Problem-Based Learning: Introduction & Rationale
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Transcript of Problem-Based Learning: Introduction & Rationale
BY THE END OF THIS SESSION YOU WILL Define PBL Identify the rationale for PBL List advantages and
disadvantages of PBL
WHAT IS PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING? A learning method based on the
principle of using problems as a starting point for the acquisition and integration of new knowledge.” H.S. Barrows 1982
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IS DESIGNED TO ENABLE STUDENTS TO: Engage problems they face in life and career
with initiative. Solve problems effectively using an integrated,
flexible and usable knowledge base. Employ effective self-directed learning skills to
continue learning as a lifetime habit. Continuously monitor and assess the adequacy
of their knowledge, problem-solving and self-directed learning skills.
Collaborate effectively as a member of a group.
WHAT WAS PROMISED? According to the early literature,
PBL would contribute toRenewal of the medical curriculumA more student-centered learning
environmentStudents acquiring better clinical reasoning
skillsStudents acquiring better interpersonal
skillsAcquisition and retention of relevant
medical knowledge.
DID PBL ACT AS A ENZYME FOR CURRICULUM RENEWAL?Generally: Yes Many schools have integrated basic-
science with clinical-science teaching: both horizontally and vertically,
Greater emphasis on community health needs,
Earlier introduction into the health care system,
Many schools use patient problems as focus of learning,
DOES PBL PROVIDE A MORE STUDENT-CENTERED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT? According to most studies: Yes Students report less stress & fewer
feelings of being powerless (Kuhnigk & Schauenburg, 1999),
Students feel more supported by learning environment, and experience more social support (Kiessling, et al., 2004).
…….. Etc
DOES PBL HELP STUDENTS TO ACQUIRE CLINICAL REASONING SKILLS? According to few studies available:
Yes What type of studies?
POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES?
Getting much work done productivity, efficiency, effectiveness
Getting work done with the help of others team work, leadership
Getting work done in new innovative ways creativity, problem-solving
Getting work done using science finding, reviewing, producing, disseminating
scientific knowledge
DOES PBL HELP STUDENTS ACQUIRE SUCH PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES?
All studies point in the same direction: Yes
e.g.,
ADVANTAGES OF PBL PBL enhances active learning; It is multidisciplinary; Learning is problem driven; Learning occurs in small tutorial groups; Student-Centered learning; Integrative thinking Self directed learning Motivation for learning; Learning environment is realistic; and Assessment matches educational objectives.
DISADVANTAGES OF PBL It is costly; Large and well trained staff is needed; More time is needed; Large physical structure is required; and It needs more resources.