (F)

2. Sometimes we forget to respect nature. (F)

3. As we can see, there is a solution to this problem. (#)

4. If we learn to respect the natural world and recycle, the environment will be more healthy. (F)

5. In conclusion, some people throw rubbish in the wrong places, but there are solutions to this problem. (P)

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Answers:

(P) errors

1. They enjoy a BBQ. Then when they leave, they don’t clean up their rubbish.

2. The first solution is the government should provide bins. This would help the people clean when they go.

3. As a result, the desert will be clean, and all people will want to go there. (P)

4. Finally, we should make fines. If people have to pay, they will stop doing it.

5. The second solution is parents should teach the children at home. This would support the schools.

6. In conclusion, some people throw rubbish in the wrong places, but there are solutions to this problem.

(F) errors

7. This is a problem because if people leave their rubbish, the environment will be polluted.

8. The first solution to the problem of leaving rubbish is to education students.

9. If we recycle and learn about rubbish, our natural areas will be clean.

10. Sometimes we forget to respect nature.

11. The second solution is recycling and using the old things in new ways.

12. Secondly, we need education programs.

13. This will develop respect for the natural world.

14. If we learn to respect the natural world and recycle, the environment will be more healthy.

(SVA) & V errors

15. The first solution is that schools should start education programs that teach about the environment

16. If we recycle and learn about rubbish, our natural areas will be clean.

17. The recycling project in UAE uses old tools and make them new. (SVA)

18. Finally, the government should fine the people who leave rubbish (V)

19. After they finish, they should collect the rubbish and recycle it at home.

(#) errors

20. There are several solutions to this problem. (#)

21. A second solution is schools should give educational program. (#)

22. These people should learn about their wrong behavior (#)

23. As we can see, there is a solution to this problem. (#)

WW error

24. The schools should teach the students about this problem. (ww)

(sp) errors

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25 Nowadays, people love to go on picnics in the desert.

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Vocabulary Practice - ANSWERS

Unemployment is a serious issue for many countries today. What are some possible solutions to this

problem?

In almost all countries of the world today, unemployment is one of the biggest problems that

governments and people have to face. It is a problem for the people because without a salary it is very difficult

to provide enough of the essential things for life for the family. For the government, it affects the economy,

because if people cannot buy anything, then many businesses will fail. However, there are several solutions for

this problem.

The first solution is that the government should support new businesses. If the government offered

loans to people to set up their own business, this would provide employment for all the people employed in the

business. For example, businessmen could use the money to pay office staff and workers to work for them. As

a result, the government would make money from the business in taxes created by employment.

A second solution to the problem of unemployment is that the government should provide work

schemes for people. For instance, unemployed people should be made to work for a company instead of just

getting money from the government. Consequently, they would learn new skills and could apply for new jobs.

Finally, the government should make young people do a period of job training after they finish their

studies. Sometimes a university degree is not enough to get a job because employers want their employees to

have training or work experience too. For instance, law students need some work experience to develop their

ability as well as their knowledge. Because of this, graduates with work experience may get jobs more quickly.

In conclusion, although the problem of unemployment affects every country, there are solutions to this

problem. The government should help new businesses with financial support, and provide more training for

unemployed people and students. I believe that the only way to solve this problem is to spend money.

Grammar Focus – Modals (will, may/might & should)

Today, speeding on roads is a major problem in the UAE.

What are some solutions to this problem?

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The UAE has an excellent system of roads and motorways, but many people drive much too fast. This

is a problem because speeding causes terrible accidents that injure and kill many people. However, there are

several solutions for this problem.

The first solution is for the government to start an education program that teaches people about the

dangers of driving too fast. For example, schools could have special lessons where students go to hospitals to

visit people who have been in traffic accidents. If those students see the horrible results of accidents, they

may understand the risks of speeding. Consequently, they might be more careful about their speed when

they are driving.

A second solution to the problem of speeding is that the government should have more speed cameras

and higher fines for speeding. If everyone who drives too fast is caught by the speed cameras, they will have

to pay a lot of money to the government in fines. For instance, on the Al Ain to Dubai motorway, there are

many speed cameras, so most people don’t drive too fast because they don’t want to lose their money.

Finally, the government could take cars away from people who drive too fast. Because some people

don’t seem to care about money or other people’s lives, neither fines nor education will change their driving.

The government needs another way to keep them off the roads, such as removing their cars. As a result, the

number of speeders on the roads would decrease and everybody could travel by car more safely.

In conclusion, although some people drive much too fast, there are solutions to this problem. The

government should educate people about the risks of speeding, put in more speed cameras with higher fines,

and take cars away from people who speed too much. Because everybody’s life is precious, we should all

drive safely.

Read the essay above. Below are some of the writer’s ideas. Circle True or False for the sentences which reflect

the writer’s ideas.

1. If students see the results of accidents, they are almost certain to understand that speeding is risky.

True / False

2. All students will definitely be more careful about speeding when they are driving if they see the horrible results of accidents.

True / False

3. It is a good idea for the government to have more speed cameras.

True / False

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4. It is not a good idea for the government to have higher fines for speeders. True / False

5. It is almost certain that speeders who are caught by cameras must pay heavy fines to the government.

True / False

Grammar of modals - will, may/might, should

Match the meanings of the underlined phrases in column A with their meaning in column B.

A B 1) If those students see the horrible results of accidents, they may* understand the risks of speeding. (b) – not sure, but likely

a) showing something which is certain/almost certain to happen

2) A second solution to the problem of speeding is that the government should have more speed cameras and higher fines for speeding. (c) giving advice

b) showing something that is not certain but likely to happen

3) If everyone who drives too fast is caught by the speed cameras, they will have to pay a lot of money to the government in fines. (a) - certain/almost certain

c) giving advice

* may and might are interchangeable

Read the ideas below; decide which are:-

(A) certain/almost certain to happen

(B) likely to happen

(C) good advice

Then write down which modal can be used. The first one has been done for you as an example.

1. A will ….get the chance to sit the CEPA exam.

2.should …. check their email to see when the CEAP exam is.

3.should ….review for the CEPA exam before they sit it.

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Students who pass Level 3 with an A, B or C grade

4.should/may …..pass the CEPA exam.

5.may/might ….not pass the CEPA exam.

6.will ….not need to continue learning English at UFP, if they pass the CEPA exam.

7.may/might/could …decide to sit the IELTS exam instead.

Making sentences with modals

Positive sentence: subject + modal + base form of verb

............ they might be more careful about their speed when they are driving.

Negative sentence: subject + modal + not + base form of verb

............ they might not be more careful about their speed when they are driving.

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Modals Practice

Use the following modals in the sentences below. Use will for certain/almost certain, use may/might for not

certain but likely and should for advice.

Learning English is easy for some UFP students but difficult for others. Many teachers believe that if

students want to learn effectively, they 1. should have good study habits. To begin with, students 2. should

attend all their classes. It is a good idea that they do their homework. If they do their homework and learn

from their mistakes, they 3. will improve. When students are studying vocabulary, they 4 should keep a

notebook of the new words that they learn in class. Regular review of these words 5. will should result in the

students remembering the new vocabulary words. A few students 6. may/might succeed in remembering

more of the words after a short time but for most students, if they do not study from their vocabulary notes

frequently, they 7. will not learn the new words so easily. Finally, learning a language is about having fun.

Students should do what they enjoy in that language. If they like watching movies, they 8. watch these in

English. The best way to learn something is by being interested in it. Students 9. will not learn if they are not

interested in what they are learning. However, if students have fun with English, they 10. will learn better

than if they are bored.

Common Errors in using modals

Find the errors in the sentences below and fix them. There is at least one error in each sentence.

1. Students should to attend every class.

2. Some students may deciding to stay at home and travel to and from university, even though they live far

away.

3. Other students maight wanted to stay in the university hostels.

4. All students who stay in the UAEU hostels will be attend class at UAEU and not HCT.

5. Some students who stay in the hostels may be not back home for the weekend.

6. This is because they might had exams over the weekend.

7. Some of these students may missing their families over the weekend.

8. They should to be called their families so that they are not too lonely.

will may/might should

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Name __________________________________ ID ______________________ Section ___

Quiz ANSWERS Score: ________ /35 points

Self check: If your answer is COMPLETELY CORRECT, DO NOTHING. If it is wrong, please put an

“X” at the Left. Count the number that are CORRECT and give yourself a score: __________ / 35

Part A. Vocab: Score: ________ /5 points

Directions: For each bold word, write something more interesting.

1) excellent 2) horrible/ terrible 3) ) injure / hurt / kill and injure

4) several / multiple 5) problem / issue

The UAE has a 1) very good system of roads and motorways, but many people drive much too fast.

This is a serious issue because speeding causes 2) very bad accidents, and these accidents 3) are very bad for

people. However there are 4) many solutions for this 5) topic.

Part B. Linking Words / relative pronouns / modals Score: ________ /10 points

Directions: Select the best linking words to complete the next paragraph. You don’t need to use all the

words, and some may be used more than once.

consequently / for example / first / if / that / teach / teaches / who / may / might / would

The 1) first solution is to start an education program 2 that 3) teaches people about the dangers of

driving too fast. 4) For example, schools could have special lessons where students go to hospitals to visit

people 5) who were injured in accidents. 6) If those students see the results of these accidents, they 7) may

/ might understand the risks of speeding. 8 Consequently, they 9 may / might/would be more careful about

their driving.

Finally, the government should take cars away from people who drive too fast. Some people don’t

care about money or other people, so the government needs another way to deal with them, 10) such as ]

removing their cars or taking their license.

Part C. Error Correction Score: ________ /20 points

Directions: Correct the errors in the sentences. Each sentence as one error. The codes and bold can help.

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Intro errors

1. ____ (su) Unfortunately, sometimes people they leave their rubbish after they go home.

2. ____ (V/F) Unfortunately, speeding can causes accidents and death.

3. ____ (#) Fortunately, there are several solutions to this problem.

4. ____ (V) This is a problem because many people speed and cause accidents.

Topic Sentence 1 Errors

5. ____ (F) Finally, we need education about the dangers dangerous of speeding.

6. ____ (P) Finally, there should be fines. If people have to pay, they may stop doing this.

7. ____ (P) Secondly, schools should ban junk food. This would make the students healthier.

8. ____ (P) The first solution is for parents to teach their children at home. This supports schools.

9. ____ (V) Finally, the government should fines the people who leave rubbish.

10. ____ (ww) Secondly, the schools should learn teach the students about this problem.

Example/Explanation Sentence Errors

11. ____ (SVA) This will help because all children go to school, so this will reach every child.

12. ____ (V) For example, teachers could show students how to recycle.

13. ____ (F/V) For example, after they finish, they should collect the rubbish and recycle it at home.

Result Errors

14. ____ (P) As a result, the desert will be clean, and all people will want to go there.

Conclusion Errors

15. ____ (SVA) In summary, this is a big problem, but there is are several solutions that we can try.

16. ____ (P) To sum up, rubbish in the wrong places is a problem, but there are several solutions.

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17. ____ (sp) In conclusion, we can see three main ways to solve this problem.

18. ____ (#) In summary, we can solve this problem with three solutions.

19. ____ (F) We can recycling recycle at home with our families.

20. ____ (su) We must solve this issue because it / this is a big problem.

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These are mistakes that were seen on Timed Writing Exams. These are the kinds of mistakes that cost a lot of

points because they are not necessary.

Singular/Plural

1. Many student want to make new friends.

Articles

2. First solution is that the university should make programs for this problem.

3. First solution is the government should fine people who do this.

Word missing

4. A second (?) to this problem is the family.

Word order

5. A second solution is should the university help.

(spelling)

6. ______________________ The univesity should help.

7. ______________________ However, there are soveral solutions to this problem.

8. ______________________ This is because some friends are dengerst.

9. ______________________ Schools can give secpish lesson about the problem.

10. ______________________ As a result, the students will now how to find new friends.

11. ______________________ Consequetly

12. ______________________ For instunes

13. ______________________ The bigest problem is that students have too much homework.

14. ______________________ Eductions

15. ______________________ Shoud

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16. ______________________ The university should organize actives.

17. ______________________ As a result, students can make now friends.

Additional lesson material

Add – form lesson

Grammar: Conditionals

Unemployment is a serious issue for many countries today. What are some possible solutions to this

problem?

Review of conditionals: Underline the subjects and verbs in the following sentences:

If people cannot buy anything, then many businesses will fail.

If the government offers loans to people to set up their own businesses, this will provide employment.

If people work for the government, they will get work experience and learn new skills.

Look at these example sentences from the essays about children watching television:

If children watch the wrong programs, they may copy bad behaviour.

If children just sit and watch television all night, they won’t do their homework.

It is good for the children If their parents are less stressed,

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1. What kind of sentences are these? ___________________________________ 2. How many clauses are there in each sentence? _________ 3. What kind of clauses are used in these sentences ? [ dependent / independent / both] 4. The “if” clause is [ dependent / independent / both] 5. The “result” clause is [ dependent / independent / both]

Underline the subjects and verbs in the following example and then label the clauses:

If children watch the wrong programs, they may copy bad behaviour.

If _____________________ clause , __________________________ clause

If people eat mostly junk food as children, ________________________________________

If families continue spending millions of dirhams on weddings, _____________________________

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