Prior to the Spanish-American War, which country was the leading imperialistic power?
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Prior to the Spanish-American War, which country was the leading imperialistic power? –The leading imperialist power claimed, “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”
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Prior to the Spanish-American War, which country was the leading imperialistic power?. The leading imperialist power claimed, “ The sun never sets on the British Empire .”. Acquiring Hawaii. 4,000 miles east of the Philippines - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Prior to the Spanish-American War, which country was the leading imperialistic power?
Prior to the Spanish-American War, which country was the leading imperialistic power?
–The leading imperialist power claimed,
“The sun never sets on the British Empire.”
Acquiring Hawaii
• 4,000 miles east of the Philippines• Strategic location for US to get to trade with
China and business opportunities
The beginning of the end of the monarchy in Hawaii….
• King Kalakauam had attempted to restrict American influence in Hawaii in 1886
• The secret Hawaiian League aimed to overthrow the monarchy
• In 1887 forced to sign a new constitution
• 1891 died.
“Bayonet Constitution”*Monarch only a figurehead
*limited right of native Hawaiians to hold office
*same year Pearl Harbor becomesUS naval base
• Attempted to rewrite the constitution
•Lili’uokalani -- Queen in 1891
January 16, 1893• 4 boatloads of
armed US Marines came ashore in Honolulu
• Jan. 17, 1893, Queen Lili’uokalani surrendered at gunpoint
• Provisional government petitioned the US to annex Hawaii
• Hawaii was annexed through a joint resolution of the US Congress in 1898.
• Hawaii US Statehood1959
Cuba• Along with
Puerto Rico, last of the Spanish colonies in the late 1800s
“Yellow Journalism”Style of journalism-sensationalism to “sell”
The Yellow Kid Comic
WilliamRandolph
Hearst
…You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war...
“Remember the Maine! And to hell with Spain!”
“The Splendid Little War”
• 1st “press-driven” war
• First battles fought not in Cuba but in the Spanish-held Philippine Islands.
The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling
• Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.
Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain.
The ‘Real White Man’s Burden’ by Ernest Howard Crosby
• Take up the White Man's burden; – Send forth your sturdy sons,
• And load them down with whisky – And Testaments and guns.
• Throw in a few diseases – To spread in tropic climes,
• For there the healthy niggers – Are quite behind the times.
• And don't forget the factories. – On those benighted shores
• They have no cheerful iron-mills – Nor eke department stores.
• They never work twelve hours a day, – And live in strange content,
• Altho they never have to pay – A single cent of rent.
• Take up the White Man's burden, – And teach the Philippines
• What interest and taxes are – And what a mortgage means.
• Give them electrocution chairs, – And prisons, too, galore,
• And if they seem inclined to kick, – Then spill their heathen gore.
• They need our labor question, too, – And politics and fraud,
• We've made a pretty mess at home; – Let's make a mess abroad.
• And let us ever humbly pray – The Lord of Hosts may deign
• To stir our feeble memories, – Lest we forget -- the Maine.
• Take up the White Man's burden; – To you who thus succeed
• In civilizing savage hoards – They owe a debt, indeed;
• Concessions, pensions, salaries, – And privilege and right,
• With outstretched hands you raise to bless – Grab everything in sight.
• Take up the White Man's burden, – And if you write in verse,
• Flatter your Nation's vices – And strive to make them worse.
• Then learn that if with pious words – You ornament each phrase,
• In a world of canting hypocrites – This kind of business pays.
Spain begins to lose the war!
America goes to war…
• Filipino patriot Emilio Aguinaldo along with American troops captured Manila
Meanwhile in Cuba…
• Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders capture San Juan Hill
• Led to the capture of Santiago and surrender of Spain
Spain’s loss….• Cuba granted
independence• Puerto Rico and
Guam ceded to the US
• Gave up control of the Philippines in return for a US payment of $20 million
…Gain for the United States
• President Mc Kinley
Now, what do we do with the Philippines?
The debate over annexation…• Pro arguments• Commercial and naval
reasons• Bring democracy to
the Philippines• To keep out European
powers!• America is there to
protect!
• Con arguments• Violates ideals of the
Declaration of Independence!
• Filipinos did not want the US there.
• Racist attitude: Filipinos were unassimilable
If American troopsattempt to take forcible possession weWill go to war. Upon their heads will be all the blood which may be shed
• General OtisCommander of US
Fighting having begun, must go to the grim end.
By the War’s end for America….
• three years later in 1902• 126,500 American troops served• 4,234 died• 2,800 were wounded• at a cost of $400,000,000.
For the Filipinos…• Concentration camp policy had been
implemented in 1901 (like the Spanish had done in Cuba)
•18,000 killed in combat
• Approximately 200,000 died of famine and disease as American soldiers burned villages, destroyed crops and livestock
Philippine Government Act*Philippines would be ruled by a Governor and 2-House Legislator*William Howard Taft 1st governor
Jones Act of 1916*Gave Filipinos right to elect both houses of their LegislatureIndependence would have to wait until Congress declared that “a stable government” had been established.”
•Philippines do not gain independence until 1946
The Boxer Rebellion
America, China and the Open Door Policy
• China had experienced foreign invasions throughout the 19th century.
• Modern weapons put China at the mercy of foreign countries.
BACKGROUND
•Tsu Hsi, empress dowager of the Ch’ing Dynasty attempted to rid China of the foreign “parasites.”
“Spheres of Influence”• Austria,
• France, • Germany, • Great Britain, • Italy,• Japan, • and Russia all claimed exclusive tradingrights to certain parts of China.
From the Philippines….to
China• From the Philippines, United States only 400
miles from China• United States businessmen wanted to take
advantage of China’s vast resources• So, the United States was looking for a way in!
Since public opinion had been strained by the Philippines War, I will negotiate with the other foreign powers. I suggest we have an “Open Door” policy in China! -John Hay
“Open Door Policy”• Equal trading rights would be guaranteed for all.
• One nation would be prevented from discriminating against another with its “sphere.”
• Hay announced that since all of the powers had accepted the Open Door in principle, the US considered their agreement…..
“FINAL AND DEFINITIVE!!!!”
Fists of Righteous Harmony
• Secret Chinese society
• “Boxers”
Goal of the Boxers• 1. Overthrow the Ch’ing
Dynasty
• 2. Expel all “foreign devils”
Boxer Rebellion• “Boxers” attacked Christian
missions, slaughtered foreign missionaries and Chinese converts.
• 8 countries assembled an international relief force
• 2,500 sailors and marines were sent from the US
Affect of the Rebellion• Forbidden City ransacked and
looted• Ch’ing Dynasty’s power
destroyed• An expanded “Open Door” policy
implemented-cornerstone of US policy in Asia for 50 years
Taking the Panama Canal
Why an interest in Panama?
TR for President!!!
“Good Enough for Me!”
….on to Panama!!!!!!!!!!
• To build a canal for naval domination in two oceans
The French werewilling to sell Panama for $40 million
Panama Revolts……• Panama was a colony of
Colombia
Panama Revolts……• Panama was a colony of
Colombia• Encouraged by hints of
American support, Panamanian nationalists revolted
On November 3, Panama declared independence.
Bunau-Varilla Treaty*American right to build and operate a canal through Panama•“titular sovereignty”over the 10-mile canal
The Workers
United States begins working on the project in 1904
• 90% of the workers were from the West Indies (31,000)
• Lived in slums or built own shacks in the jungle
• Often worked in 130 degree temperatures
Yellow Fever and Malaria
Affect of the Panama Canal• A symbol of human creativity,
persistence, and achievement.
Affect of the Panama Canal• A symbol of human creativity,
persistence, and achievement. • Great impact on trade and defensive
routes
Affect of the Panama Canal• A symbol of human creativity,
persistence, and achievement. • Great impact on trade and defensive
routes• $352 million on construction by the
US
Affect of the Panama Canal• A symbol of human creativity,
persistence, and achievement. • Great impact on trade and defensive
routes• $352 million on construction by the
US
Intervention in Latin America
• Between the end of the Spanish-American War and the 1930s, the US sent troops to Latin American countries……..
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine…..
• Because the US was “civilized” it had the right to stop “chronic wrongdoing” throughout the Western Hemisphere….
“International Police!”
Justified American Intervention….In several Caribbean countriesBy Presidents Taft and WilsonBy Pres Reagan (Grenada and Nicaragua)By Pres Bush (Panama)By Pres Clinton (Haiti)
