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SUGGESTED ANSWERS

TO BAR EXAMINATION

IN

POLITICAL LAW

ARRANGED BY TOPIC

(1987 2006)

Edited and Arranged by:

Atty. Janette Laggui-Icao and

Atty. Alex Ande! P. Icao(Silliman University College of Law) Jly 26!

200"

U#$ate$ %y&

Ro"ualdo L. #e$ei% II& LLB.'#ril 19! 2007

rom te '*S+,-S ./ '- ,'3*'.3/*

4U,S.3/*S in 5/L3.3C'L L'+ %y te

UP LAW COMPLEX an$

PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION O LAW SCHOOLS

BAR Q&A (as arranged by Topics) POLITICAL LAW (19!"#$$%) !


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/ - + ' -

T'i% !o( i% not intended )o %ale o co""ece. T'i% !o( i% )ee!ae. It "ay

*e )eely co+ied and di%ti*uted. It i% +i"aily intended )o all t'o%e !'o de%ie to

'a,e a dee+e unde%tanding o) t'e i%%ue% touc'ed *y t'e P'ili++ine Ba Exa"ination%

and it% tend. It i% %+ecially intended )o la! %tudent% )o" t'e +o,ince% !'o& ,ey

o)ten& ae eci+ient% o) deli*eately di%toted note% )o" ot'e un%cu+ulou% la!

%c'ool% and %tudent%. #'ae to ot'e% t'i% !o( and you !ill *e ic'ly e!aded *y God

in 'ea,en. It i% al%o ,ey good (a"a.

e !ould li(e to %ee( t'e indulgence o) t'e eade )o %o"e Ba ue%tion% !'ic' ae

i"+o+ely cla%%i)ied unde a to+ic and )o %o"e to+ic% !'ic' ae i"+o+ely o

ignoantly +'a%ed& )o t'e aut'o% ae /u%t Ba Re,ie!ee% !'o 'a,e +e+aed

t'i% !o( !'ile e,ie!ing )o t'e Ba Exa"% unde ti"e con%taint% and !it'in

t'ei li"ited (no!ledge o) t'e la!. e !ould li(e to %ee( t'e eade0% indulgence )o a

lot o) ty+oga+'ical eo% in t'i% !o(.

T'e Aut'o%

BAR Q&A (as arranged by Topics) POLITICAL LAW (19!"#$$%) "


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.'L, / C/*.,*.S

!#$% CONSTITUTION O THE PHILIPPINES.................................................................12

Phil Con 87; New Features (1991)...................................................................................12 Phil Con 87; People Power (1987)...................................................................................12 Phil Con 87; People Power (2000)...................................................................................13 Phil Con 87; People Power (2003)...................................................................................13

Nature of the Constitution: Constitutional Suprea!" (200#).....................................13 $o%ernent Presi&ential For %s' Parliaentar" For (*200)...........................13 ARTICLE I Nati&na' Territ&ry.........................................................................................14

+r!hipela,i! -o!trine (1989).............................................................................................14 Conti,uous .one %s' /!lusi%e /!onoi! .one (200#)...............................................14 /!lusi%e /!onoi! .one; i,hts of the Coastal State (199#)...................................14 /!lusi%e /!onoi! .one; i,hts of the Coastal State (1*200)............................15 Fla, State %s' Fla, of Con%enien!e (200#)....................................................................15 erritor" 4 $o%ernent (199).........................................................................................15 erritorial Sea %s' 5nternal 6aters (200#).......................................................................15

ARTICLE II De('arati&n &) Prin(i*'e+ and State P&'i(ie+........................................16

+re& For!es; Ser%ant of the People (2003).................................................................16 -o!trine of 5n!orporation; Constitutional aw (1997)....................................................16 -o!trine of 5n!orporation; Pa!ta Sunt Ser%an&a (2000)...............................................16 Free&o fro Nu!lear 6eapons; Forei,n ilitar" ases (1988)...............................16 Philippine Fla, (#*200)..................................................................................................17 Prin!iple of Ci%ilian Suprea!" (*200).....................................................................17 State 5unit" fro Suit (1991).......................................................................................17 State 5unit" fro Suit (199).......................................................................................89 State 5unit" fro Suit (1989)......................................................................................89 State 5unit" fro Suit (199#).......................................................................................81 State 5unit" fro Suit (1992).......................................................................................81

State 5unit" fro Suit (1999).......................................................................................88 State 5unit" fro Suit (1999).......................................................................................88 State 5unit" fro Suit (1987).......................................................................................88 State 5unit" %s' 6ai%er of 5unit" (1997)..............................................................88 State 5unit" fro Suit (1993).......................................................................................8: State Prin!iples 4 Poli!ies (199#)....................................................................................8: ransparen!"; atters of Puli! 5nterest (1989)............................................................82 ransparen!"; atters of Puli! 5nterest (2000)............................................................83

ARTICLE III Bi'' &) Rig,t+.................................................................................................83 ill of +ttain&er (1987)........................................................................................................83 ill of +ttain&er (1990)........................................................................................................84

Custo&ial 5n%esti,ation; /trau&i!ial Confession (2001).............................................84 Custo&ial 5n%esti,ation; /trau&i!ial Confession; Poli!e ine*


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-oule >eopar&" (1988)....................................................................................................:9

-oule >eopar&" (1993)....................................................................................................:1 -oule >eopar&" (1997)....................................................................................................:1 -oule >eopar&" (1999)....................................................................................................:8 -oule >eopar&" (1999)....................................................................................................:8 -oule >eopar&" (2000)....................................................................................................:8 -oule >eopar&" (2001)....................................................................................................:8 -oule >eopar&" (2002)....................................................................................................::

-oule >eopar&"; e?uisites (1999)...............................................................................:: -ue Pro!ess; +sen!e of -enial (1999).........................................................................:: -ue Pro!ess; -eportation (199#).....................................................................................:2 -ue Pro!ess; Forfeiture Pro!ee&in,s (1993).................................................................:3 -ue Pro!ess; e&ia Co%era,e &urin, @earin, (199).................................................:3 -ue Pro!ess; eetin, %s' @earin, (1999)......................................................................:3 -ue Pro!ess; Noti!e " Puli!ation (1988)....................................................................:3 -ue Pro!ess; Perit to Carr" Firear Autsi&e esi&en!e (*200)......................:4 -ue Pro!ess; PP+*Pilots (2001)......................................................................................:4 -ue Pro!ess; Pro!e&ural %s' Sustanti%e (1999)..........................................................:5 -ue Pro!ess; Pro%isional Ar&er (1991)...........................................................................:5

-ue Pro!ess; Puli! S!hool ea!hers (2002)...............................................................:5 -ue Pro!ess; a&io Station (1987).................................................................................:6 -ue Pro!ess; epresente& " a Non*aw"er (1988)...................................................:6 -ue Pro!ess; Sustanti%e (2003).....................................................................................:6 -ue Pro!ess; Suspension of -ri%erBs i!ense (1992)...................................................:6 -ue Pro!ess;


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Free&o of eli,ion; Non*/stalishent Clause (1997) 27 Free&o of Spee!h; an on oa!!o +- (1992) 27 Free&o of the Press; +!tual ali!e (200#) 39 Free&o of the Press; 6artie Censorship (1987) 39 5pairent Clause; asi! @uan i,hts (1992) 31 5n%oluntar" Ser%itu&e (1993) 31 iert" of +o&e; iitations (1998) 31 iert" of +o&e; eporar" (199) 38

Non*5prisonent for Non*Pa"ent of -et (1993) 38 Poli!e Power; +ateent of Nuisan!e (200#) 38 Poli!e Power; an on oa!!o +- (1992) 38 Poli!e Power; .onin, Ar&inan!e %s' Non*5pairent of Contra!ts (1989) 3: Poli!e Power; .onin, Ar&inan!e %s' Non*5pairent of Contra!ts (2001) 3: Pri%a!" of Couni!ation (2001) 3: Pri%a!" of Correspon&en!e (1998) 32 Pri%a!" of Correspon&en!e; >ail (1989) 32 i,ht to +ssel"; Perit +ppli!ation; Free&o ParDs (2*200) 32 i,ht to +ssel"; Perit e?uireents (1992) 33 i,ht to +ssel"; Puli! ea!hers (2000) 33

i,ht to +ssel"; Puli! ea!hers (2002) 34 i,ht to ra%el; Ar&er of +rrest (1991) 34 i,hts of the +!!use&; Counsel of his Choi!e (8*200) 34i,hts of the +!!use&; Presuption of 5nno!en!e %s' Presuption of heft (200#) 35i,hts of the +!!use&; i,ht to ail (1993) 35i,hts of the +!!use&; i,ht to ail; Capital Affense (#*200) 36i,hts of the +!!use&; i,ht to ail; -eportation Case (1989) 36i,hts of the +!!use&; i,ht to ail; atter of i,ht or a atter of -is!retion (7*200) 36i,hts of the +!!use&; i,ht to Spee&" rial (2000) 37i,hts of the +!!use&; Self*5n!riination (1988) 37

i,hts of the +!!use&; Self*5n!riination (1990) 37i,hts of the +!!use&; Self*5n!riination (1992) 49i,hts of the +!!use&; Self*5n!riination (2000) 49i,hts of the +!!use&; Self*5n!riination (7*200) 41Sear!hes an& Sei=ure; Pri%ate 5n&i%i&uals (8*200) 41Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; +liens (2001) 41Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; reathal"=er est (1992) 48Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; 5e&iate Control (1987) 48Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; 5n!i&ental to Eali& Sear!h (1990) 48Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; Pla!e of Sear!h (2001) 4:Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; sear!h a&e " a pri%ate !iti=en (1993) 4:

Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; sear!h a&e " a pri%ate !iti=en (2002) 42Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; Eali& 6arrantless Sear!h (2000) 42Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; Eisual Sear!h (1992) 43Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; 6ai%er of Consent (1989) 43Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; 6arrantless +rrests (1993) 44Sear!hes an& Sei=ures; 6arrants of +rrest (1991) 44

ARTICLE I. Citi/en+,i* 44+!tion for Can!ellation; Pres!ription 4 /ffe!t of -eath (199#) 44Citi=enship; /le!te& Affi!ial (1993) 45

-ual +lle,ian!e %s' -ual Citi=enship (1987) 45BAR Q&A (as arranged by Topics) POLITICAL LAW (19!"#$$%) "


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-ual +lle,ian!e %s' -ual Citi=enship (1988) 46-ual Citi=enship (199#) 46/ffe!t of arria,e; Filipino (1989) 47/ffe!t of Aath of +lle,ian!e (200#) 47/ffe!t of epatriation (1999) 59/ffe!t of epatriation (2002) 59/ffe!t of epatriation (2003) 59/ffe!ts of arria,es (1999) 59

/ffe!ts of Philippine ill of 1902 (2001) 51/le!te& Affi!ial (1992) 51/le!tin, Philippine Citi=enship (8*200) 51/le!tin, Philippine Citi=enship; 6hen Proper (8*200) 58Natural orn Filipino (1989) 58Natural orn Filipino (1998) 58Natural*orn Filipino(1993) 5:Naturali=ation; Can!ellation of Citi=enship (1998) 5:esi&en!" e?uireents; /le!ti%e Affi!ial (9*200) 5:Status; 5lle,itiate Chil& (1990) 52Status; 5lle,itiate Chil&; -ual Citi=enship (199) 52

Status; e,itiate Chil& (2003) 526a"s of ea!?uirin, Citi=enship (2000) 53

ARTICLE .I Legi+'ati0e De*art1ent 53+ppropriation of Puli! Fun&s (1988) 53+ppropriation of Puli! Fun&s; -et Ser%i!in, (1992) 53+ppropriation of Puli! Fun&s; Puli! Purposes (1988) 53Coission on +ppointents (2002) 54-ele,ation of Powers (2002) 54-ele,ation of Powers; (*200) 54-ele,ation of Powers; Copleteness est; Suffi!ient Stan&ar& est (*200) 55-is!ipline; o&es of eo%al (1993) 55

-is!ipline; Suspension of a eer of the Con,ress (2002) 55/le!te& Affi!ial; -e Fa!to Affi!er (200#) 56/le!toral riunal; @/ eers i,ht 4 esponsiilities (2002) 56/le!toral riunal; Senate; >uris&i!tion (1990) 57Forei,n +ffairs; ole of @ouse of ep (199) 57Forei,n +ffairs; ole of Senate (199#) 575n%esti,ations in +i& of e,islation (1992) 57aw aDin,; Pro!ess 4 Puli!ation (1993) 69aw*aDin,; +ppropriation ill (199) 69aw*aDin,; +ppropriation aw; +utoati! enewal 4 Power of +u,entation(1998) 69

aw*aDin,; +ppropriation aw; i&er Pro%ision (2001) 61aw*aDin,; Forei,n +ffairs; reaties (199) 61aw*aDin,; A%erri&in, the Presi&ential Eeto (1991) 61aw*aDin,; Passa,e of a aw (1988) 68e,islati%e Power; Pres' +?uinos ie (1990) 68e,islati%e Powers (1989) 68oans /ten&e& to eers of Con,ress (1991) 68ulti*Part" S"ste (1999) 6:Non*e,islati%e Powers (1988) 6:

Non*e,islati%e Powers; /er,en!" Powers; e?uisites (1997) 6:BAR Q&A (as arranged by Topics) POLITICAL LAW (19!"#$$%) 6


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Prohiitions an& 5nhiitions of Puli! Affi!e (200#) 6:ualifi!ations; Con,ressen (1988) 62ualifi!ations; Con,ressen; (1993) 62ualifi!ations; Con,ressen; (1999) 63Separation of Powers (1988) 63Separation of Powers (2003) 63hree*er iit: Con,ressen (199) 64hree*er iit; Con,ressen (2001) 64

ARTICLE .II E2e(3ti0e De*art1ent 64+ppointin, Power; +!tin, %s' Peranent +ppointent (2003) 64+ppointin, Power; a& interi appointents (1991) 64+ppointin, Power; +& 5nteri +ppointents (199#) 65+ppointin, Power; +ppointents e?uirin, Confiration; + 97*


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>u&i!ial -epartent; 6rit of +paro (1991)......................................................................191

>u&i!ial 5n&epen&en!e; Safe,uar& (2000)......................................................................191>u&i!ial Power (1989).........................................................................................................198>u&i!ial Power (1992).........................................................................................................198>u&i!ial Power (1998).........................................................................................................19:>u&i!ial Power; S!ope (199#)..............................................................................................19:>u&i!ial e%iew; o!us Stan&i (1992).................................................................................192>u&i!ial e%iew; e?uisites (199#)..................................................................................192

>uris&i!tion of @usti!es (199)...........................................................................................196Eotes re?uire& for &e!larin, a law un!onstitutional (199) ..........................................197

ARTICLE IX C&n+tit3ti&na' C&11i++i&n+...................................................................197otational S!hee (1999)...................................................................................................197Constitutional Coissions 4 Coun!il (7*200)............................................................197

ARTICLE IX Ci0i' Ser0i(e C&11i++i&n........................................................................197Career Ser%i!e; Chara!teristi!s (1999)..............................................................................197Ci%il Ser%i!e Coission %s' CA+ (200#)......................................................................197Fun!tion of CSC (199#).......................................................................................................119$ACCs 6ithout Ari,inal Charter %s' $ACCs 6ith Ari,inal Charter (1998).............119

>uris&i!tion o%er the $ACCs (1999)...................................................................................111>uris&i!tion o%er the $ACCs (2003)...................................................................................111o&es of eo%al fro Affi!e (1993)................................................................................111e!ei%in, of 5n&ire!t Copensation (1997)....................................................................111Se!urit" of enure (1988)....................................................................................................118Se!urit" of enure (*200)..............................................................................................118Se!urit" of enure; eanin, (1999)...................................................................................11:

ARTICLE IX COMELEC.......................................................................................................11:

/le!toral riunal; Fun!tions 4 Coposition (*200)..............................................11:Fair /le!tion; /?ual Spa!e 4 ie in e&ia (1989)......................................................11:$rant of Par&on in /le!tion Affenses (1991)..................................................................112

>u&i!ial e%iew of -e!isions (2001)................................................................................112eo%al fro Affi!e; Coissioners (1998).................................................................112i,ht to Eote; >uris&i!tion (2001)........................................................................................112

E'e(ti&n La5+..........................................................................................................................1122n& Pla!er ule (2003).....................................................................................................1122n& Pla!er ule (1990)......................................................................................................1132n& Pla!er ule; in uo 6arranto Cases (1992)..........................................................1132n& Pla!er ule; ule of Su!!ession (199)....................................................................113

+ppre!iation of allots (199#)...........................................................................................114-is?ualifi!ation; $roun&s (1991)......................................................................................114

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-isualifi!ations (1999) 114/ffe!t of Filin, of Certifi!ate of Can&i&a!"; +ppointi%e Affi!er %s /le!ti%e Affi!er(2002) 114/ffe!t of Filin, of Certifi!ate of Can&i&a!"; Fair /le!tion +!t (2003) 115/le!tion Affenses; Conspira!" to rie Eoters (1991) 115/le!tion Protest (1990) 115/le!tion Protest %s' uo 6arranto (2001) 116/le!tion Protest %s' uo 6arranto (*200) 116

/le!tion Protest; >uris&i!tion (199) 116/piration of ter ars ser%i!e thereof (2000) 116Petition to -e!lare Failure of /le!tions; e?uisites 4 /ffe!ts (199) 116Pre*Pro!laation Contest (1987) 117Pre*Pro!laation Contest (1988) 117Pre*Pro!laation Contest %s' /le!tion Contests (1997) 189Pre*Pro!laation Contest; Proper 5ssues (199) 181Pro!ess; 5lliterate Eoters (1987) 181Pro!ess; Prin!iple of 5&e Sonans (199#) 181Pro!ess; Stra" allot (199#) 181e!all (2002) 188

hree*er iit ule (2001) 188hree*er iit; fro uni!ipalit" to Newl"*Create& Cit" (9*200) 188Ea!an!"; /ffe!t of Ei!e*a"or +!tin, +s a"or (2002) 18:Ea!an!"; ule of Su!!ession (199) 18:Ea!an!"; S; ule on Su!!ession (2002) 182

ARTICLE IX C&11i++i&n &n A3dit 182CA+; >uris&i!tion (2001) 182CA+; one" Clais (1998) 182

ARTICLE X L&(a' G&0ern1ent 183+ppointent of u&,et Affi!er; !ontrol %s super%ision (1999) 183oun&ar" -ispute esolution; $uris&i!tion (10*200) 184

oun&ar" -ispute Settleent; +uthorit"; >uris&i!tion (1999) 184Creation of New o!al $o%ernent


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e?uisites; Contra!ts 5n%ol%in, $< (1991)......................................................................1:1

e?uisites; Contra!ts in%ol%in, $< (199)......................................................................1:8aation; $ACC iailit" For eal /state a (1999)......................................................1:8aation; Sour!es of e%enue (1999).............................................................................1:86ith&rawal of Puli! Propert" fro Puli!


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+,rarian efor aw; Co%era,e (1992)............................................................................126

Coission on @uan i,hts; Power to in%esti,ate (1992)...........................................127Coission on @uan i,hts; Power to issue A (1997)...........................................127Coission on @uan i,hts; Power to issue A (2001)...........................................127Coission on @uan i,hts; Power; iitations (#*200)........................................139aor; i,ht to Self*Ar,ani=ation (1988)............................................................................131aor; i,ht to StriDe (1988).............................................................................................131aor; i,ht to StriDe (1993).............................................................................................131

So!ial >usti!e un&er the Present Constitution (199) .......................................................1386oen (2000)......................................................................................................................138

ARTICLE XI. Ed3(ati&n7 S(ien(e and Te(,n&'&gy7 Art+ ..........................................13:/&u!ation; +!a&ei! Free&o (1987)...............................................................................13:/&u!ation; +!a&ei! Free&o (1989)...............................................................................13:/&u!ation; +!a&ei! Free&o (1993)...............................................................................13:/&u!ation; +!a&ei! Free&o; /tent (1999)..................................................................132/&u!ation; +lien /nrollees 4 -onors (1999)..................................................................132/&u!ation; -uties of State in e /&u!ation (1999)...........................................................132/&u!ation; Fla, Salute (1987).............................................................................................133/&u!ation; i,ht to Choose Profession (2000)..................................................................133

/&u!ation; i,ht to ualit" /&u!ation (2003)....................................................................134/&u!ation; ea!hin, of eli,ion (1999)..........................................................................134/&u!ation; Eali&it" of +!a&ei! e?uireents (199#).....................................................134

ARTICLE X.I Genera' Pr&0i+i&n+......................................................................................134

$eneral Pro%isions; o!al -iale!t (1987)...........................................................................134+FP; liitation on a!!eptin, a&&itional &uties (199).......................................................135

ARTICLE X.II A1end1ent+ &r Re0i+i&n+........................................................................135

Peoples 5nitiati%e (200#)....................................................................................................135+en&ents an& e%isions; o&es (1997)......................................................................135/F//N-


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/tra&ition; etroa!ti%e +ppli!ation (2*200) 145Fla, State %s' Fla, of Con%enien!e (200#) 146$eno!i&e (1988) 146@uan i,hts (1999) 146@uan i,hts; Ci%il an& Politi!al i,hts (1992) 146@uan i,hts; Ci%il an& Politi!al i,hts (199) 1475ntl Court of >usti!e; >uris&i!tion A%er States 1595ntl Court of >usti!e; >uris&i!tion A%er States (199#) 159

5ntl Court of >usti!e; iitations An >uris&i!tion (1999) 1595ntl Court of >usti!e; Parties; Plea&in,s an& Aral +r,uent (199#) 1595nternational Con%ention; aw of the Sea (200#) 1515nternational Court of >usti!e (9*200) 1515nternational aw %s' uni!ipal aw; erritorial Prin!iple; 5nternational Cries (2*200) 151an&ates an& rust erritories (2003) 158uni!ipal aw %s' 5nternational aw (2003) 15:Neutralit" of States (1988) 15:Auter Spa!e; >uris&i!tion (2003) 152Prin!iple of +uto*iitation (10*200) 152

e!ipro!it" %' Prin!iple of +uto*iitation (10*200) 152e!o,nition of States; -e Fa!to %s' -e >ure e!o,nition (1998) 152eparations +,reeent; Eali&it" (1992) 153i,ht to 5nno!ent Passa,e (1999) 153i,ht to ransit an& 5nno!ent Passa,e (200#) 154i,hts an& Ali,ation un&er uris&i!tion (199) 163

+&in aw; /haustion of +&inistrati%e ee&ies; /!eptions (1991) 163+&in aw; >u&i!ial e%iew of +&inistrati%e +!tion (2001) 164+&in aw; >u&i!ial e%iew of +&inistrati%e -e!isions (1988) 164+&in aw; eanin, of J$o%ernent of the PhilippinesK (1997) 165+&in aw; Power of the Presi&ent to eor,ani=e +&inistrati%e Stru!ture (2003)............................................................................................................................................... 165

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+&in aw; ules an& e,ulations; -ue Pro!ess (2000)................................................165

$o%ernent +,en!" %s' $o%ernent 5nstruentalit" (7*200)....................................166uasi*>u&i!ial o&" or +,en!" (*200)......................................................................166

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!#$% CONSTITUTION O THE

PHILIPPINESP,i' C&n $%8 Ne5 eat3re+ 9!##!

N& 1: @ow is the ill of i,hts stren,thene& in

the 1987 ConstitutionL

SUGGESTED ANSWER:

here are se%eral wa"s in whi!h the ill of

i,hts is stren,thene& in the 1987 Constitution'1' New ri,hts are ,i%en epli!it re!o,nition

su!h asH the prohiition a,ainst &etention "

reason of politi!al eliefs an& aspirations'

he wai%er of iran&a ri,hts is now

re?uire& to e a&e in writin, with the

assistan!e of !ounsel' he use of solitar"H

in!ouni!a&o an& se!ret &etention pla!es is

prohiite&H while the eisten!e of

sustan&ar& an& ina&e?uate penal fa!ilities is

a&e the !on!ern of le,islation'

2' here is also re!o,nition of the ri,ht of

epressionH an epress prohiition a,ainstthe use of tortureH a an&ate to the State to

pro%i&e !opensation an& rehailitation for

%i!tis of torture an& their failies'

3' Soe ri,hts ha%e een epan&e&'For instan!eH free a!!ess to !ourtsnow in!lu&es a!!ess to ?uasi*u&i!ialo&ies an& to a&e?uate le,al assistan!e'

#' he re?uireents for interferin, with soe

ri,hts ha%e een a&e ore stri!t' For

instan!eH onl" u&,es !an now issue sear!h

warrants or warrants of arrest' here ust

e a law authori=in, the /e!uti%e

-epartent to interfere with the pri%a!" of

!ouni!ationH the liert" of ao&eH an& the

ri,ht to tra%el efore these ri,hts a" e

ipaire& or !urtaile&'

' he Constitution now pro%i&es thatthe suspension of the pri%ile,e of thewrit of haeas !orpus &oes not suspen&the ri,ht to ailH thus resol%in, a &o!trinal&ispute of lon, stan&in,'

' he suspension of the pri%ile,e of the writ

of haeas !orpus an& the pro!laation ofartial law ha%e een liite& to sit" (0)

&a"s an& are now sue!t to the power of

Con,ress to re%oDe' 5n a&&itionH the

Supree Court is ,i%en the uris&i!tionH

upon the petition of an" !iti=en to &eterine the

suffi!ien!" of the fa!tual asis of the

suspension of the pri%ile,e of the writ of

haeas !orpus an& the pro!laation of

artial law'

7' he Supree Court is epowere& to a&opt

rules for the prote!tion an& enfor!eent

of !onstitutional ri,hts'

8' +rt' 55' Se!' 11 !oits the State to a poli!"whi!h pla!es %alue on the &i,nit" ofe%er" huan person an& ,uarantees fullrespe!t for huan ri,hts'

9' + Coission on @uan i,hts is !reate&'

10'


16/191

estalishent of a&e?uate e!hanis for

this purpose' (5&'H se!H 1)

P,i' C&n $%8 Pe&*'e P&5er 9"666

N& 5M' 5s the !on!ept of People Powerre!o,ni=e& in the ConstitutionL -is!uss riefl"'(3)

SUGGESTED ANSWER:

OesH the !on!ept of People Power isre!o,ni=e& in the Constitution'?


17/191

a" &efinitel" restrain the others fro

ipro%i&ent a!tionH there" aintainin, a

s"ste of !he!Ds an& alan!es aon, theH

thusH preser%in, the will of the so%erei,n

epresse& in the Constitution'

) 6hat are the essential !hara!teristi!s of aparliaentar" for of ,o%ernentL (2')SUGGESTED ANSWER:

he essential !hara!teristi!s of a parliaentar"for of ,o%ernent are: the fusion of the

le,islati%e an& ee!uti%e ran!hes in

parliaent; the prie inisterH who is the hea& of

,o%ernentH an& the eers of the !ainetH

are !hosen fro aon, the eers of

parliaent an& as su!h are a!!ountale to the

latter; an& the prie inister a" e

reo%e& fro offi!e " a %ote of loss of

!onfi&en!e of parliaent' here a" e a hea& of

state who a" or a" not e ele!te&'

ARTICLE I Nati&na' Territ&ryAr(,i*e'agi( D&(trine 9!#$#No' 20: 6hat &o "ou un&erstan& "the ar!hipela,i! &o!trineL 5s this refle!te& inthe 1987 ConstitutionLSUGGESTED ANSWER:he +C@5P/+$5C -AC5N/ ephasi=es the

unit" of lan& an& waters " &efinin, an

ar!hipela,o either as a ,roup of islan&s

surroun&e& " waters or a o&" of waters

stu&&e& with islan&s' For this purposeH it

re?uires that aselines e &rawn " !onne!tin, the

appropriate points of the outerost islan&s to

en!ir!le the islan&s within the ar!hipela,o' hewaters on the lan&war& si&e of the aselines

re,ar&less of rea&th or &iensions are erel"

internal waters'

OesH the ar!hipela,i! &o!trine is refle!te& in the

1987 Constitution' +rti!le 5H Se!tion 1 pro%i&es

that the national territor" of the Philippines

in!lu&es the Philippine ar!hipela,oH with all the

islan&s an& waters era!e& therein; an& the

waters aroun&H etweenH an& !onne!tin, the

islan&s of the ar!hipela,oH re,ar&less of their

rea&th an& &iensionsH for part of the

internal waters of the Philippines'

C&ntig3&3+ &ne 0+= E2('3+i0e E(&n&1i(

&ne 9"66;

(2*a*2) -istin,uish: he !onti,uous =onean& the e!lusi%e e!onoi! =one'SUGGESTED ANSWER:CAN5$


18/191

susisten!e fisheren a,ainst forei,n intrusion'FishworDers shall re!ei%e a ust share fro theirlaor in the utili=ation of arine an& fishin,resour!es'

E2('3+i0e E(&n&1i( &ne8 Rig,t+ &)

t,e C&a+ta' State 9>!


19/191

throu,h the territorial sea' (+rti!le 1# of the

Con%ention on the aw of the Sea')

usti!e ha& re!entl"

rule& that the Presi&ent a" ne,otiate for a

o&ifi!ation or etension of ilitar" ases

a,reeent with the


20/191

+ forer senator ha& sai&H it is !opletel"

wron,H if not erroneousH an& is an aen&ent of

the Constitution " isinterpretation' Soe

eers of the ower @ouse a,ree with

Se!retar" Ar&one=H while others laent the

latterBs opinion as ?uestionaleH unfortunateH an&

without an" asis at all'

-o "ou or &o "ou not a,ree withthe aforeentione& rulin, of the

-epartent of >usti!eL 6h"LSUGGESTED ANSWER:No' he Constitution pro%i&es that if forei,n

ilitar" asesH troops or fa!ilities are to e

allowe& after the epiration of the present

Philippine*+eri!an ilitar" ases +,reeent in

1991H it ust e un&er a treat" &ul"

!on!urre& in " the Senate an&H when the

Con,ress so re?uiresH ratifie& " a aorit" of

the %otes !ast " the people in a national

referen&u' (+rt' ME555H se!' 2) + ere

a,reeentH thereforeH not a treat"H without the

!on!urren!e of at least 2I3 of all the eers

of the Senate will not e %ali& (+rt' E55H se!' 21H +rt'ME555H se!' #)' 6ith respe!t to the pro%ision allowin,

nu!lear weapons within the asesH the Constitution

appears to an su!h weapons fro the Philippine

territor"' 5t &e!lares as a state poli!" that the

PhilippinesH !onsistent with the national interestH

a&opts an& pursues a poli!" of free&o fro

nu!lear weapons in its territor"' (+rtH 55H se!' 8)

@owe%erH the &elierations of the Constitutional

Coission woul& see to in&i!ate that this

pro%ision of the Constitution is not soethin,

asolute nor 100 per!ent without e!eption'

5t a" therefore e that !ir!ustan!es a"

ustif" a pro%ision on nu!lear weapons'

P,i'i**ine 'ag 9>;


21/191

!oat oots at aDarta on or efore 30 A!toer 1990' he

!ontra!t was awar&e& " the inistr" of the

+r" to ariDina Shoe Corporation an& was

si,ne& " the parties in >aDarta' ariDina Shoe

Corporation was ale to &eli%er onl" 200H000

pairs of !oat oots in >aDarta " 30 A!toer

1990 an& it re!ei%e& pa"ent for 100H000 pairs or a

total of une 1991H the epuli! of 5n&onesia file& an

a!tion efore the e,ional rial Court of Pasi,'

i=alH to !opel ariDina Shoe Corporation

to perfor the alan!e of its oli,ations un&er

the !ontra!t an& for &aa,es' 5n its +nswerH

ariDina Shoe Corporation sets up a

!ounter!lai for arn%a,sst"relsenH #3Fe& 70H it was hel& the !onsent to e sue&&oes not ,i%e !onsent to the atta!hent ofthe propert" of a so%erei,n ,o%ernent'

State I113nity )r&1 S3it 9!##?No' ; he epuli! of the alau (forerl"

Palau 5slan&s) opene& an& operate& in anila

an offi!e en,a,e& in tra&in, alau pro&u!ts with

Philippine pro&u!ts' 5n one transa!tionH the

lo!al u"er !oplaine& that the alau ,oo&s

&eli%ere& to hi were sustan&ar& an& he sue&

the epuli! of alauH efore the e,ional

rial Court of Pasi,H for &aa,es'

a) @ow !an the epuli! of alau in%oDe itsso%erei,n iunit"L /plain') 6ill su!h &efense of so%erei,n

iunit" prosperL /plain'SUGGESTED ANSWER:

+) he epuli! of alau !an in%oDeits so%erei,n 5unit" " filin, a otion to&isiss in a!!or&an!e with Se!tion l(a)H ule1 of the ules of Court on the ,roun& that the!ourt has no uris&i!tion o%er its person'

+!!or&in, to the @ol" See %s' osarioH 238

SC+ 2#H in Puli! 5nternational awH when a

State wishes to plea& so%erei,n iunit" in a

forei,n !ourtH it re?uests the Forei,n Affi!e of

the State where it is ein, sue& to !on%e" to

the !ourt that it is entitle& to iunit"' 5n thePhilippinesH the pra!ti!e is for the forei,n

,o%ernent to first se!ure an ee!uti%e

en&orseent of its !lai of so%erei,n iunit"' 5n

soe !asesH the &efense of so%erei,n

iunit" is suitte& &ire!tl" to the lo!al !ourt "

the forei,n ,o%ernent throu,h !ounsel " filin,

a otion to &isiss on the ,roun& that the !ourt has

no >uris&i!tion o%er its person'

) NoH the &efense of so%erei,n 5unit" will

not prosper' he sale of alau pro&u!ts is a

!ontra!t in%ol%in, a !oer!ial a!ti%it"' 5n


22/191


23/191

NoH the Northern u=on 5rri,ation +uthorit" a" not

in%oDe the iunit" of the State fro suitH

e!auseH as hel& in Fontanilla %s' aliaanH

179 SC+ 8 an& 19# SC+ #8H irri,ation is a

proprietar" fun!tion' esi&esH the Northern u=on

5rri,ation +uthorit" has a uri&i!al personalit"

separate an& &istin!t fro the ,o%ernentH a

suit a,ainst it is not a suit a,ainst the

State' Sin!e the wai%er of the iunit" fro

suit is without ?ualifi!ationH as hel& in a"o %s'Court of First 5nstan!e of ula!anH 110 SC+

#H the wai%er in!lu&es an a!tion ase& on a

?uasi*&eli!t'

State I113nity )r&1 S3it 9!###

+' 1') 6hat &o "ou un&erstan& "state iunit" fro suitL /plain' (2)

2') @ow a" !onsent of the state to esue& e ,i%enL /plain' (2)SUGGESTED ANSWER:1') S+/ 5


24/191

e!onoi! !on&itions of those en,a,e& in

the toa!!o in&ustr"'

State I113nity )r&1 S3it 9!#$%(a) M file& a !ase a,ainst the epuli! of the

Philippines for &aa,es !ause& his "a!htH

whi!h was rae& " a na%" %essel'

() M also sue& in another !ase the

Se!retar" of Puli! 6orDs an& the

epuli! of the Philippines for pa"ent ofthe !opensation of the %alue of his lan&H

whi!h was use& as part of the tara! of

the Ceu 5nternational +irportH without prior

epropriation pro!ee&in,s'

he Soli!itor $eneral o%e& to &isiss the two!ases in%oDin, state iunit" fro suit -e!i&e'SUGGESTED ANSWER:(a) he ,o%ernent !annot e sue& for

&aa,es !onsi&erin, that the a,en!" whi!h

!ause& the &aa,es was the Philippine Na%"'


25/191

pro%e that the State is liale ut the State

retains the ri,ht to raise all lawful &efenses'

State I113nity )r&1 S3it 9!##-No 19: -e%i is the owner of a pie!e of lan&'

6ithout prior epropriation or ne,otiate& saleH

the national ,o%ernent use& a portion thereof for

the wi&enin, of the national hi,hwa"' -e%i file&

a one" !lai with the Coission on +u&it

whi!h was &enie&' eft with no other re!ourseH-e%i file& a !oplaint for re!o%er" of propert"

an&Ior &aa,es a,ainst the Se!retar" of Puli!

6orDs an& @i,hwa"s an& the epuli! of

the PhilippinesH he &efen&ant o%e& for

&isissal of the !oplaint !onten&in, that

the ,o%ernent !annot e sue& without its

!onsent' he C &isisse& the !oplaint' An

appealH how woul& "ou &e!i&e the !ase'

SUGGESTED ANSWER:he or&er &isissin, the !oplaint shoul& e

re%erse&' 5n inisterio %' Court of First 5nstan!e of

CeuH #0 SC+ ##H it was hel& that when the,o%ernent taDes propert" fro a pri%ate

lan&owner without prior epropriation or

ne,otiate& saleH the lan&owner a" aintain a suit

a,ainst the ,o%ernent without %iolatin, the

&o!trine of ,o%ernent 5unit" fro suit' he

,o%ernent shoul& e &eee& to ha%e wai%e&

iplie&l" its iunit" fro suit' AtherwiseH

the !onstitutional ,uarantee that pri%ate

propert" shall not e taDen for puli! use without

ust !opensation will e ren&ere& nu,ator"'

State Prin(i*'e+ P&'i(ie+ 9!##;No' 1; 6hat is the state poli!" on:a) worDin, woenL) e!olo,"L!) the s"ols of statehoo&L&) !ultural inoritiesLe) s!ien!e an& te!hnolo,"L

SUGGESTED ANSWER:a) Se!tion 1#H +rti!le M555 of the Constitution

pro%i&es: he State shall prote!t WORING

WOMEN " pro%i&in, safe an& healthful

worDin, !on&itionsH taDin, into a!!ount theiraternal fun!tionsH an& su!h fa!ilities an&

opportunities that will enhan!e their welfare an&

enale the to reali=e their full potential in the

ser%i!e of the nation'

) Se!tion 1H +rti!le 55 of the Constitution

pro%i&es: he State shall prote!t an& a&%an!e

the ri,ht of the people an& their posterit" to a

alan!e& an& healthful ECOLOG in a!!or& with

the rh"th an& haron" of nature'

!) Se!tion 1H +rti!le ME55 of the Constitution

pro%i&es: he LAG O THE PHILIPPINES

shall e re&H whiteH an& lueH with a sun an&

three starsH as !onse!rate& an& honore& " the

people an& re!o,ni=e& " law'

Se!tion 2H +rti!le ME5 of the Constitution states:he Con,ress a" " lawH a&opt a new

nae for the !ountr"H a national antheH or anational sealH whi!h shall all e trul"refle!ti%e an& s"oli! of the i&ealsH histor"Han& tra&itions of the people' Su!h law shalltaDe effe!t onl" upon its ratifi!ation " thepeople in a national referen&u'

&) Se!tion 22H +rti!le 55 of the Constitution

pro%i&es: he State re!o,ni=es an& prootes

the ri,hts of INDIGENOUS CULTURAL

COMMUNITIES within the fraeworD of

national unit" an& &e%elopent'

Se!tion H +rti!le M55 of the Constitution rea&s:he StateH sue!t to the pro%isions of this

Constitution an& national &e%elopent poli!ies

an& pro,rasH shall prote!t the ri,hts of

in&i,enous !ultural !ounities to their

an!estral lan&s to ensure their e!onoi!H so!ial an&

!ultural well*ein,'

he Con,ress a" pro%i&e for the appli!ailit"

of !ustoar" laws ,o%ernin, propert" ri,hts or

relations in &eterinin, the ownership an&

etent of the an!estral &oains'

Se!tion H +rt' M555 of the Constitution pro%i&es: he

State shall appl" the prin!iples of

AGRARIAN REORM or stewar&shipH

whene%er appli!ale in a!!or&an!e with lawH in the

&isposition or utili=ation of other natural

resour!esH in!lu&in, lan&s of the puli! &oain

un&er lease or !on!ession suitale to

a,ri!ultureH sue!t to prior ri,htsH hoestea&

ri,hts of sall settlersH an& the ri,hts of

in&i,enous !ounities to their an!estral

lan&s'

he State a" resettle lan&less farersan& far worDers in its own a,ri!ulturalestates whi!h shall e &istriute& to the inthe anner pro%i&e& " law'

Se!tion 17' +rti!le M5E of the Constitution

states: he State shall re!o,ni=eH respe!t an&

prote!t the ri,hts of in&i,enous !ultural

!ounities to preser%e an& &e%elop their

!ulturesH tra&itionsH an& institutions' 5t shall

BAR Q&A (as arranged by Topics) POLITICAL LAW (19!"#$$%) "-


26/191

!onsi&er these ri,hts in the forulation

of national plans an& poli!ies'

e) Se!tion 17H +rti!le 55 of the Constitution

pro%i&es: he State shall ,i%e priorit" to

EDUCATION7 SCIENCE an& TECHNOLOG7

ARTS7 CULTURE7 an& SPORTS to foster

patriotis an& nationalisH a!!elerate so!ial

pro,ressH an& proote total huan lieration

an& &e%elopent'

Se!tion 1#H +rti!le M55 of the Constitution rea&s in

part: he sustaine& &e%elopent of a

reser%oir of NATIONAL TALENTS !onsistin, of

Filipino s!ientistsH entrepreneursH professionalsH

ana,ersH hi,h*le%el te!hni!al anpower an&

sDille& worDers an& !raftsen shall e

proote& " the StateH he State shall

en!oura,e appropriate te!hnolo," an& re,ulate 5ts

transfer for the national enefit'

Su*se!tion 2H Se!tion 3' +rti!le M5E of the

Constitution states: he" (EDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONS ) shall in!ul!ate patriotis an&

nationalisH foster lo%e of huanit"H respe!t for

huan ri,htsH appre!iation of the role of

national heroes in the histori!al &e%elopent of the

!ountr"H tea!h the ri,hts an& &uties of

!iti=enshipH stren,then ethi!al an& spiritual

%aluesH &e%elop oral !hara!ter an& personal

&is!iplineH en!oura,e !riti!al an& !reati%e

thinDin,H roa&en s!ientifi! an& te!hnolo,i!al

Dnowle&,eH an& proote %o!ational effi!ien!"'

Se!tion 10' +rti!le M5E of the Constitution

&e!lares: SCIENCE an& TECHNOLOG areessential for national &e%elopent an&

pro,ress' he State shall ,i%e priorit" to

resear!h an& &e%elopentH in%entionH

inno%ationH an& their utili=ation; an& to s!ien!e

an& te!hnolo," e&u!ationH trainin,H ser%i!es' 5t

shall support in&i,enousH appropriateH an& self*

reliant s!ientifi! an& !ultural !apailitiesH an&

their appli!ation to the !ountr"Bs pro&u!ti%e

s"stes an& national life'

Se!tion 11H +rti!le M5E of the Constitution

pro%i&es: he Con,ress a" pro%i&e for

in!enti%esH in!lu&in, TAX DEDUCTIONSH to

en!oura,e pri%ate parti!ipation in pro,ras of

asi! an& applie& s!ientifi! resear!h'

S!holarshipsH ,rants*in*ai& or other fors of

5n!enti%es shall e pro%i&e& to &eser%in,

s!ien!e stu&entsH resear!hersH s!ientistsH

in%estorsH te!hnolo,istsH an& spe!iall" ,ifte&

!iti=ens'

Se!tion 12H +rti!le M5E of the Constitution

rea&s: he State shall re,ulate the transfer an&

proote the a&aptation of te!hnolo," fro all

sour!es for the national enefit' 5t shall

en!oura,e wi&est parti!ipation of pri%ate

,roupsH lo!al ,o%ernentsH an& !ounit"*

ase& or,ani=ations in the ,eneration an&

utili=ation of s!ien!e an& te!hnolo,"'

NOTE: 5t is su,,este& that if an eainee ,a%e a sustanti%e

answer without ,i%in, the ea!t pro%isions of the ConstitutionH

then he shoul& e ,i%en full !re&it' FurtherH one pro%ision

?uote&I&is!usse& " the eainee shoul& e suffi!ient for hi to

e ,i%en full !re&it'

Tran+*aren(y8 Matter+ &) P3b'i(

Intere+t 9!#$#

No' 3: -oes the 1987 Constitution pro%i&e for apoli!" of transparen!" in atters ofpuli! interestL /plain'SUGGESTED ANSWER:OesH the 1987 Constitution pro%i&es for a poli!"of transparen!" in atters of puli! interest'

Se!tion 28H +rti!le 55 of the 1987Constitution pro%i&es:1' Sue!t to reasonale !on&itions

pres!rie& " lawH the State a&opts an&

ipleents a poli!" of full &is!losure of all

its transa!tions in%ol%in, puli! interestH

2' Se!tion 7H +rti!le 555 of the 1987 Constitutionstates: he ri,ht of the peopleto inforation on atters of puli!!on!ern shall e re!o,ni=e&H +!!essto offi!ial re!or&sH an& to &o!uentsHan& papers pertainin, to offi!ial a!tsH

transa!tionsH or &e!isionsH as well asto ,o%ernent resear!h &ata use& asasis for poli!" &e%elopentH shall eaffor&e& the !iti=enH sue!t to su!hliitations as a" e pro%i&e& " law'

3' Se!tion 20H +rti!le E5 of the 1987

Constitution rea&s: he re!or&s an& ooDs of

a!!ount of the Con,ress shall e

preser%e& an& e open to the puli! in

a!!or&an!e with lawH an& su!h ooDs shall e

au&ite& " the Coission on +u&it whi!h

shall pulish annuall" an itei=e& list ofaounts pai& to an& epenses in!urre& for

ea!h eer'

#'


27/191

are& for!es with ,eneral or fla, ranD file&upon their assuption of offi!e shall e&is!lose& to the puli! in theanner pro%i&e& " law'

' Se!tion 21H +rti!le M55 of the Constitution

&e!lares: 5nforation on forei,n loans

otaine& or ,uarantee& " the ,o%ernent

shall e a&e a%ailale to the puli!'

' +s hel& in Ealonte %s' elonteH $'' No'7#930H Fe' 13H 1989H these pro%isionson puli! &is!losures are inten&e& toenhan!e the role of the !iti=enr" in,o%ernental &e!ision*aDin, as wellas in !he!Din, ause in ,o%ernent'

Tran+*aren(y8 Matter+ &) P3b'i(

Intere+t 9"666No E' State at least three !onstitutional

pro%isions refle!tin, the State poli!" on

transparen!" in atters of puli! interest' 6hat is

the purpose of sai& poli!"L ()SUGGESTED ANSWER:he followin, are the !onstitutionalpro%isions refle!tin, the State poli!" ontransparen!" in atters of puli! interest:1' Sue!t to reasonale !on&itions

pres!rie& " lawH the State a&opts an&

5pleents a poli!" of full puli! &is!losure of

all its transa!tions in%ol%in, puli! interest'

(Se!tion 28H +rti!le 55)

2' he ri,ht of the people to inforation on

atters of puli! !on!ern shall e re!o,ni=e&'

+!!ess to offi!ial re!or&sH an& to &o!uentsH

an& papers pertainin, to offi!ial a!tsH

transa!tionsH or &e!isionsH as well as to

,o%ernent resear!h &ata use& as asis for

poli!" &e%elopentH shall e affor&e& to !iti=enH

sue!t to su!h liitations as a" e pro%i&e&

" law' (Se!tion 7H +rti!le 555)

3' he re!or&s an& ooDs of a!!ounts of the

Con,ress shall e preser%e& an& e open to

the puli! in a!!or&an!e with lawH an& su!h

ooDs shall e au&ite& " the Coission on

+u&it whi!h shall pulish annuall" an itei=e&list of aounts pai& to an& epenses in!urre&

for ea!h eer' (Se!tion 20' +rti!le E5)

#' he Affi!e of the Au&san shall ha%ethe followin, powersH fun!tionsH an& &uties:MMM MMM

() Puli!i=e atters !o%ere& " its

in%esti,ation when !ir!ustan!es so

warrant an& with &ue pru&en!eH(Se!tion 12H +rti!le M5)

' + puli! offi!er or eplo"ee shallH upon

assuption of offi!eH an& as often as thereafter a"

e re?uire& " lawH suit a &e!laration un&er

oath of his assetsH liailitiesH an& net worth' 5n

the !ase of the Presi&entH the Ei!e Presi&entH

the eers of the CainetH the Con,ressH

the Supree CourtH the Constitutional

Coissions an& other !onstitutional

offi!esH an& offi!ers of the are& for!es with,eneral or fla, ranDH the &e!laration shall e

&is!lose& to the puli! in the anner pro%i&e&

" law' (Se!tion 17H +rti!le M5)

' 5nforation on forei,n loans otaine& or

,uarantee& " the $o%ernent shall e a&e

a%ailale to the puli!' (Se!tion 21 +rti!le M55)

+s eplaine& 5n Ealonte %' elonteH

170 SC+ 2 (1989)H the purpose of

the poli!" is to prote!t the people fro

ause of ,o%ernental power' 5f a!!ess to

inforation of puli! !on!ern is

&enie&H the postulate puli! offi!e is apuli! trust woul& e ere ept"wor&s'

UNote: he eainee shoul& e ,i%en

full !re&it if he ,i%es an" three of the

ao%e*entione& pro%isions'T

ARTICLE III Bi'' &) Rig,t+

Bi'' &) Attainder 9!#$%

No' M5: Con,ress passe& a law relatin,to offi!ials an& eplo"ees who ha& ser%e&

in the $o%ernent for the perio& froSepteer 21H 1972 up to Feruar" 2H 198'(a) Ane pro%ision of the law &e!lare& all

offi!ials fro the ranD of assistant hea& of a

&epartentH ureauH offi!e or a,en!"


28/191

e in%oDe& e!ause un&er the Free&o

Constitution su!h power !an e eer!ise& onl" "

the Presi&ent an& onl" up to Feruar" 2H 1987'

Sin!e the law un&er ?uestion was presual"

passe& after Feruar" 2H 1987 an& "

Con,ressH it is un!onstitutional'

() 6ith respe!t to the pro%ision re?uirin,the lo"alt" testH lo"alt" as a ,eneral rule

is a rele%ant !onsi&eration in assessin,eplo"eesB fitness' @owe%erH the re?uireentin this !ase is not a ,eneral re?uireentut sin,les out artial law eplo"eesan& therefore is a&inistere& in a&is!riinator" anner' o"alt"H thereforeHwhile a rele%ant !onsi&eration in other!ir!ustan!esH is ein, eplo"e& in this!ase for an un!onstitutional purpose'

Bi'' &) Attainder 9!##6No' 1; /e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1 an& 2 issue& "

Presi&ent Cora=on C' +?uino !reate& the

Presi&ential Coission on $oo& $o%ernent(PC$$) an& epowere& it to se?uester an"

propert" shown pria fa!ie to e ill*,otten

wealth of the late Presi&ent ar!osH his

relati%es an& !ronies' /e!uti%e Ar&er No' 1#

%ests on the San&i,ana"an uris&i!tion to tr"

hi&&en wealth !ases' An +pril 1#H 198H after

an in%esti,ationH the PC$$ se?uestere& the

assets of M CorporationH 5n!'

(1) M CorporationH 5n!' !laie& thatPresi&ent +?uinoH as Presi&entH !oul&not lawfull" issue /e!uti%e Ar&ersNos' 1H 2 an& 1#H whi!h ha%e the for!eof lawH on the ,roun& that le,islation is afun!tion of Con,ress' -e!i&e'

(2) Sai& !orporation also ?uestione& the

%ali&it" of the three ee!uti%e or&ers on the,roun& that the" are ills of attain&er an&H

thereforeH un!onstitutional' -e!i&e'

SUGGESTED ANSWER:(1) /e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1H 2 an& 1#were issue& in 198' +t that tie Presi&entCora=on +?uino eer!ise& le,islati%e power ''''

(2) /e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1H 2 an& 1# are not

ills of attain&er' A bi'' o a++ainder is a

'egis'a+i/e ac+ -ic- in'ic+s p*nis-0en+ i+-o*+

*dicia' +ria'. +!!or&in,l"H it was hel& in ataan

Ship"ar&s an& /n,ineerin, !opan"' 5n!' %'

Presi&ential Coission on $oo& $o%ernentH that

/e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1H 2 an& 1# are not ills of

attain&erH e!ause the" &o not infli!t an"

punishent' An the !ontrar"H the" epressl"

pro%i&e that an" u&,ent that the propert"

se?uestere& is ill*,otten wealth is to e a&e

" a !ourt (the San&i,ana"an) onl" after trial'

C3+t&dia' In0e+tigati&n8

E2tra3di(ia' C&n)e++i&n 9"66!No 5M * afaelH Carlos an& >oseph were

a!!use& of ur&er efore the e,ional rial

Court of anila' +!!use& >oseph turne& state

witness a,ainst his !o*a!!use& afael an&

CarlosH an& was a!!or&in,l" &is!har,e& fro the

inforation' +on, the e%i&en!e presente& "

the prose!ution was an etrau&i!ial!onfession a&e " >oseph &urin, the

!usto&ial 5n%esti,ationH ipli!atin, afael an&

Carlos whoH he sai&H to,ether with hi

(>oseph)H !oitte& the !rie' he

etrau&i!ial !onfession was ee!ute& without the

assistan!e of !ounsel'

+!!use& afael an& Carlos%eheentl" oe!te& on the ,roun& thatsai& etrau&i!ial !onfession wasina&issile in e%i&en!e a,ainst the'

ule on whether the sai&etrau&i!ial !onfession is a&issile ine%i&en!e or not' ()IRST ALTERNATI.E ANSWER:

+!!or&in, to People %s' alisterosH 237 SC+

#99 (199#)H the !onfession is a&issile' araH 1##SC+ 1(198)H the !onfession isina&issile' 5f it is ina&issile a,ainst theone who !onfesse&H with ore reason itshoul& e ina&issile a,ainst others'

C3+t&dia' In0e+tigati&n8 E2tra3di(ia'

C&n)e++i&n8 P&'i(e Line


29/191

1) NoH the i&entifi!ation of -ann"H a pri%ate

personH " an e"ewitness &urin, the line*up

!annot e e!lu&e& in e%i&en!e' 5n a!!or&an!e with

the rulin, in People %s' @attonH 210 SC+ 1H the

a!!use& is not entitle& to e assiste& " !ounsel

&urin, a poli!e line*upH e!ause it is not part of

!usto&ial in%esti,ation'

ALTERNATI.E ANSWER8

OesH in ohn -oe were

!har,e& with roer" in an inforation file&

a,ainst the in !ourt' C an& - set upH in

&efenseH the ille,alit" of their apprehensionH

arrest an& !onfineent ase& on the

i&entifi!ation a&e of the " + an& at a

poli!e line*up at whi!h the" were not assiste&

" !ounsel' @ow woul& "ou resol%e the issues

raise& " C an& -L

SUGGESTED ANSWER:he ar,uents of the a!!use& are untenale'

+s hel& in People %s' +!otH 232 SC+ #0H the

warrantless arrest of a!!use& roers

5e&iatel" after their !oission of the !rie "

poli!e offi!ers sent to looD for the on the

asis of the inforation relate& " the %i!tis is

%ali& un&er Se!tion ()'ule 113 of the ules

on Criinal Pro!e&ure' +!!or&in, to People %s'

asin,H 2#8 SC+ #71H the ri,ht to !ounsel

&oes not eten& to poli!e line*upsH e!ause the"

are not part of !usto&ial in%esti,ations' @owe%erH

a!!or&in, to People %s' a!an 238 SC+ 30H

after the start of !usto&ial in%esti,ationH if

the a!!use& was not assiste& " !ounselH an"

i&entifi!ation of the a!!use& in a poli!e line*up is

ina&issile'

C3+t&dia' In0e+tigati&n8 Rig,t t& C&3n+e'

9!#$$

No' 1: +ran&o Salaan!aH a notoriouspoli!e !hara!terH !ae un&er !usto&ialin%esti,ation for a roer" in Caloo!an Cit"'Fro the outsetH the poli!e offi!ers infore&hi of his ri,ht to reain silentH an& alsohis ri,ht to ha%e a !ounsel of his !hoi!eH ifhe !oul& affor& one or if notH the ,o%ernentwoul& pro%i&e hi with su!h !ounsel'

@e thanDe& the poli!e in%esti,atorsH an&&e!lare& that he full" un&erstan&s the ri,hts

enuerate& to hiH ut thatH he is %oluntaril"

wai%in, the' Claiin, that he sin!erel"

&esires to atone for his is&ee&sH he ,a%e a

written stateent on his parti!ipation in the

!rie un&er in%esti,ation'

5n the !ourse of the trial of the !riinal !ase for the

sae roer"H the written a&ission of

Salaan!a whi!h he ,a%e &urin, the !usto&ial

in%esti,ationH was presente& as the onl"

e%i&en!e of his ,uilt' 5f "ou were his !ounselH

what woul& "ou &oL /plain "our answer'

SUGGESTED ANSWER:5 woul& oe!t to it on the ,roun& that the wai%er of

the ri,hts to silen!e an& to !ounsel is %oi&H

ha%in, een a&e without the presen!e of

!ounsel' (+rt' 555H se!' 12(1); People %' $alitH

13 SC+ # (1980)' he wai%er ust also e in

writin,H althou,h this re?uireent i,ht

possil" ha%e een !oplie& with in this !ase

" eo&"in, the wai%er in the written

!onfession' 5t shoul& also e note& that un&er

ule 13#H se!' 3H e%en if the etrau&i!ial

!onfession is %ali&H it is not a suffi!ient ,roun&for !on%i!tion if it is not !orroorate& "

e%i&en!e of !orpus &eli!ti'


9!##-

No' 17; 5n his etrau&i!ial !onfession ee!ute&efore the poli!e authoritiesH >ose 6alan,taDota&itte& Dillin, his ,irlfrien& in a fit of ealous"'his a&ission was a&e after thefollowin, answer an& ?uestion to wit:

BAR Q&A (as arranged by Topics) POLITICAL LAW (19!"#$$%) "%


30/191

* 5Daw a" a" Darapatan pa rin Duuha n,

seris"o n, isan, ao,a&o para aDatulon, o

sa iesti,as"on, ito at Dun, wala Dan,

aDuhaH iDaw a" ain, ii,"an n, liren,

ao,a&oH ano n,a"on an, i"on, asasaiL

S * Nan&i"an naan po si Fis!al (pointto +ssistant Fis!al +ni!eto alaputo) Da"ahin&i Do na DinaDailan,anan, ao,a&o'

-urin, the trial' >ose 6alan,taDot repu&iate& his

!onfession !onten&in, that it was a&e withoutthe assistan!e of !ounsel an& therefore

5na&issile in e%i&en!e' -e!i&e'

SUGGESTED ANSWER:he !onfession of >ose 6alan,taDot is

ina&issile in e%i&en!e' he warnin, ,i%en to hi

is insuffi!ient in a!!or&an!e with the rulin, in

People %' -ueroH 10# SC+ 379H he shoul&

ha%e een warne& also that he has the ri,ht to

reain silent an& that an" stateent he aDes a"

e use& as e%i&en!e a,ainst hi' esi&esH un&er

+rt' 555H Se!' 12(1) of the ConstitutionH the !ounsel

assistin, a person ein, in%esti,ate& ust e

in&epen&ent' +ssistant Fis!al +ni!eto alaputo!oul& not assist >ose 6alan,taDot' +s hel& in

People %' Ei&u"aH 189 SC+ #03H his fun!tion is

to prose!ute !riinal !ases' o allow hi to a!t as

&efense !ounsel &urin, !usto&ial in%esti,ations

woul& ren&er nu,ator" the !onstitutional

ri,hts of the a!!use& &urin, !usto&ial

in%esti,ation' 6hat the Constitution re?uires is

a !ounsel who will effe!ti%el" un&ertaDe the

&efense of his !lient without an" !onfli!t of

interest' he answer of >ose 6alan,taDot

in&i!ates that he &i& not full" un&erstan& his

ri,hts' @en!eH it !annot e sai& that he Dnowin,l"

an& intelli,entl" wai%e& those ri,hts'


9"666No M5' An A!toer 1H 198H aos was

arreste& " a se!urit" ,uar& e!ause he

appeare& to e suspi!ious an& rou,ht to a

poli!e pre!in!t where in the !ourse of the

in%esti,ation he a&itte& he was the Diller in an

unsol%e& hoi!i&e !oitte& a weeD earlier'

he pro!ee&in,s of his in%esti,ation were put in

writin, an& &ate& A!toer 1H 198H an& the onl"

parti!ipation of !ounsel assi,ne& to hi was his

ere presen!e an& si,nature on the stateent' he

a&issiilit" of the stateent of aos was

pla!e& in issue ut the prose!ution !lais that the

!onfession was taDen on A!toer 1H 198 an&

the 1987 Constitution pro%i&in, for the ri,ht to

!ounsel of !hoi!e an& opportunit" to retainH tooD

effe!t onl" on Feruar" 2H 1987 an& !annot e ,i%en

retroa!ti%e effe!t' ule on this' (3)

SUGGESTED ANSWER:

he !onfession of aos is not a&issileHsin!e the !ounsel assi,ne& to hi &i&not a&%ise hi of his ri,hts' he fa!tthat his !onfession was taDen efore theeffe!ti%it" of the 1987 Constitution is of nooent' /%en prior to the effe!ti%it" of the1987 ConstitutionH the Supree Courtalrea&" lai& &own stri!t rules on wai%er of

the ri,hts &urin, in%esti,ation in the !ase ofPeople %' $alitH 13 SC+ # (198)'

C3+t&dia' In0e+tigati&n8 Rig,t t& C&3n+e'8

Re(ei*t &) Pr&*erty Sei/ed 9"66"No E555' Ane &a" a passen,er us !on&u!tor

foun& a anBs han&a, left in the us' 6hen

the !on&u!tor opene& the a,H he foun& insi&e a

!atlin, !ar& with the ownerBs nae (-ante

$alan,) an& a&&ressH a few hun&re& peso illsH an&

a sall plasti! a, !ontainin, a white

pow&er" sustan!e' @e rou,ht the pow&er"

sustan!e to the National ureau of

5n%esti,ation for laorator" eaination an& itwas &eterine& to e ethaphetaine

h"&ro!hlori&e or shauH a prohiite& &ru,'

-ante $alan, was suse?uentl" tra!e& an&foun& an& rou,ht to the N5 Affi!e where he

a&itte& ownership of the han&a, an& its!ontents' 5n the !ourse of the interro,ation "

N5 a,entsH an& without the presen!e an&

assistan!e of !ounselH $alan, was a&e to si,n

a re!eipt for the plasti! a, an& its shau !ontents'

$alan, was !har,e& with ille,al possession

of prohiite& &ru,s an& was !on%i!te&'

An appeal he !onten&s that *+' he plasti! a, an& its !ontents are

ina&issile in e%i&en!e ein, the pro&u!t of

an ille,al sear!h an& sei=ure; (3) an&

' he re!eipt he si,ne& is also ina&issileas his ri,hts un&er !usto&ial in%esti,ation

were not oser%e&' (2)

-e!i&e the !ase with reasons'

SUGGESTED ANSWER:+' 5t is a&issile'''' he re!eipt whi!h $alan, si,ne&without the assistan!e of !ounsel is not

a&issile in e%i&en!e' +s hel& in People%' CastroH 27# SC+ 11 U1997)H sin!ethe re!eipt is a &o!uent a&ittin, theoffense !har,e&H $alan, shoul& ha%e eenassiste& " !ounsel as re?uire& " +rti!le555H Se!tion 11 of the Constitution'

C3+t&dia' In0e+tigati&n8 P&'i(e Line


31/191

18*"ear ol& ,irlH a nei,hor' @e went to the

poli!e station a weeD later an& presente&

hiself to the &esD ser,eant' Coin!i&entall"H the

rape %i!ti was in the preises ee!utin, an

etrau&i!ial stateent' >ohannH alon, with si

() other suspe!tsH were pla!e& in a poli!e line* up

an& the ,irl pointe& to hi as the rapist'

>ohann was arreste& an& lo!De& up in a !ell'

>ohann was !har,e& with rape in !ourt ut prior to

arrai,nent in%oDe& his ri,ht to preliinar"in%esti,ation' his was &enie& " the u&,eH an&

thusH trial pro!ee&e&' +fter the prose!utionpresente& se%eral witnessesH >ohann throu,h

!ounselH in%oDe& the ri,ht to ail an& file& aotion thereforH whi!h was &enie& outri,ht "

the >u&,e' >ohann now files a petition for

!ertiorari efore the Court of +ppeals ar,uin,

that:

2) @e shoul& ha%e een infore& of his ri,htto e represente& " !ounsel prior tohis i&entifi!ation %ia the poli!e line up' -e!i&e'SUGGESTED ANSWER:

2T Pursuant to the &e!ision in People us'Castillo' 213' SC+ 777H >ohann nee& not e

infore& of his ri,ht to !ounsel prior to his

i&entifi!ation &urin, the poli!e line*up' he

poli!e line*up is not part of !usto&ial

in%esti,ationH sin!e >ohann was not ein,

?uestione& ut was erel" ein, asDe& toehiit his o&" for i&entifi!ation " a witness'

ALTERNATI.E ANSWER5t a" e ar,ue& that in


32/191

2) Neither is the re!eipt he si,ne& a&issileHhis ri,hts un&er !usto&ial in%esti,ationnot ha%in, een oser%e&' -e!i&e'

SUGGESTED ANSWER:An the assuption that the issues weretiel" raise& the answers are as follows:1) he pa!Da,es are a&issile in e%i&en!e' '''

2) he re!eipt is not a&issile in e%i&en!e'

+!!or&in, to the rulin, in People %s' irantesH209 SC+ 179H su!h re!eipt is in effe!t an

etrau&i!ial !onfession of the !oission of an

offense' @en!eH if it was si,ne& without the

assistan!e of !ounselH in a!!or&an!e with

Se!tion 12(3)H +rti!le 5E of the ConstitutionH it is

ina&issile in e%i&en!e' People %' -uhanH

1#2 SC+ 100 (198)Q'

C3+t&dia' In0e+tigati&n8 Rig,t+ 9!##?No' 3: 1) +H who was arreste& as a suspe!t in a

ur&er !ase was not represente& " !ounsel

&urin, the ?uestion an& answer sta,e'

@owe%erH efore he was asDe& to si,n hisstateents to the poli!e in%esti,atorH the latter

pro%i&e& + with a !ounselH who happene& to e at

the poli!e station' +fter !onferrin, with +H the

!ounsel tol& the poli!e in%esti,ator that + was

rea&" to si,n the stateents'

Can the stateents of + e presente& in !ourtas his !onfessionL /plain'SUGGESTED ANSWER:1) NoH the stateents of + !annot e presente& in

!ourt as his !onfession' @e was not assiste& "

!ounsel &urin, the a!tual ?uestionin,' here is no

showin, that the law"er who elate&l" !onferre&

with hi full" eplaine& to hi the nature an&

!onse?uen!es of his !onfession' 5n People %s'

Copil 2## SC+ 13H the Supree Court

hel& that the a!!use& ust e assiste& "

!ounsel &urin, the a!tual ?uestionin, an&

the elate& assistan!e of !ounsel efore he

si,ne& the !onfession &oes not !ure the &efe!t'

ALTERNATI.E ANSWER:OesH the stateents of + !an e presente& in

!ourt as his !onfession' +s hel& in People %s'

ousH 2#2 SC+ 732H e%en if the a!!use& was notassiste& " !ounsel &urin, the ?uestionin,H his

!onfession is a&issile if he was ale to

!onsult a law"er efore he si,ne&'

C3+t&dia' In0e+tigati&n8 Rig,t+ 9!#$#No' 7: Pursuin, reports that ,reat ?uantities of

prohiite& &ru,s are ein, su,,le& at

ni,httie throu,h the shores of Ca%iteH the

Southern u=on Coan& set up !he!Dpoints at

the en& of the Ca%ite !oastal roa& to sear!h

passin, otor %ehi!les' + 19*"ear ol& o"H who

finishe& fifth ,ra&eH while &ri%in,H was stoppe&

" the authorities at the !he!Dpoint' 6ithout an"

oe!tion fro hiH his !ar was inspe!te&H an&

the sear!h "iel&e& ariuana lea%es hi&&en in the

trunD !opartent of the !ar' he prohiite&

&ru, was proptl" sei=e&H an& the o" was

rou,ht to the poli!e station for ?uestionin,'

(1) 6as the sear!h without warrant le,alL(2) efore interro,ationH the poli!ean on &ut"infore& the o" in /n,lish that he &oes ha%ea ri,ht to reain silent an& the ri,ht to !ounsel'@owe%erH there was no !ounsel a%ailale asit was i&ni,ht' @e &e!lare& orall" that he &i&not nee& an" law"er as he was inno!entH sin!ehe was onl" rin,in, the ariuana lea%esto his eplo"er in ue=on Cit" an& wasnot a &ru, user' @e was !har,e& with ille,alpossession of prohiite& &ru,s' 5s his wai%erof the ri,ht to !ounsel %ali&LSUGGESTED ANSWER:

(1) NoH the sear!h was not %ali&H e!ause therewas no proale !ause ''''

(2) NoH the wai%er of the ri,ht to !ounsel is not%ali&H sin!e it was not re&u!e& in writin,an& a&e in the presen!e of !ounsel'


33/191

an& aDes %iolation of the prohiition a !rie

punishale " a fine of P2H000'00 to

P100H000'00 an&Ior iprisonent of not less

than onths nor ore than 10 "ears' 5f aliens are

arreste& for fishin, within this =one ut for

soe reason are a!?uitte&H the &e!ision a,ainst

the !annot e appeale& to the Court of

+ppeals e!ause that woul& pla!e the in

&oule eopar&"' his is so well estalishe& that the

Supree Court turne& &own an" pleas for re*eaination of the &o!trine first announ!e& in

Gepner %' oe spe& on without ,i%in, assistan!e

to Nelson' he Fis!al file& two inforations

a,ainst >oeH to wit: (1) re!Dless ipru&en!e

resultin, in &aa,e to propert" with ph"si!al

inuries un&er +rt' 3H PCH efore the C;

an& (2) aan&onent of oneBs %i!ti un&er par' 2

+rt 27H efore the C'

>oe was arrai,ne&H trie& an& !on%i!te&for aan&onent of oneBs %i!ti in theC' @e appeale& to the C' 5t was onl"a "ear later that he was arrai,ne& inthe re!Dless ipru&en!e !har,e eforethe C' @e plea&e& not ,uilt"'

Suse?uentl"H the C affire& the &e!ision of the

C relati%e to the aan&onent of oneBs %i!ti

!har,e' >oe file& a petition for re%iew efore the

Court of +ppealsH in%oDin, his ri,ht to &oule

>eopar&"H !onten&in, that the prose!ution for

aan&onent un&er +rt' 27 of the e%ise&

Penal Co&e is a ar to the prose!ution for

ne,li,en!e un&er +rti!le 3 of the sae Co&e'-e!i&e'

SUGGESTED ANSWER:>oe !annot !lai that his !on%i!tion for

aan&onin, his %i!ti in %iolation of +rti!le 27 of

the e%ise& Penal Co&e is a ar to his

prose!ution for ne,li,en!e un&er +rti!le 3 of the

e%ise& Penal Co&e' +s hel& in aera %' Court of

+ppealsH 198 SC+ 18H there is no &oule

eopar&"H e!ause these two offenses are not

i&enti!al' e!Dless ipru&en!e is a

!rie fallin, un&er the !hapter on !riinal

ne,li,en!eH while aan&onent of oneBs %i!ti is

a !rie fallin, un&er the !hapter on !ries

a,ainst se!urit"' he forer is !oitte& "

eans of !ulpaH while the latter is !oitte& "

eans of &olo' Failure to help oneBs %i!ti is

not an offense " itself nor an eleent of

re!Dless ipru&en!e' 5t erel" 5n!reases the

penalt" " one &e,ree'

D&3b'e 4e&*ardy 9!##%No' 2: he San,,unian, Panlun,so& of anila

appro%e& an or&inan!e (No' 1000) prohiitin,

the operation in the streets within the !it" liits of

tai!a units o%er ei,ht "ears ol& (fro "ear of

anufa!ture)' he iposale penalt" for

%iolation thereof is a fine of P#H000'00 or

iprisonent for one "ear upon the errin,

operator' hereafter an& while the !it"

or&inan!e was alrea&" in effe!t' Con,ress

ena!te& a law (epuli! +!t No' 00)

prohiitin, the operation in the streets of !ities

throu,hout the !ountr" of tai!a units e"on&ten "ears ol&' he iposale penalt" for%iolation thereof is the sae as in Ar&inan!e

No' 1000' +H an ownerIoperator of a tai!a unitoperatin, in the Cit" of anilaH was !har,e&

with %iolation of the !it" or&inan!e'


34/191

5f 5 were the u&,eH 5 woul& &en" the otion'

he &isissal of the first !ase is %oi& an& &oes not

,i%e rise to &oule eopar&"' he &isissal of the

first !ase is aritrar" an& &enie& the prose!ution

&ue pro!ess of law' he trial was set fi%e &a"s

after the arrai,nent' here was no suffi!ient

tie to supoena the witnesses an& this was

the first tie the witnesses faile& to appear' +s

hel& in People %s' -e!laro 170 SC+ 1#2H the

&isissal of a !ase for failure of the witnesses toappear at the initial hearin, is aritrar" an& %oi&

an& &oes not ,i%e rise to &oule eopar&"'

D&3b'e 4e&*ardy 9!###

+' -is!uss the ri,ht of e%er" a!!use&a,ainst &oule eopar&"L (2)SUGGESTED ANSWER:

+!!or&in, to elo %' PeopleH 8 Phil' 7Hthe rule of &oule eopar&" eans thatwhen a person was !har,e& with anoffense an& the !ase was terinate& "

a!?uittal or !on%i!tion or in an" other annerwithout his !onsentH he !annot a,ain e!har,e& with the sae or i&enti!al offense'

D&3b'e 4e&*ardy 9!###C' An A!toer 21H 198H 17 "ear ol& Eir,inia

Sa,ra&o rou,ht a !oplaint a,ainst artin

$eral&e for !onsente& a&u!tion' 6ith the

a!!use& plea&in, not ,uilt" upon arrai,nentH

trial ensue&' +fter trialH a u&,ent of

!on%i!tion was ren&ere& a,ainst $eral&e'

6hen the !ase was appeale& to itH the Court of

+ppeals re%erse& the u&,ent of the rial

CourtH ratio!inatin, an& rulin, as follows: hisis not to sa" that the appellant &i& nothin,

wron,'''she was se&u!e& " the appellant with

proises (of arria,e) ust to a!!oplish hislew& &esi,ns' Oears laterH Eir,inia rou,ht

another !oplaint for ualifie& Se&u!tion'$eral&e presente& a otion to uash on the

,roun& of &oule eopar&"H whi!h otion an&

his suse?uent otion for re!onsi&eration were

&enie&: uestion: a" $eral&e %ali&l" in%oDe

&oule eopar&" in ?uestionin, the institution of the

!ase for ualifie& Se&u!tionL @e pla!e& relian!e

prin!ipall" on the sae e%i&en!e test to

support his stan!e' @e asserte& that the

offenses with whi!h he was !har,e& arose fro

the sae set of fa!ts' FurtheroreH he a%erte&

that the !oplaint for ualifie& Se&u!tion is

arre& " wai%er an& estoppel on the part of the

!oplainantH she ha%in, opte& to !onsi&er the

!ase as !onsente& a&u!tion' Finall"H hear,ue& that her &ela" of ore than ei,ht (8)

"ears efore filin, the se!on& !ase a,ainst hi!onstitute& par&on on the part of

the offen&e& part"' @ow woul& "ou resol%e$eral&Bs !ontentionsL /plain' (#)SUGGESTED ANSWER:$eral&e !annot in%oDe &oule eopar&"'

+!!or&in, to Pere= %' Court of +ppealsH 18

SC+ 23H there is no i&entit" etween

!onsente& a&u!tion an& ?ualifie& se&u!tion'

CANS/N/- +-


35/191

una%ailailit" of prose!ution witnesseswho !oul& not e foun& or lo!ate&H the !riinal!ase was pen&in, trial for a perio& ofse%en "ears'


36/191

hiH an& a re*in%esti,ation was !on&u!te&' he

offi!e of the Fis!al suse?uentl" re!oen&e&

&isissal' An >anuar" 11H 19H the Cit" a"or

returne& the re!or&s of the !ase to the Cit"

Fis!al for the suission of an appropriate

resolution ut no resolution was suitte&' An

ar!h 3H 198H the Cit" Fis!al transitte& the

re!or&s to the Cit" a"or re!oen&in, that

final a!tion thereon e a&e " the Cit" oar& of

5n%esti,ators (C5)' +lthou,h the C5 &i& not!on&u!t an in%esti,ationH the re!or&s show that

oth the uni!ipal oar& an& the Fis!alBs Affi!eehausti%el" hear& the !ase with oth parties

affor&e& aple opportunit" to a&&u!e theire%i&en!e an& ar,ue their !ause' he Poli!e

Coission foun& $at&ula ,uilt" on the asis of

the re!or&s forwar&e& " the C5' $at&ula

!hallen,e& the a&%erse &e!ision of the Poli!e

Coission theori=in, that he was &epri%e&

of &ue pro!ess' uestions: 5s the Poli!e

Coission oun& " the fin&in,s of the Cit"

Fis!alL 5s $at&ulaBs protestation of la!D or non*

oser%an!e of &ue pro!ess well*,roun&e&L /plain"our answers' (#)

SUGGESTED ANSWER:he Poli!e Coission is not oun& " the

fin&in,s of the Cit" Fis!al' 5n an,uat %' &e

CastroH 13 SC+ 08H it was hel& that the

Poli!e Coission is not prohiite& fro

aDin, its own fin&in,s on the asis of its own

e%aluation of the re!or&s' iDewiseH the

protestation of la!D of &ue pro!ess is not well*

,roun&e&H sin!e the hearin,s efore the

uni!ipal oar& an& the Cit" Fis!al offere&

$at&ula the !han!e to e hear&' here is no

&enial of &ue pro!ess if the &e!ision wasren&ere& on the asis of e%i&en!e !ontaine& in the

re!or& an& &is!lose& to the parties affe!te&'

D3e Pr&(e++8 De*&rtati&n 9!##;No' 9: + !oplaint was file& " 5ntelli,en!e

a,ents of the ureau of 5i,ration an&

-eportation (5-) a,ainst Ste%ieH a $eran

nationalH for his &eportation as an un&esirale

alien' he 5i,ration Coissioner &ire!te&

the Spe!ial oar& of 5n?uir" to !on&u!t an

5n%esti,ation' +t the sai& 5n%esti,ationH a law"er

fro the e,al -epartent of the 5-

presente& as witnesses the three 5ntelli,en!ea,ents who file& the !oplaint' An the asis of the

fin&in,sH report an& re!oen&ation of the oar&of Spe!ial 5n?uir"H the 5-

Coissioners unaniousl" %ote& for Ste%ieBs&eportation' Ste%ieBs law"er ?uestione& the

&eportation or&er

1) An the ,roun& that Ste%ie was &enie& &ue

pro!ess e!ause the 5- Coissioners who

ren&ere& the &e!ision were not the ones who

re!ei%e& the e%i&en!eH in %iolation of the@e who &e!i&es ust hear rule' 5s he!orre!tL 2) An the ,roun& that there was a%iolation of &ue pro!ess e!ause the!oplainantsH the prose!utor an& thehearin, offi!ers were all suor&inates of the5- Coissioners who ren&ere& the&eportation &e!ision' 5s he !orre!tLSUGGESTED ANSWER:

1) NoH Ste%ie is not !orre!t' +s hel& in +&ason ++&asonH 5n!' %s' +oresH 12 SC+ 237H

a&inistrati%e &ue pro!ess &oes not re?uire that

the a!tual taDin, of testion" or the

presentation of e%i&en!e efore the sae

offi!er who will &e!i&e the !ase'

5n +eri!an oa!!o Co' %' -ire!tor of PatentsH 7

SC+ 287H the Supree Court has rule& that so

lon, as the a!tual &e!ision on the erits of the

!ases is a&e " the offi!er authori=e& " law

to &e!i&eH the power to hol& a hearin, on the asis

of whi!h his &e!ision will e a&e !an e

&ele,ate& an& is not offensi%e to &uepro!ess' he Court note& that: +s lon, as a

part" is not &epri%e& of his ri,ht to present his

own !ase an& suit e%i&en!e in support

thereofH an& the &e!ision is supporte& " the

e%i&en!e in the re!or&H there is no ?uestion that the

re?uireents of &ue pro!ess an& fair trial are

full" et' 5n shortH there is no aro,ation of

responsiilit" on the part of the offi!er

!on!erne& as the a!tual &e!ision reains with

an& is a&e " sai& offi!er' 5t isH howe%erH

re?uire& that to ,i%e the sustan!e of a hearin,H

whi!h is for the purpose of aDin,

&eterinations upon e%i&en!e the offi!er whoaDes the &eterinations ust !onsi&er an&

appraise the e%i&en!e whi!h ustifies the'

2) NoH Ste%ie was not &enie& &ue pro!ess

sipl" e!ause the !oplainantsH the

prose!utorH an& the hearin, offi!ers were all

suor&inates of the Coissioner of the

ureau of 5i,ration an& -eportation' 5n

a!!or&an!e with the rulin, in /rian,er 4

$alin,erH 5n!' %s' Court of 5n&ustrial elationsH

110 Phil' #70H the fin&in,s of the suor&inates

are not !on!lusi%e upon the CoissionersH

who ha%e the &is!retion to a!!ept or ree!t

the' 6hat is iportant is that Ste%ie was not

&epri%e& of his ri,ht to present his own !ase

an& suit e%i&en!e in support thereofH the

&e!ision is supporte& " sustantial e%i&en!eH

an& the !oissioners a!te& on their own

in&epen&ent !onsi&eration of the law an& fa!ts of

the !aseH an& &i& not sipl" a!!ept the %iews of

their suor&inates in arri%in, at a &e!ision'

BAR Q&A (as arranged by Topics) POLITICAL LAW (19!"#$$%) -;


37/191

D3e Pr&(e++8 &r)eit3re Pr&(eeding+ 9!##-No' 1#: he SIS aso" of Panaanian

re,istr"H while oore& at the South @arorH was

foun& to ha%e !ontraan& ,oo&s on oar&' he

Custos ea foun& out that the %essel &i& notha%e the re?uire& shipBs perit an& shippin,

&o!uents' he %essel an& its !ar,o were hel& an&a warrant of Sei=ure an& -etention was issue&

after &ue in%esti,ation' 5n the !ourse of the

forfeiture pro!ee&in,sH the ship !aptain an& theshipBs resi&ent a,ent ee!ute& sworn

stateents efore the Custo le,al offi!er

a&ittin, that !ontraan& !ar,o were foun&

aoar& the %essel' he shippin, lines oe!t to the

a&ission of the stateents as e%i&en!e

!onten&in, that &urin, their ee!utionH the

!aptain an& the shippin, a,ent were not

assiste& " !ounselH in %iolation of &ue pro!ess'

-e!i&e'

SUGGESTED ANSWER:he a&ission of the stateents of the !aptainan& the shippin, a,ent as e%i&en!e &i& not

%iolate &ue pro!ess e%en if the" werenot assiste& " !ounsel' 5n Fee&er5nternational ineH Pts' t&' %' Court of

+ppealsH 197 SC+ 8#2H 5t was hel& that theassistan!e of !ounsel is not in&ispensale to&ue pro!ess in forfeiture pro!ee&in,s sin!esu!h pro!ee&in,s are not !riinal in nature'

oreo%erH the stri!t rules of e%i&en!e an&

pro!e&ure will not appl" in a&inistrati%e

pro!ee&in,s liDe sei=ure an& forfeiture

pro!ee&in,s' 6hat is iportant is that the

parties are affor&e& the opportunit" to e hear& an&

the &e!ision of the a&inistrati%e authorit" is ase&

on sustantial e%i&en!e'

D3e Pr&(e++8 Media C&0erage d3ring

Hearing 9!##?No 2: +t the trial of a rape !ase where the

%i!ti*!oplainant was a well Dnown

personalit" while the a!!use& was a popular

o%ie starH a E station was allowe& " the trial

u&,e to tele%ise the entire pro!ee&in,s liDe the A'>'

Sipson trial' he a!!use& oe!te& to the E

!o%era,e an& petitione& the Supree Court to

prohiit the s

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