Probabilistic SafetyAssessment andManagement '96ESREL'96 — PSAM-III

June 24-281996, Crete, Greece

Volume 1

Edited byCarlo Cacciabue and Ioannis A. Papazoglou

Springer

CONTENTS

Operator ModellingChairs.Mosleh, A.M.; Furuta, K.

The Use of the Dynamic Flowgraph Methodology in Modeling HumanPerformance and Team EffectsMilici, A., Wu, J. S., Apostolakis, G 1

Man-Machine Interaction Analytical ApproachSurace, G., Casetta, O. P. 7

Simulating Interactions between Operator and EnvironmentFuruta, K., Shimada, T., Kondo, S 15

Knowledge Dependency Analysis of Plant Operators using ConsistentProtocol FormulationYoshikawa, S., Ozawa, K., Koyagoshi, N., Oodo, T. 21

PSA Studies/Applications-IChairs:De Gelder, P.; Eid, M.

The Use of PRA in Designing the Westinghouse AP600 PlantWolvaardt, F., Haag, C, Sancaktar, S., Schulz, T., Scobal, J. 27

PSA-Based Optimization of Technical Specifications for the BorsseleNuclear Power PlantSeebregts, A., Schoonakker, H 33

Comparative Evaluation of Severe Accident Risks Associated withElectricity Generation SystemsHirschberg, S., Spiekerman, G 39

Role of PSA in Improving Plant Safety During Shutdown OperationSung, T. Y., Park, J. H., Kim, T. IV. .". 46

Reliability/Availability Analysis Methods-IChairs:Schnee\veiss, W. G.; Limnios, N.

Modeling Components and Systems with Buffers Providing a Grace PeriodVaurio, J. 52

Selecting and Implementing the Best Group Replacement Policy for a NonMarkovian SystemPopova, E., Wilson, J. G 58

A Tighter Upper Bound for System UnavailabilitySchneeweiss, W. G 63

Effects on System Availability Caused by Non-Exponential LifetimesEisinger, S 69

Emergency PlanningChairs:Harvey, D.; Banda, Z.

RODOS Application on Complex Terrain Dispertion Problem UsingDETRACTDeligiannis, P., Bartzis, J. G., Catsaros, N., Davakis, S., Varvayanni,hi., Ehrhardt, J. 75

Risk Based Emergency Planning and HandlingNordSamdal, U., Sceter, O., Brevig, 0 83

Hazard Assessment for Emergency PlanningBanda, Z. Jr. 89

Crowd Movement Models: Comparing Agora Models to the Results ofEvacuation Trials of the Shuttles in the Channel TunnelLardeux, E. 95

Learning from Operating Experience-IChairs:Amendola, A.; Sagar, B.

Learning from Experience: the Major Accident Reporting System in theEuropean UnionPapadakis, G. A., Amendola, A 101

Operation Feedback Free Text AnalysisSilberberg, S., Souchois, T. 107

Analysis of UK Offshore Accident & IncidentsConnolly, S 112

Risk-Based Approach to Analyzing Operating EventsMarchese, A. R.. Neogy, P. 118

Innovative Applications of HR Techniques-IChairs:Parry, G. W.; Kondo, S.

HRA for WWER 1000 NPP Temelin PRA Project - New Specific Issues toBe AddressedHoly.J. 124

An Improved HRA Process for Use in PRAsBarriere, hi. 7'., Ramey-Sniith, A., Party, G.lf. 132

A Dynamic HRA Method Based on a Taxonomy and a CognitiveSimulation ModelCacciabue, P. C, Cojazzi, G., Parisi, P. 138

Procedure for the Analysis of Errors of Commission during Non-PowerOperationJulius, J. A., Jorgetison, E. J., Parry, G. W., Mosleh, A. M. 146

PSA Studies/Applications-IIChairs:Hauptmanns, U.; Soth, L.

Insights and Benefits in Probabilistic Terms from Plant ModificationsImplemented at Nuclear Power Plants in Germany, Sweden and the USACarlsson, L., Eriksson, H., Werner, W. 152

Performance Improvements for Electrical Power Plants: Dcsigning-in theConcept of AvailabilityBourgade, E., Degrave, E., Lannoy, A 158

Modelling Industrial Systems Using Fault Tree and Monte Carlo AnalysisTechniquesAshton, P., Leicht, R 164

Periodically Overhauled Systems AvailabilityLydersen, S 172

Systems EvaluationsChairs:Hirschberg, S.; Ellia-Hervy, A.

Mitigation of Risks due to Pipeline Releases Integration of Risk Analysisand Leak Detection DesignUguccioni, G., Belsito, S., Ham, J., Silk, A/. 178

Insights from the Wolf Creek Nuclear Plant Fire PRAHeimeke, D. iV., Luckert, V. 185

A Method for Optimizing the Safety. Availability and Costs of NewPressurized Water ReactorsGourdel, J. B., Ellia-Hervy, A 191

Risk Based Approach to Define Allowed Outage Times of Electric PowerSupply Systems at the TVO I/1I PlantPesonen, J., Kosonen, hi., Ktankamo, T. 198

Risk Based Regulation: Multilateral AgreementsChairs:Kyriakopoulos, N.; Avenhaus, R.

Modeling for Risk in the Absence of Sufficient Data: A Strategy for TreatyVerificationKyriakopoulos, N., Avenhaus, R 204

Arms Control Verification Synergies: Theory and Applications in theUnited Nations ContextKilgour, D. hi., Cleminson, F. R 210

Providing Assurance on the Absence of Unknown ActivitiesKing.J.L 217

Strategy Development, Risk Assessment and Resource Management: SomeIssues Related to the Implementation of the Verification Regime of theChemical Weapons ConventionGee, J., Trapp, R., Barbeschi, hi. 223

Learning from Operating Experience-IIChairs:Kortner, H.; Procaccia, H.

Accident Sequence Precursor Lessons for PRAMinarick.J. W. 230

Novel Designs, How Do We Obtain Reliability Data?Fagerjord, 0 236

Reliability Determination of Telecommunication Line Equipment Basedon Return of ExperienceCherji, Z, Chiesa, G 242

The Application of the Accident Sequence Precursor Methodology forMarine Safety SystemsGoossens, L. H. J., Glansdorp, C. C 247

Life Cycle Cost/ProfitChairs:Ravindra, M. K.; Bot, Y.

Cost Analysis of an Air Transport System Model with Critical HumanErrors and Two Repair PoliciesKlimaszewski, S., Smolinski, H., Zurek, J. 255

Reliability and Cost OptimizationBot, Y. 261

Seismic IPEEE of US Nuclear Power Plants: Lessons for NPPs in OtherCountriesRavindra.hi. K. 267

Incorporating Uncertainty into Cost Estimation at the Time of PreliminaryDesignFrangopol, D. hi., Banafa, A 273

PSA Studies/Applications-IIIChairs:Mulvihill, R.; Macris, A. C.

An Operating PSA Application at EDF: the Probabilistic Incident AnalysisDubreuil-Chambardel, A., Franqois, P., Pesme, //., Maliverney, B 279

The Weibull Distribution in Control Charts and in some MaintenanceStrategiesRamalhoto, hi. F. 285

Reliability Evaluation of a Periodically Tested System by Using DifferentMethodsCailliez, P., Chdtelet, E., Signoret, J. P 292

Level 1 PSA Study for Unit 3 of J. BOHUNICE NPPKovdcs, Z, Novdkovd, H 299

Use of PRA to formulate a fresh set of bases for ALWR Passive Plants'Technical SpecificationBassanelli.A 305

Reliability and Risk Based MaintenanceChairs:Dykes, A. A.; Carlsson, L.

Plant Maintenance Advisory System using 3D Configuration Model andPSA Technique (MAS3)Jeong, K. S.. Ha, J, Kim. S. II, Choi, S. Y. 313

Turbine Driven Pump Surveillances: "What Do We Learn"Christie, B 319

FRAMS: a software prototype for incorporating Flexibility, Reliability,Availability, Maintenance and Safety in Process DesignThomaidis. T. V., Kielin, A. P., Pistikopoulos. E. N. 325

The Use of RAMS Probabilistic Analysis for On-Line Maintenance andOperational Decision SupportContini, S., Wilikens, hi., Maseru, M. 331

Risk Based Regulation: Applications-IChairs :Spitzer, C ; Bley, D.

Toward Risk Based RegulationHessel.P.P 339

PSA Applications for NPPs at HEWOhlmeyer, H., Schubert, B 347

Regulatory View on PSA for an Older-type PWRKeil.D 353

On the Regulatory Review of TVO I/II Low Power and Shut Down RiskAssessmentSandberg, J. V., Virolainen, R. A'., Niemela, I. M. 357

Qualification Procedure for PSA Software Referring to STARS-FTASpitzer, C 363

Data and Reliability AnalysisChairs: Kafka, P., C ; Senni, S.

Some Problems of Identification of the State for the Purpose of Steeringthe Reliability of the ObjectBorgon, J., Jazwinski, J., Zurek, J. 369

Reliability Study of the Nuclear Reactor BR2 SCRAM SystemPouleur, Y., Verboometi, B 375

Safety and Reliability Activities in the Design to reduce Operation andEnvironmental RisksSenni Buratti, S., Uguccioni, G 381

Modeling of Physical Failure in Microwave and Optical Components forAssessment of System RiskStrifas, N., Yalamanchili, P., Pusarla, C, Christou, A 389

Human Error Tolerant SystemsChairs:Hollnagel, E.; Mazet, C.

Error Tolerant Approach Towards Human ErrorSepanloo, K., hieshkati, N. 395

Human Error Tolerant Design for Air Traffic Control SystemsMo, J., Crouzet. Y. 400

Dependable Systems: Error Tolerance and Man - Machine CooperationMazet, C, Guillermain, H. 406

Implementation of Cause-Based Pilot Model for Dynamic Analysis ofApproach-to-Landing Procedure: Application of Human Reliability toCivil AviationMacwan, A., Bos, J. F. T., Hooijer, J. S 412

Modelling Approaches to Safety AnalysisChairs:Siu, N. O.; Dutuit, Y.

Dynamic Modelling of Process Equipment in Regularity AnalysisSkjeldal, I., Katteland, L. H. 418

A Hybrid (Stochastic and Fuzzy) Methodology' for Safety and RiskAssessmentCooper, J. A 424

Markov Models for Quantifying Initiating Event Frequencies in SystemAnalysisXing, L, Fleming, K. N., Loh, W. T. 430

A Transport Framework for Zero-Variance Monte Carlo Estimation ofMarkovian UnreliabilityDevooght, J., Labeau, P. E., Delcoux, J. L 436

Safety Concepts and Tools for Design and OperationsChairs:Henneke, D. W.; Vestrucci, I. P.

PSA as a Part of a Safety Improvement ProgramKohn.H. 443

Safety and Availability in the Design of Nuclear Power Plants: Conflict orConvergenceBourgade, E., hiagne, L 449

Linking Internal and External Safety & Environmental Impact Assessmentand ManagementVestrucci, P 455

An Approach to Design a Hypertext-based Navigation System for Follow-up of Emergency Operating ProceduresClieon, S. IV., Park, G. O., Lee, J. IV. 461

Environmental Risk Management StrategiesChairs:Ravindra, M. K.; Bonano, E. J.

A Probabilistic Environmental Decision Support Framework for ManagingRisk and ResourcesGallegos, D. P., Webb, E. K., Davis, P. A., Conrad, S. H. 467

A Risk-based Methodology for Addressing Environmental Risk from aWide Variety of Contaminated Sites at the Idaho National EngeeniringLaboratoryNitschke, R. L 473

Ecological Vulnerability Analysis: Towards a New Paradigm for IndustrialDevelopmentSarigiannis, D. A., Volta, G 478

Comparison of Life Cycle Risks in Various Power Generation SystemsXing, L, Johnson, D. J., Lin, J. C. Perla, H. F. 485

Expert Judgement Probability AssessmentChairs:Cqjazzi, G.; Goossens, L. H. J.

Preliminary Requirements for a Knowledge Engineering Approach toExpert Judgment Elicitation in Probabilistic Safety AssessmentGuida, G., Baroni, P., Cojazzi, G., Pinola, L., Sardella, R 491

Catastrophe Risk Analysis in Technical Systems Using Bayesian StatisticsSaers Bigiin, E 499

An Exercise on Bayesian Combination of Expert Judgment for ClimaticPredictions at the Yucca Mountain SiteBolado, R., Lantaron, A., hioya, J. A 505

Formal Bases for the Construction of Possibilistic Expert JudgementSystemsSandri, S 511

Innovative Applications of HR Techniques-IIChairs:Bley, D.; Gertman, D. I.

Reliability Analysis of Operating Procedure in Team PerformanceKohda, T.. Tanaka, T., Nojiri, Y, Inoue, K. 517

A Definition and Modeling of Team ErrorsSasou, K., Takano, K., Yoshimura, S 523

An Efficient Human Reliability Assessment Using Soft Data and BayesianUpdatesAuflick. J. L, Eide, S. A., Morzinski, J.A., Houghton, F.K. 529

Development of a Dynamic Human Reliability Analysis MethodIncorporating Human-Machine InteractionKubota, R., Ikeda, K., Funita, T., Hasegawa, A 535

PSA in Industrial ApplicationsChairs:Prassinos, P.; Petersen, K. E.

Probabilistic Safety Analysis of a Plant for the Production of Nitroglycolincluding Start-up and Shut-downHauptmanns, U., Rodriguez J 541

Risk Based Approach to Estimating Tank Waste VolumesYoung, J., Driggers, S. A., Coles, G. A 547

A Level III PSA for the Inherently Safe CAREM-25 Nuclear PowerStationBaron, J., Nunez, J., Rivera, S 553

A Comparison Study of Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Techniquesfor the Assessment of Safety in IndustryRouvroye, J. L., Goble, W. hi., Brombacher, A. C. Spiker, R 559

Risk Management-IChairs:Lederman, L.; Siu, N. 0 .

Cost-Benefit-Risk Analysis Spreadsheets for Probabilistic SafetyAssessment ApplicationsLiming, J. K., Wakejield, D. J. 567

Design Improvements Based on External Events PSA for Reference PlantsJeong, B. H, Lee, B. S., Rang, S. K. 573

Use of PSA Results for Improving French PWR's Safety - Examples andInsightsLanore, J. M., Picherau, F. 579

Risk Assessment and Life Prediction of Complex Engineering SystemsGarcia, M. D., Varma, R., Heger, A. S 587

Agency GuidanceChairs:Murphy, J. A.; Virolainen, R. K.

PSA Activities by the Principal Working Group 5 (PWG5) of theCommittee for Safety of Nuclear Installation (CSNI) of the OECDKaufer.B., Virolainen, R. K. 593

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the US Department of Energy-Integrated Safety Process (SS-21) for Nuclear Explosive Operations UsingQuantitative Hazard AnalysisFischer. S.R., Konkel, H., Bott, T., Eisenhower, S., Auflick, J.. Houghton, K.,Maloney, K., DeYoung, L. Wilson, hi. 599

PSA Application for the Safety Assessment of Nuclear Power Plants inGermanyBerg, H. P., Gortz, R., Schaefer, T., Schott, H. 605

The Role of PSA to Improve Safety of Nuclear Power Plants in EasternEurope and in Countries of the Former Soviet UnionLederman, L., Holm, J. 611

Uncertainty Analysis-IChairs:Klaassen, D. C. M.; Devooght, J. E.

The Joint EC/USNRC Project on Uncertainty Analysis of ProbabilisticAccident Consequence Codes: Overall Objectives and New Developmentsin the Use of Expert JudgementGoosens, L.H.J., Harper. F. T.. Kelly, G.N., Lui. C.H. 618

Dealing with Dependencies in Uncertainty AnalysisCooke, R., Kraan. B 625

Two Approaches to Model Uncertainty Quantification: a Case StudyZio, E., Apostolakis, G. E 631

A Glance to Uncertainty from an Epistemological Point of ViewPinola, L, Sardella, R 637

HRA in Practice-IChairs:Hirschberg, S.; Cacciabue, P. C.

Evaluation of New Developments in Cognitive Error Modeling andQuantification: Time Reliability CorrelationReer, B., Strater, 0 645

Expert Judgment in Human Reliability AnalysisReiman, L 651

International Survey of PSA-Identified Critical Operator ActionsHirschberg, S., Dang, V. A'., Reiman, L 656

Analyzing the Loss of RHR Using a Dynamic Operator-Plant ModelDang, V. N., Siu, N. 0 662

Health Effects ModellingChairs:Lee, K. J.; Kelly, D. L.

Derivation of Fatality Probability Functions for Occupants of BuildingsSubject to Blast LoadsJeffries, R.M., Gould, L. Anastasiou, D.. Franks, A.P 669

Development of Real-time Dose Assessment System for Korean NuclearPower PlantKim, K. K., Lee, K. J., Park. W.J. 676

Internal Control of Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) in Industry: anEffective Alternative to Direct Regulation and Control by Authorities?Hovden.J. 683

Societal Risk - An Operator's ViewHewkin, D.J. 690

Testing OptimizationChairs:Haim, M ; Krymsky, V. G.

Risk-based Improvement of Nuclear Power Plant Inservice Test andInspection ProgramsLiming, J. K., Loh, W. T., Lardner, W. hi, Moldenhauer. A. C, Grantom, C. R 697

Test Policy Optimization for a Complex System. An Application for theDifferential Model for Equivalent Parameters (DMEP)Vasseur, D., Eid, M. 703

Electrical Substation Performability and Reliability Indicators Modelled byNon-Homogeneous Markov ChainsPlatis, A., Limnios. N.. Le Du, M. 709

A Multi User Decision System concerning Safety and MaintenanceLundtangPaulsen, J., Dorrepaal, J. 715

Risk Based Regulation: MethodsChairs:Speis, T.; Cassidy, K.

Risk Based Regulation Using Mathematical Risk ModelsBratmigan, V., Smidts, C 721

An Integrated Probabilistic and Fuzzy Multi-Objective Method forHazardous Waste Risk ManagementRoss. T.J. 726

Evaluating the Control of Safety in Maintenance Management in MajorHazard Plants: a Research ModelHeming. B.. Hale, A. R, Smit, K., van Leeuwen, D., Rodenbntg, F. 732

Regulating Safety in Maintenance Activities in High Hazard PlantHale, A. R., Smit, K., van Leeuwen, D., Rodenhurg, F., Heming, B. H. J 738

Uncertainty Analysis-IIChairs:Hessel, P.; Wicks, P.

Uncertainty in Modelling of Gas Releases at Industrial SitesHall, R.C., Albergel, A.. Bartzis. J. G.. Cowan, I. R 745

Uncertainty Evaluation of Ammonia Dispertion Models Used in RiskAssessment FieldCecchella, P., Mazzini, M. 751

Uncertainties in the Prevention of Cryogenic Storage OverpressurePapadakis, G. A 757

Traceability of Argument and the Treatment of Conceptual and ParametricUncertainties within a Safety Case, and How the Regulator may Examinethis by Independent AnalysisGrindrod.P. 763

Advances in Human Reliability Modelling-IChairs:Wreathall, J. W.; Cacciabue, P. C.

Human Factors Data and Analyses for Prospective Safety StudiesBacchi, hi.. Cacciabue, P. C. 769

Performance Reliability and ControlHollnagel.E 776

Use of a Multidisciplinary Framework in the Analysis of Human ErrorsWreathall, J. W.. Luckas, W J., Thompson, C. hi 782

Performance Assessment for Radioactive Waste RepositoriesChairs:Thompson, B.; Anderson, D. R.

Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot PlantAnderson, D. R., Helton, J. C, Jow, H. N.. Marietta, hi. G 788

Problems with Distant HorizonsWilson, J. R 795

Development of a Probabilistic Model of the Three-DimcnsionalGroundwater Flow Regime in the Vicinity of a Proposed Waste RepositoryLunn, R. J.. Mackay. R 801

Waste Management Environmental Impact StatementDatskou. I., Travis. C. C. 807

Total Quality MethodsChairs:Surbone, G.; Pyy, P.

Total Quality and Certification: Two Realities ComparedSurbone, G 813

Management Review for Effectiveness of Project Safety AnalysesDeshotels, R. L, Bendixen, L. M. 820

Technical Review Applied on the Vehicle to Identify Dependability andQuality Analysis MethodsBousseta, I., Dridi, C 826

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of RAMS Activities on the Design ofRailway Tranport SystemsGhiara, T., Firpo, P., Colantuoni, P., Nicchiniello, C 832

The Decision To Launch: Perspectives on AerospaceUsesofPRAChairs-Frank, M. V.; Wu, J. S.

Nuclear Materials in Orbit: Risk and ReentryAilor, W. 840

Nuclear Source Term Evaluation for Launch Accident EnvironmentsMcCulloch. W. H. 846

An Overview of the Space Nuclear Risk Assessment and Review Process ofthe Interagency Nuclear Safety Review PanelFrank. M. V.. Pyatt, D., Lyver, J. W. 852

Applications of Expert Judgement for Risk AnalysisChairs:Cooke, R. M.; Cqjazzi, G.

Parametric Life Distributions; Technical Health and Residual LifeReinertsen, R 858

The Assessment of Experts' Weights via the Analytic Hierarchy Process:an ApplicationZio, E., Apostolakis, G. E 864

A Decisionmaking Approach in Assessing Failure Rates of Movable WaterBarriersKlaassen, D. C. M, Heins, W.. Vrijling, J. K. 870

A Combined Procedure of Two Uncertainty Analysis Methods forQantification of Source Terms Uncertainty Using MAAP3.0B CodeChun. M. H.. Han. S. J. Tak. N. I. 876

HRA in Practice-IIChairs:Furuta, T.; Pyy, P.

A Praxis Oriented Approach for a Plant Specific Human ReliabilityAnalysis - Finnish Experience from Olkiluoto NPPPyy, P., Himanen, R 882

Human Actions Analysis for the PSA Model of Shutdown Conditions atthe Go'sgenWakefield, D. J., Rao, S. B., Landolt, J. 888

A Risk-Based Approach to Human Factors Safety Analysis at Departmentof Energy FacilitiesFleger, S. A., Waters, R. hi. 894

Improving Safety at a Bulgarian Nuclear Power Plant through HumanFactors EngineeringFleger. S. A 899

Aspects of Safety CultureChairs:Cummings, G. E.; Maharik, M.

Managing Safety in a Research and Development EnvironmentCummings, G. E 905

The Safety Culture HAZOP: An Inductive and Group Based Approach toIdentifying Safety Culture VulnerabilitiesKennedy. R.. Kirwan, B 910

A Methodology for Explicit Inclusion of Organizational Factors inProbabilistic Safety AssessmentGoldfeiz, E. B., hiosleh, A 916

Quantifying the Effects of Organizational and Management Factors inChemical InstallationsPapazoglou. I. A., Aneziris. 0 922

Maintenance and SchedulingChairs:Guarro, S.; Lanore, J. M.

Maintenance Policy for a DetectorHaim, M., Porat, Z, Partom, 0 928

A Maintenance Optimisation Using Bayesian TechniquesLe Fichant, Y., Frontal, A 934

Qasar: an Assessment Framework for Project and Program Schedule RiskGuarro, S. B., Davalos, E. 942

Optimising Random Project Schedules with Safety Level ConstraintsHauge, L. H. 948

Risk Based Regulation: Applications-IlChairs:Ilderg, D.; Kaiser, G. D.

Alternative Alkylation Technologies in a Refinery - A Case Study in Risk-Based Decision MakingKaiser, G., Maher, S 954

The Application of the Concept of Societal Risk to Various Activities inthe NetherlandsVrijling.J. K., van Hengel, IV., van Maanen, S. E 960

Third Party Review of Risk Assessments and Risk Management ProgramsKazarians, hi. 967

Risk-Based SHE Management in Small and Medium Sized EnterprisesBodsberg, L, Emblem, K. 973

Uncertainty Issues and Expert JudgementChairs:Goossens, L. H. J.; Frangopol, D. M.

Procedures Guide for the Use of Expert Judgement in UncertaintyAnalysesGoossens, L. H. J., Cooke, R. M. 978

Processing of Expert Judgement Assessments into Parameter UncertaintiesKraan, B., Cooke, R. M. 986

Failure Frequency of Underground Gas Pipelines Outline of AssessmentMethod and Results Based on Historical Data and Structured ExpertJudgementCooke, R., Jager, E., Geervliet. S 992

A Bayesian Approach for Modeling Expert JudgementsPulkkinen, U., Pw, P 1000

Learning from Operating Experience-IllChairs:Minarick, J. W.; Cooper, S. E.

Combining of Risk Based Inspection and Operating Experience FeedbackVojnovic, D., Gregoric, M. 1006

The Human-System Event Classification Scheme: A Context-DrivenAnalysis Approach and Database Structure for Operational EventsCooper, S. E 1012

Canonical Correlation Analysis of the Reactor Coolant Pump (RCP) andComponent Cooling Water (CCW) SystemsGrenzebach, W. S., Marx, T. J. 1018

Early Failure of High Voltage Transformer Due to Pollution of DielectricLiquid MediumPierrot, L, Fracchia, M. 1024

Application of Simulator Data for HRAChairs :Svenson, O.; Hoi Ina gel, E.

A Contextual Approach to Systems Safety - Analysis of Decision Makingin an Accident SituationHolmberg, J., Hukki, K., Norros, L, Pulkkinen, U., Pyy, P 1030

Safety Aspects of Increased Automation of the Refuelling Process in aNuclear Power PlantJacobson Kecklund, L 1036

On the prediction of human behavior: A psychological perspectiveSvenson,0 1042

Approach to use of NPP Simulators for Human Reliability and otherPurposesSpurgin, A. J., Spurgin, J.P., Bareith, A 1048

Functional Analysis for PSAChairs.Gheorghe, A.V.;Modarres, M.

Application of Functional Modelling Methodologies to Failure Analysis ofProcess Control SystemsJalashgar, A 1054

Functional Analysis (FA) Contributions to Dependability AnalysesCoindoz.M. 1061

The Functional Analysis for the FMECA Developmenthiohafid. A., Dumon, B 1067

Functional Modeling Using Dynamic Master Logic Diagram (DMLD)Hu, Y.S., Modarres, hi. 1073

Design for Reliability and MainenainabilityChairs .Papazoglou, I.A.; Kafka, P.

Application of Two Different Methods to Accident Probabilistic Analysisof the Cassini MissionBell, S., Rudolph. K.. Bream, B.. Mulvihill, R., Smidts. C. Mosleh, A..Swaminathan, S.. Van Halle. J.Y. 1079

A New Algorithm for Fault-Trees Prime Implicants ComputationOdeh, K., Limnios, N. 1085

Reliability & Maintainability Tasks sharing among ContractorsJacquart, F. 1091

Characteristics of Monitoring Maintenance and Definition of DiagnosisSuccess RatioHorigome, hi., Kawasaki, Y. 1097

Environmental Decision MakingChairs.Kastenberg, W.E.; Apostolakis, G.E.

A Model for Assessing and Managing the Risks Associated withEnvironmental Lead EmmissionsMaxwell, R.M., Kastenberg, WE 1103

The Use of Influence Diagrams for Risk-Based Decision Evaluation ofEnvironmental Restoration Programs Involving Multiple StakeholdersBell, D. C, Apostolakis, G., Kastenberg, W. E 1109

A Non-Linear System for Inclusive Decision Making in TechnologicalDevelopmentHarper, M., Novidor, A., Hauser, G., Kastenberg, W. E 1115

Environmental Risk Assessment and Management: Towards an IntegratedApproachChristou.M.D 1121

Analysis of Critical Software-IChairs:Guarro, S.; Bourgade, E.

Dynamic Flowgraph Methodology' (DFM) for Safety Analysis of CriticalControl SoftwareYau.M.K, Guarro.S 1127

Application of a Model-Based Software Failure Taxonomy to the Analysisof System Failure EventsJackson, T. O., McDemid, J. A., Wand, I. C, Morales, E. R., Wilikens. M. 1133

Reverse Tranformation of Normed Source Code: Development of a Tool toDemonstrate the Functional Equivalence of Normed Source Code with itsSpecificationMiedl.H 1139

Safety Analysis Techniques in the Application and Software DomainCepin, N.. Mavko, B 1145

Computational Methods-IChairs:Izquierdo, J. M.; Cho, N. Z.

An Efficient Algorithm for Complexity Measures of Large Systems Basedon the Disjoint Set MethodJung, S. W., Cho, N. Z. 1151

Risk-Based Performance Analysis Using MEMORESHadavi, M. H., Modarres, M., Fakory, M. R 1157

Development and Implementation of a Real-Time Operational SafetyMonitoring System at the Dukovany WER/440 V-213 Nuclear PowerPlant in the Czech RepublicPuglia, W.J., Veleba, A., Dusek, J. 1165

Application of the STARS Code to Reliability and Safety Analyses ofRailway VehiclesBruno, P., Vivalda, C 1173

Advances in Human Reliability Modelling-IIChairs:Orvis, D.; Spurgin, A. J.

A Method for Human Reliability Data Collection and AssessmentStrater.0 1179

Development of Simulation Based Evaluation Support System for Man-Machine Interface Design: SEAMAID SystemNakagawa, T., Nakatani, Y.. Yoshikawa, //., Takahashi, M., Furuta, T,Hasegawa, A 1185

Treatment of Human Factors for Safety Improvements at the Paks NuclearPower PlantBareith, A., Hollo, E., Borbely, S., Spurgin, A. J. 1191

Application of Simulator Data to an On-line Dynamic Risk ManagementSystemOrvis, D. D., Joksimovich, V. 1197

External EventsChairs:Ho, V.; Bari, R. A.

Simplified Modelling of Fire Impact from Spot of Flammable Liquid intoCompartment in the Frame of Fire Risk Assessment by Response SurfaceMethodologyArgirov.J. 1205

Lessons Learned from U. S. Nuclear Power Plant Fire IncidentsHo, V. S., Paxton. K. R 1211

Flood Risk Assessment of Loviisa NPPJankala, K. E. , Mohsen, B.. Vaurio, J. K. 1217

A Simplified Approach to the Estimation of Seismic Core DamageFrequencies from a Seismic Margins Methods AnalysisSherry, R 1223

Reliability and Risk Assessment Applications for HardwareChairs:Arueti, S.; Procaccia, H.

Reliability Assessment for a Climbing Robot for Harsh EnvironmentsIncluding Strong Gamma RadiationChristensen, P., Lauridsen, K 1229

Reliability Analysis of a Ventilation System with the CAMERA SoftwareTombuyses, B., Arien, B 1235

Fighter's Ejection System Risk AnalysisGrossman, Y., Arueti, S 1241

COMRADE: Compressed Reliability DeterminationLeFichant, Y. 1247

Risk Perception Versus Risk Analysis-IChairs:Okrent, D.; Garrick, B. J.

Risk Perception Research Program and Applications: Have They ReceivedEnough Peer Review?Okrent.D 1255

Why does Risk Assessment need Risk Perception Research?Pidgeon.N. 1261

Integrating Technical Analysis and Public Values in Risk-Based DecisionMakingBohnenblust. IL, Slovic. P l 2 6 7

Stigmatism. Risk Perception, and TruthGarrick, B. J 1275

Bayesian MethodsChairs:Papazoglou, I. A.; Atwood. C. L.

Bayesian Treatment of Uncertainty in Classifying Data: Two Case StudiesAtwood. C. L, Gentillon. C. D 1 2 8 3

Bayesian Analysis of General Failure Data from an Ageing Distribution:Advances in Numerical MethodsClarotti, C. A., Procaccia. II. Villain, B 1 2 8 9

Bayesian Approaches to Reliability Growth ModellingWilson, J. G., Chu, T. S 1295

Uncertainty and Inference Foundation in DesignAntona.E 1301

HRA at the Turning Point?Chairs:Hollnagel, E.; Wreathall, J. W.

HRA At The Turning Point?Hollnagel, E., Wreathall, J 1309

' Risk Issues for Soviet-Designed ReactorsChairs:Stamatelatos, M.; Hollo, E.

Risk Issues for WWER440/V213 Reactors of Bohunice NPP andRegulatory Approach for Safety ImprovementsMisak.J...'. .'. 1312

Selecting Safety Projects to Reduce the Risks of Soviet-Designed ReactorsDodd.L 1314

Overview of Selected USNRC Regulatory Assistance Topics to Centrl andEastern European (CEE) CountriesSchechter.H. 1316

Risk Studies of Kursk NPP Unit 1 and 3Islamov.R. T. 1319

Risk-Based Safety Enhancement Measures at Paks NPP (WER-440/213)Hollo. E 1324

Management and RiskSteinberg, N. 1326

Common Cause and DependenciesChairs:Mosleh. A. M ; Vasseur, D.

Plan for an International Common Cause Failure Data Exchange Project(ICDE)Johanson, G., Werner, W. 1331

Mapping of Component Dependencies for the Analysis of External EventsKnochenhauer, M. 1336

A Probabilistic Model for Dependent Components in Series SystemsReliabilityIdee, E., Bacha, hi, Celeux, G., Lannoy, A. Vasseur, D 1342

>to Risk Based Regulation: Statistical MethodsChairs:Karydas, D. M.; Stavrianidis, P.

Automatic Synthesis of Markov ModelsHoutermans, M. J. hi., Nieiiwenhuizen, J. A'., Brombacher, A. C 1348

A Scenario Based Approach for Overall Safety Evaluation of ProcessControl and Safety SystemsBodsberg, L, Hokstad, P., Onshus, T. 1355

Inspection, Testing and Repair/Replace (ITR) Policies as a Part ofReliability Certification for Programmable Electronic (PE) SystemsStavrianidis, P 1361

Prediction and Verification of Statistical Product Behaviour Applied to theSatinelle III EpilatorWolbert, P. hi, Caric, D. S., Brombacher, A. C 1367

Analysis of Critical Software-IIChairs:Saglietti, F.; Bourgade, E.

Difficulties to Evaluate the Dependability of Safety-critical Systems:Investigation on How to Combine Some EvidenceLittlewood, B., Sorel, V., Bourgade, E., Kuntzmann-Combelles, A 1373

Dependability of Numerical Instrumentation and Control Systems: State ofthe Art in Evaluation MethodsAllain-Morin, G., Bourgade, E., Sorel, V. 1379

PSA to Support the Design of Software ArchitectureSaglietti.F. 1386

Reliability/Availability Analysis Methods-IIChatrs:Dutuit, Y.; Lydcrscn, S.

Reliability Evaluation of Large Weibull SystemsKolowrocki, K. 1392

Reliability' Evaluation of Hierarchical Systems of any OrderCichocki.A 1398

Reliability' Estimation of Large Scale Systems Composed of Componentswith any Reliability FunctionsKurowicka.D '. 1404

Reliability Estimation of Large Series-Parallel Systems with AssistingComponentsKwiatuszewska-Samecka, B 1410

PSA Methods in Transport SystemsChairs:Evans, M. G. K.; Hessel, P.

Hazards Analysis for the B-52H Bomber Nuclear Weapons ElectricalEnvironments Risk AssessmentBrackett, J. V., Rodriguez, G., Johnson, D. II., Emerson, M. A., Eide, S. A.,Fattor, D. A., Riedl, L. J., Stewart, D. B., Keyser, R. C, Youngman, J. A 1416

Scenario-Based Probabilistic Safety Assessment Techniques forAutomobiles and TrucksLiming, J. K, Loh, W. T., Donelson, A. C 1422

Process Risk Analysis on Ariane 5 Launcher Application on the SolidRocket MotorMartino, N., Beurtey, X. 1428

Poisson Regression Model of Rail Tanker Loss of LadingSaccomatmo, F. F, Ghaeli, hi. R 1436

- Reliability PredictionChairs:Bacivarov, I.; Bedford, T.

Improving Reliability Estimates Based on Generic DataKozin, I., Lauridsen, K. 1444

Estimation of the Average Rate of Occurrence of FailuresHaugen, K., Hokstad. P., Langseth, II 1452

Modeling and Analysis of Heterogeneity in Repairable Systems DataLindqvist, B 1458

A Synergetic Approach to Reliability PredictionBazu, M., Bacivarov, I., Balme, L 1464

PRA Based Decision MakingChairs:Murphy, J. A.; Kaufer, B.

Plant Management Advisor System (PMAS): An Architecture forPerforming Diagnostic Reasoning and Decision Support in Plant ProcessManagementMilici, A., Guarro, S 1470

Advanced Risk Management System (ARMS): Cost Reduction throughBetter Safety ManagementSeridji, A., Pate-Cornell, M. E., Regan, P. J. 1476

An Algorithm for Determining the Most Reliable Path of a DistributionNetworkNikolovski, S., Fisher, D., hiajdandzic, F., Mikulicic, V. 1482

Improvements and Traceability of a PSA to Help Applications andDecision MakingMagne, L., Pesme, H. 1487

(i Data Collection and ManagementChairs:Gheorghe, A. V.; Kazarians, M.

Nuclear Power Plant Reliability Database Managementhieslin, T., Aufort, P 1494

The EDF Failure Reporting System - Contribution and ProspectsLannoy, A 1500

Collection of Plant-Specific Failure and Maintenance Data to Support PSARao, S. B., Johnson, D. H, Dykes, A. A 1506

Reliability of High Energy Piping. A Research Project to Establish NewLOCA Classification & FrequenciesNyman, R., Erixon, S., Tomic, B., Lydell, B 1512

' Reliability/Availability Analysis Methods-IllChairs:Ortiz, N.; Aldemir, T.

Reliability Predictive Analysis for Ship Electric Propulsion SystemFracchia, hi, Pierrot, L 1518

Study of modeling Intersystem dependencies in NPPNiwa, Y., Sugiyama, N. 1524

SigmaPi-Patrec: a Fast Algorithm for Calculating Exact Value of Top-EventsBhat, J. K.. Heger, A. S., Stack, D. IF., Talbott, D. V, Wyss, G. D 1530

Comparison between State Graphs and Fault Trees for Sequential andReparable SystemsSoussan, D.,Saignes, P., Collet, J 1535

Dynamic ReliabilityChairs:Matsuoka, T.; Aldemir, T.

Dynamic PSA of Process Control Systems via Continuous Cell-to-CellMappingTombuyses, B., Aldemir, T. 1541

An Analysis of a Dynamic System by the GO-FLOW MethodologyMatsuoka, T, Kobayashi. M. 1547

Automatical Fault Trees Generation on Dynamic SystemsLajeunesse, S., Hutinet, T, Signoret, J. P 1553

New Techniques for the Application of Dynamic Event Trees to theInteraction between Electric Grids and Generating StationsIzquierdo J. hi, Sdnchez-Perea, A/., Hortal, J., Melendez, E 1560

QRA Methods and Computer Codes-IChairs:Mosleh, A. M ; Talbott, D. V.

DIAGSYS Computer Aided Diagnosis From Functional AnalysisArbaretier.E 1566

Use of Quantitative Hazards Analysis to Evaluate Risk Associated with USDepartment of Energy Nuclear Explosive OperationsFischer, S. R., O'Brien D. A., Martinez, J., LeDoux, M. 1572

Development of a Parametric Containment Event Tree Model for a SevereBWR Accident: a Pilot StudyOkkonen, T., Niemela, I. A/., Sandberg, J., Virolainen, R. K. 1578

Study of Quantitative Safety Assessment for Non-Catastrophic EventsNiwa, Y., Sakata, K., Kojima, S., Adachi, K., Sakihama, T. 1584

Risk Assessment and RAMS Decision Support Methods forSpace ApplicationsChairs:Ferrante, M.; Lloyd, J.

Pilot Application of Sneak Analysis on Computer Controlled SatelliteEquipmentDore. B., Norstrom, J. 1590

Risk as a Resource - A New ParadigmGreenfield, hi. A., Gindorf, T. E 1597

Choice of RAMS-Analyses to Optimize the Efficiency of RiskManagement in Space ProgrammesCuljkovic, M., von Guerard, B 1605

Reliability Considerations in the Mission Architecture of the Micro-Meteorological Mission to MarsFrank, hi V., Silke, K 1613

Risk Based Regulation: Verification of Non-ProliferationChairs:Kyriakopoulos, N.; Wakefield, D. J.

Reliability and Risk Procedures for Prioritization of Inland NavigationNeedsLeggett.M.A 1619

The Application of Probabilistic Safety Assessment Techniques in NuclearWeapon System Safety AssessmentBrackett, J. V, Crews, J. P., Talbott, D. V, Emerson, hi A., FilacchioneH. E.,Fuller, W. R., Ho, V. S., Johnson, D. H., Naassan, K. hi. Wakejield. D.,Eide, S. A., Fattor, D. A., Riedl, L 1625

Nuclear Material Verification From Guidelines to Implementation:Lessons LearnedSellinschegg, D 1631

Evaluation of Trade-offs Among Costs and Benefits of Safeguards,Security, Confidence-Building and Verification Measures, andNonproliferation and Arms-Control ObjectivesHomsy, R. V, Handler, F. 1637

Modelling of Physical Phenomena for Risk-1Chairs.Park, C. K.; Cazzoli, E.

Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Loss of Shutdown Cooling System EventDuring Midloop Operation in Pressurized Water ReactorsSon, Y. S., Park, J. H, Kim, T. W., Jin, Y. H. 1642

Inherent Cooling of Debris in Reactor Vessel and its Implications forSevere Accident ManagementSuit, K. Y., Bang, K. //., Park, C. K. 1648

Passive Safety Concepts Applied to High Consequence OperationsSpray, S. D 1654

Identifying New Failure Modes for an Advanced Reactor DesignSiu, N., Blackman, H. S., Tortorelli, J.P., Khericha, S, Douglass, W.R 1660

Ariane 5: Ariane Reliability StudiesChairs:Bianchi, S.; Prcyssl, C.

Risk-Based Evaluation of Launch Vehicle Propulsion System DesignsGerez, L., Maggio, G 1666

Ariane 5 Vulcain Engine Reliability Demonstration. Analysis of DataCollected during DevelopmentBaudet, J. P., Biatwhi, S 1672

Increase in Ariane's ReliabilityLefort.E " 1680

Reliability Prediction on Ariane 5 Pyrotcchnical devices using theHardened Test MethodBeurtey.X. 1688

Structural Reliability Estimation/AnalysisChairs-.Schueller, G. I.; Kurisaka, K,

Guidelines for Factors of Safety for Aerospace StructuresKlein, hi, Schueller, G. I., Esnault, P 1696

Structural Reliability of Water MainsCamarinopoulos, L., Chatzoulis, A., Frontistou- Yannas, S., Kallidromitis, V. 1702

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Beam Structures though DynamicInspectionRuotolo, R., Surace, C 1708

LMFR Piping Reliability Analysis Using Probabilistic Fracture MechanicsKurisaka, K, K'akai, R 1714

QRA Methods and Computer Codes-IIChairs:Camarinopoulos, L.; Lambright, J. A.

The Effect of Time Dependent on Tolerable Down Times in the Context ofa PSABecker, G., Camarinopoulos, L 1720

Safety Monitor Modeling of a Level II/III PSAHenneke, D. W., Fulford, P. J 1726

Statistical treatment of competing failure modesBedford, T. 1733

Probabilistic Modeling of Propagating ExplosionsLuck, L. B., Eisenhower, S. W., Bolt, T. F. 1739

Reliability Based MaintenanceChairs:Holl6, E.; Senni, S.

A New Montccarlo Method for Reliability Centered MaintenanceImprovementRighini, R., Bottazzi, .•!., Duhi, A., Fichera, C, Gandini. A., Kladias, If..Simonot. If. 1745

A Cost-Effective RCM Policy for Periodically Inspected Equipment ItemsZule, M. \'.. Bluvband, Z. M. 1753

Follow-up Maintenance Effectiveness within a Reliability CenteredMaintenance Living ProgramMartorell, S., Serradell, V, Sanchez, A., Munos, A., Roldan, G., Sola, A 1759

Heterogeneity of Wcibull SamplesVatn.J. 1765

Risk Perception Versus Risk Analysis-IIChairs:Okrent, D.; Garrick, B. J.

Risk Perception, Safety Goals and Regulatory Decision-MakingHoegberg.L 177]

Risk Perception Versus Performance Assessment Products: Improving theBalance for the Management of Nuclear Waste in the United StatesNorth, D. W. 1777

The Role of Risk Perception and Technical Information in ScientificDebates over Nuclear Waste StorageJenkins-Smith, H. C, Silva. C.L 1783

Atmospheric ModellingChairs:Kaiser, G. D.; Petcrscn, K. E.

Issues in the Estimation of Risk from the Atmospheric Dispersion andConsequence Modeling of Hydrofluoric AcidChhibberS., Kaiser, G. D 1788

A Rapid Interpretation of Risks with Gas - CloudsBiitzer.P 1793

Improving Model QualityPetersen.K.E 1799

Realistic Modelling of Toxic Gas Releases for Risk AssessmentGilham, S., Deaves, D. A/., Hall. R. C, Lines, I. G., Porter, S. R., Carter, D. A 1804

Decision Analysis in Risk ManagementChairs:Preyssl, C ; Fragola, J. R.

Design Decisions and Risk: Engineering ApplicationsFragola, J. R 1811

Decision Analysis. Risk Research and Risk Assessment: An IntegratedApproach for Risk ManagementSchmid.S.E ' 8 1 7

Risk Assessment as a Decision Making Support for Satellite DevelopmentFerrante, M., Foltran, D 1823

Integrated Risk - Uncertainty Analysis for the European Space AgencyBischoff K., Cooke, R. M. " '830

PSA Studies/AppIications-IVChairs:Kondo, S.; Schmocker, U.

Consequence Analysis of Trans-Boundary Impacts of Nuclear PowerPlants AccidentsSynodinou, B. hi 1836

An Assessment of the Risk-Impact of Reactor Power Upgrade for a BWR-6MARK-III PlantSchmocker, U., Khatib-Rahbar, M., Cazzoli, E. G., Kuritzky, A 1842

Prediction of the Large-Scale Accidents in Construction IndustryHanayasu, S., Tang, W. T. 1848

Application of Risk Assessment Results in the Development of RBMKEmergency Operating InstructionsMcKay, S. L 1854

Risk Analysis for the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant (Unit 5)Iordanov.I.D 1860

Reliability/Availability Analysis Methods-IVChairs:Kafka, P.; Wu, J. S.

Analysis of a System with Stochastic Reliability StructureKorczak.E. 1866

Reliability of a Water Supply NetworkCamarinopoulos, L, Pampoukis, G., Preston, N. 1872

System Failure Analysis Based on Energy Flow Concept Model - A BondGraph Approach -Kohda, T., Inoue, K 1878

Where we are in Living PSA and Risk Monitoring?Kafka, P., Gromann, A 1884

Risk Based Land Use PlanningChairs:Ale, B. J. M.; Volta, G.

UK Risk Criteria for Siting of Hazardous Installations and Development intheir VicinityCassidy, K. 1892

Risk Assessment for Land-Use Planning Purposes in the European UnionSmeder. hi. Christou, A/., Best. S 1899

Land Use Planning as a Risk Management Tool for Hazardous Waste SitesKatsumata, P. T., Kastenberg, W. E 1905

Zoning Instruments for Major Accident PreventionAle. B. J. hi, Laheij, G. hi If., Uijt de Haag, P. A. hi. 1911

Modelling of Physical Phenomena for Risk-IIChairs:Spray, S. D.; Islamov, R. T.

Deterministic Process Modeling Using Analytical-Statistical SimulationMethodIslamov, R. T. 1917

A Probabilistic Assessment of Ex-Vessel Steam Explosion-InducedContainment Failure for a BWR/MARK-III PlantEsmaili, II., Cazzoli. E. G., Khatib-Rahhar, M, Meyer, P., Schmocker, U. 1923

Assessment of Phenomcnological Uncertainties in Space Nuclear PowerMissionsFrank, hi. V. 1929

A Probabilistic Security Risk Assessment Methodology for Quantificationof Risk to the PublicStephens, D., Futterman, J. A., Parziale. A.A., Randazzo, A., ilarshawsky, A. S 1935

Computational Methods-IIChairs:Sato, Y.; Cho, N. Z.

A Comprehensive Method to Speed up Generalised Stochastic Petri NetMonte Carlo Simulation for Non-Markovian SystemsPerez, D., Gamier, R., Chevalier, M, Signoret, J. P 1941

Computing Network Reliability with Reseda and AraliaDutuit, Y., Rauzy, A., Signoret, J. P 1947

Efficient, Exact Calculation of the Reliability of Combinational CircuitsHolmatm.E., Tyler G. L, Linscott I. R 1953

The Design of Hazard-Control Systems and its PSA for AdvancedMcchatronicsSato, Y 1959

Integrating Regional EHS Risk AssessmentChairs:Ghcorghe, A. V.; Camarinopoulos. L.

Accident Consequence Analysis In Chemical Installations UsingSOCRATESAneziris, O., Papazoglou, I. A., Bonanos, G., Christou, M. 1965

Visual Interactive Decision Modeling in Regional Safety ManagementBeroggi, G 1971

Employing Fuzzy Logic into Regional Risk Assessment and SafetyManagementGheorghe, A. V, Mock, R 1977

Integrated Health and Environmental Risk Assessment in Kuwait - A CaseStudyElDesouky, A/., Al-Shatti, A 1983

Risk Based Regulation: Applications-HIChairs: Apostolakis, G. E.; Brown, M. L.

Review and Regulator)' use of PSAs for Belgian Nuclear Power PlantsDeGelder, P.. DeSmet.F., Gryffroy. D., DeBoeck, B 1988

The Assessment of PSA Studies Within UK Nuclear Chemical Plant SafetyCasesGibson, IK. 1994

The Quality of Management of Safety in Relation to Maintenance in DutchMajor Hazard Plants: Audit and Survey Results and AnalysesRodenbttrg, F., Heming, B., van Leeuwen, D., Smit, K., Hale, A 2000

Regulatory Approaches to Probabilistic Safely Assessment, anInternational PerspectiveFrescura, G.M. , Calvo, J., Yllera, J., Kaufer, B 2006

Risk Management for Space SystemsChairs:Fragola, J. R.; Bianchi, S.

The Use of Importance Measures as Design Parameters for Satellite'sPropulsion SystemAnteti.S .'. 2012

Space Shuttle Probabilistic Risk AssessmentFragola, J . R 2017

Competence Evaluation in Risk ManagementWright, J., Lindgren, R 2024

European Space Agency Program for Risk Assessment & ManagementPreyssl, C 2030

Data Collection and QuantificationChairs:Procaccia, H.; Patev, R. C.

Physical Data Collection for Reliability Models using Time-Lapse VideoMonitoringPatev, R. C 2036

J. Bohunice V-2 NPP PSA Data Collection and QuantificationCillik, /., Markech, B 2042

A New ISO Standard: "Collection of Reliability and Maintenance Data forEquipment"Martinsen, A., Sandtorv, if. A 2048

Analytical Error: 14 Different ProcessesWilson, J. R., Alber, T. G, Jacobson, J. J. 2055

PSA Studies/Applications-VChairs:Bonano, E. J.; Wilson, D.

Experiences in Applying PSA Methods - the Brunsbiittcl PSA and theRISA+ SystemLudena, C, Hussels, U., Behr, A 2060

Application of the EOOS Monitor at River Bend Station to Assess On-LincMaintenance and Shutdown RiskHambriceK., Bedell L, Gough, W. 2066

Reactor Safety Assessment System: Summary of Methods and ExperienceMarksbeny, D., Modarres, hi, Ballard, T., Krivtsov, V. 2072

Application of PSA Technique to the PWR PlantNarumiya. Y., Sakai, K. 2079

Reliability Based Code for Scuffing of Marine Gear TransmissionsDahlet; G., Sandberg, E., Skjong, R 2085

Computational Methods-IllChairs:Dcvooght, J. E.; Smidts, C.

Computing Some Reliability Characteristics of Components with RandomInspectionsBecker, G., Behr, A 2093

Application of Two Generic Availability Allocation Methods to a Real LifeExampleBouissou, M, Brizec, C 2099

Interval Calculations Technique as Universal Methodology for DynamicSystems Uncertainties DescriptionKrymsky. V G., Ktymsky, Y. G 2105

Probabilistic Dynamics: Development of Quasi-Optimal Monte CarloStrategiesDeLuca, P., Smidts, C 2111

Risk Based PrioritisationChairs:Ortiz, N.; Bonano, E. J.

Risk Assessment: A Defensible Foundation for EnvironmentalManagement Decision MakingBonano, E. J.. Peil, K. hi. 2117

Risk-Based Vehicular-Fire- Hazard Prioritization for a Multi-Facility PlantWinfield, D. J. 2123

The Problem of the Valuation of a Human Lifevan Manen. S. E., Vrijling, J. K. 2129

Assessment of Feasibility in Implementing Accident ManagementStrategies Using Dynamic MethodsJae, hi, Kim, J. II., Park, G. C, Chung, C. II. 2135

Expert System in Reliability AnalysisChairs:Marseguerra, M.; Dutuit, Y.

Reliability Analysis by Means of Expert Systems: a Powerful Tool toCompare Different Design SolutionsMosso, A., Sobrero, G., Carpignano, A 2141

Application of Neural Network Module for ATRD Decision SupportSystem of NPPPetkov, G., Doytchinov, S 2147

Two Approaches to Analyse a Sequential, non Coherent and LoopedSystemBouissou, hi., Dutuit, Y. 2153

Knowledge Elicitation from a Trained Neural NetworkMarseguetra, hi, Padovani, E 2159

Risk Based Regulation: Issues Facing the RegulatorChairs:Thompson, B.; Apostolakis, G. E.

Some Issues Affecting the Regulatory' Assessment of Long-Term Post-Closure Risks from Underground Disposal of Radioactive WastesThompson, B. G. J., Smith, R. E., Porter, I. 2166

Risk-Informed Regulation - Issues and Prospects for its Use in ReactorRegulation in the USAThadani, A., Murphy, J. A 2172

The Probability of Future Human Actions Affecting a GeologicalRepository for Nuclear Wastes: Developing a Model that IncorporatesInformation Science and Historical PerspectivesSumerling, T.J., Oldfield, S., Jenkinson, J., Woo., Bussell, M. 2178

Cultural Theory of Safety: a Proposal of Toward-Zero-Risk Concept forRegulating Nuclear FacilitiesChoD. H., Hwang. W. G 2185

c\ > Risk Perception vs Risk Analysis-IllChairs:Hoegberg, L.; Bari, R. A.

On Risk Acceptance and Risk InterpretationAven, T, Nja, O., Rettedal, W. 2191

Issues in Risk Perception and Communication of Importance to aRegulator: Results of an International Seminar Sponsored by HMIPGalson, D. A., Wilmot, R. D., Kemp, R. V. 2197

A Survey on the Perception of Technological Risks and Public Acceptanceof Nuclear EnergyPark.C. K. '. 2203

Changing Attitudes Toward Risk in a Competitive Utility IndustryMacris, A. C, Wos, T. G 2209

Environmental and Health EffectsChairs:Budnitz, R. J; Fthenakis, V.

Limiting Error Propagation in Probabilistic Risk Assessment:Methylmercury as an ExampleLipfert, F. W.. Fthenakis. V. A/., Moskowitz, P. D., Sarojf. L 2215

Probabilistic Assessment of the Health Risks of Air PollutionLipfert. F. W., Wyzga, R. E 2221

Impact/Risk Integration Methodology for Application in the NEPA ProcessLambright. J. A.. Day. hi. L 2227

A Stochastic Risk Assessment Model for Estimating the Non-CarcinogenicRisks Associated with Exposure to Smog Pollution, in the City of Athens.GreeceKefalas.P 2233

Use of the GEM Code for Event AssessmentSmith. C. L. Schroeder, J. 2241

Author Index 2247