Priyanka TripuraneniNgan Cao03/02/09

An angiosperm is a flowering plant. It has three basic organs, the roots, stems, and leaves. Angiosperms are either monocots or dicots. They have three types of tissue: dermal, vascular, and

ground tissue. They are composed of three different types of cells:

parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. All angiosperms carry out photosynthesis, which normally

takes place in the leaves. Xylem and phloem are the two types of vascular tissue

that transport food, minerals, and water to different parts of the plant.

Algae, Mosses, Ferns, and Gymnosperms are not Angiosperms.

Monocots DicotsEmbryo with single cotyledon Embryo with two cotyledons

Flower parts in multiples of three Flower parts in multiples of five

Fibrous root system Taproot system

Major leaf veins are parallel Major leaf veins are net-veined

Scattered vascular bundles Ringed vascular bundles

• The roots use nutrients and sugar imported from processes taking place in the shoot system.

• The shoots use water and minerals absorbed from the roots.

•Therefore, the root and shoot systems cannot live without the other.

•The shoot system consists of stems and leaves and it functions to serve as a site for plant growth and perform photosynthesis.

•Roots anchor the plant, absorb minerals and water, and store food for the plant.

Taproots Fibrous Roots

Made of a mat of thin roots that expand below the soil

Made of one taproot that branches into smaller roots below the soil

Extends exposure to minerals and water

Stores food in great quantities

Provides very strong anchorage Provides easier access to sources of water

Used primarily by monocots Used primarily by dicots

Stolons RhizomesGrow on ground surface Grow underground

Common in strawberry plants Common in ginger plants

Both stolons and rhizomes help a plant inhabit large areas by asexual reproduction (budding).

• Plant cells undergo cell division.• Most cells have the ability to divide and differentiate into other types of plant cells. •The zone of cell division is composed of the apical meristem and primary meristems.• The zone of elongation is where the cells grow and elongate.• The zone of maturation is where the cells specialize in structure and function.

Parenchyma Cells

Collenchyma Cells

Thin and flexible primary walls Thick primary walls

Lack secondary walls Lack secondary walls

Perform metabolic functions Help support young parts of the plant shoot

Synthesize organic products Provide support without restraining growth

Fibers SclereidsElongate cells with tapered ends Forms durable layers

Long thick walled cells Relatively short

Considerable strength Secondary wall

Occurs in strands or bundles Can form tubes

Both functions are to strengthen and support components of the plant.

Tracheids Vessel Elements

Allows water to flow from different cells

Forms long tubes

Long and thin with tapered ends Relatively wider, shorter, and thinner

Spindle shaped Aligned end to end

Water Conducting

Cells

Sieve Tube Members

Includes tracheids and vessel elements

Chain of cells that form tubes

Allow water to flow between different cells

Transport sucrose, organic compounds, and mineral ions

Allows waters to travel laterally Lack nucleus, ribosomes, and distinct vacuole

http://www.kew.org/science/directory/teams/MonocotsI/images/MonocotsI.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/monocots_1.gif http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5847730/1154671576230af0a7a1-main_Full.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=

http://users.hfcc.edu/~jkelly/images/botany/flower/tulip.jpg&imgrefurl=http://users.hfcc.edu/~jkelly/classes/bio_131/labs/flower.htm&usg=___STckcJacxdAwr68NFJqZJQX6MA=&h=427&w=360&sz=21&hl=en&start=45&itbs=1&tbnid=P274wpX8n6LM8M:&tbnh=126&tbnw=106&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmonocot%2Bflowers%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1

http://www.geneburch.com/gallery/d/1491-3/Orange_Lilies.jpg http://facweb.furman.edu/~lthompson/bgy34/plantanatomy/whole_plant.htm http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/DICOTS.gif http://www.carto.net/neumann/travelling/japan_2004_09/04_kyoto_2004_09_12/29_rice_plant.jpg http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_15/22_68B.GIF http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flowers/images/magnolia_grandiflora.jpg http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/magnolia_copeland_court.jpg http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/content/images/2007/09/07/big_oak3_300x400.jpg http://www.wallawalla.edu/campus-life/spiritual-life/gallery/albums/garden-2005/361_marigolds.jp

g http://www.enflower.org/entry/blueberries-for-beauty-and-taste/ http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html http://www.uamont.edu/facultyweb/fawley/Principles%20of%20BiologyI/ch%2035-outline.pdf http://books.google.com/books?

id=ujV6kTdFz8EC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=structure+and+function+sclerenchyma+fibers+and+sclereids&source=bl&ots=7wuSmoffxm&sig=w-ZokzaxIEBgVbs3o9gLIA1hoaA&hl=en&ei=DbyOS8bDC82ztgfazc2JCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBIQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=

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