Printed Organic Electronics:

DR MATT GRIFFITHCentre for Organic ElectronicsThe University of Newcastlematthew.griffith@newcastle.edu.au

A New Way to Think About Energy

Centre for Organic Electronics

2

The Priority Research Centre is an initiative of the University of Newcastle that is about 10 years old.

It brings together researchers from Physics, Chemistry and Medicine.

Motivation of the PRCOE

Life is Short.

Build Stuff that Matters.

What does the world need?

Global Challenges

R. E. Smalley; MRS Bulletin, 2005, 30, 412–417.

Professor Richard Smalley1996 Nobel Prize Laureate

Semiconducting Polymers

5

H. Shirakawa, E. J. Louis, A. G. MacDiarmid, A. G. Chiang, K. Chwan, A. J. Heeger, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1977, 16, 578.

Organic Electronic Materials

6

• Flexible

• Tailor molecular properties

• Solution-processable (no vacuum)

• Printable

• Offers key advantages over traditional electronics:

Allows for low cost R2R manufacture

M. J. Griffith, N. P. Holmes, D. C. Elkington, S. Cottam, J. Stamenkovic, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, T. R. Andersen; Nanotechnology, 2019, Article In-Press.

Making (Small) Devices

Mix two organic electronic materials intimately on nanoscale

Force positive charges in one direction, negative charges in the other.

M. J. Griffith, N. A. Cooling, B. Vaughan, K. M. O’Donnell, M. F. Al-Mudhaffer, A. Al-Ahmad, M. Noori, F. Almyahi, W. J. Belcher, P. C. Dastoor; Energy Technol., 2015, 3, 428-436.

Scaling Up Materials Synthesis

R2R fabrication consumes a lot of materials!

Retail Purchase◦ P3HT synthesis (1g scale): $700/g

◦ Functionalized Fullerene (1g scale): $1,000/g

In-House Synthesis at COE◦ P3HT synthesis and functionalized mixed fullerene

◦ 100g scale; costs reduced by orders of magnitude

N. A. Cooling, E. F. Barnes, F. Almyahi, K. Feron, M. Al‐Mudhaffer, A. Al‐Ahmad, B. Vaughan, T. R. Andersen, M. J. Griffith, A. S. Hart, A. G. Lyons, W. J. Belcher, P. C. Dastoor; J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 10274.

Remove CHCl3Ultrasonification

Two Phase System Miniemulsion NP Dispersion

Mix phases together

60 °C, 3-4 hr

NP Structure P3HT shellPCBM Core

PC60BM P3HT

P3HT Shell

PCBM Core

M.F. Al-Mudhaffer, K. Feron, N.C. Nicolaidis, N.A. Cooling, X. Zhou, J. Holdsworth, W.J. Belcher, P.C. Dastoor, M.J. Griffith; Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2017, 175, 77-88.

Create discrete pre-blended nanoparticles in water

Control nanostructure in tuneable lab synthesis

Eliminates toxic solvents from fabrication process

Water Based Solar Paint

R2R Printing and Sputtering

Acquired R2R coating line and sputter coater◦ Capable of fabrication at 20 m/min

◦ Multiple printing techniques end stations (modular system)

◦ Use to create solar cells, transistors and sensors

The Fabrication Process

PacPrint 2017 12

A Decade of Work up for Inspection

Designed, printed and constructed a public large area solar demo at PacPrint(Melbourne Exhibition Centre, May 2017)

2018: Pre-Commercial Demonstration14

Innovations Connections project Technology Demonstration (TRL7 TRL8) 150 m2 installed on CHEP roof at Beresfield

Build Stuff that Matters

Inputs to LCOE

C.J. Mulligan, M. Wilson, G. Bryant, X. Zhou, W.J. Belcher, P.C. Dastoor,, Solar Energy Mater. & Solar Cells, 2014, 120, 9-17.

Beyond Solar Cells

Printed Glucose Sensors

Carbon-based electronics

Ready integration of biomolecules/enzymes

Achieve glucose sensitivity at saliva levels

Platform technology: explosives, food safety

D.C. Elkington, N.A. Cooling, W.J. Belcher, P.C. Dastoor, X. Zhou; Electronics, 2014, 3, 234-254.

Medical Technology

Organic electronic arrays for radiation dose measurements

Printed Sweat Sensors

-0.09

-0.08

-0.07

-0.06

-0.05

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0 50 100 150

I D(μ

A)

Time (seconds)

Water only

5 mM NaCl(aq)

50 mM NaCl(aq)

Industrial military partner since 2016 Integrate electrolyte sensing in OTFTs Selective ion detection Sensitive to concentrations in sweat Printable low-cost architecture Large scale manufacture

Printed Explosives Sensors

Multinational industry partner since 2012 Use printed light, pressure and plasma sensors Detect underground to detonate explosives Safe, secure, remotely programmable Cheap and disposable

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

LCO

E ($

/kW

h)

Comparison of Technologies

2 yr

3 yr

5 yr

10 yr

OPV lifetime

3%3 yrs 5%

5 yrs

C. J. Mulligan, C. Bilen, X. Zhou, W. J. Belcher, P. C. Dastoor, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 2015, 133, 26-31.

Connecting Research with Industry

Tech Vouchers – $30k (max) ◦ NSW government program◦ Half investment from business, matched by government◦ https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/business-and-industry-

in-nsw/innovation-and-research/techvouchers

Innovations Connections – $100k (max) ◦ Federal government program◦ Half business/half government for SME with annual turnover of $1.5M – $100M ◦ https://www.business.gov.au/assistance/entrepreneurs-programme/innovation-

connections

Both eligible for ATO R&D tax incentive◦ 43.5% refundable offset for business with turnover under $20M◦ 38.5% refundable offset for all other entities