Priniciples of Growth & Development
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Transcript of Priniciples of Growth & Development
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Principles of Growth &
Development
Presented By
Christine Hicks
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Nursing Process Overview
Assessment
History Taking with Child & Parent
Observation
Use of Assessment Tools (such as):
Height & Weight Charts
Developmental Milestones
Denver II
Vision & Hearing Screenings
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Nursing Diagnoses (examples)
Risk for altered growth & development
Altered growth & development
Family Coping
Altered Nutrition
Knowledge Deficit
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Planning
Wholistic Care--physical, emotional, cultural,
cognitive, spiritual, social, nutritional
Individualized NCP
Inclusion of Family members, Caregivers, &
Teachers
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Implementation
Goal is to encourage age-appropriate self-care
activities
Work closely with Parents
Nurse acts as a Role Model
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Evaluation
On-going evaluation hopefully leads to early
detection of problems
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Role of the Nurse and Growth &
Development Health Promotion & Illness Prevention
Anticipatory Guidance
Safety
Screenings/Health Care
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Health Restoration & Maintenance
Patient Education
Affect of Illness on Physical Growth
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Principles of Growth &
Development Terms
Growth
Development/Maturation
Psychosexual
Psychosocial
Moral Cognitive
Developmental Task
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Patterns (p. 749)
Continuous
Proceeds in orderly sequence
Predictable stages/different rates
All body systems do not develop at same rate
Development is cephalocaudal
Development is proximal to distal
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Gross to refined skills
Optimum time for experiences
Neonatal reflexes must be lost
Many behaviors/skills are learned by practice
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Factors Influencing Growth &
Development Genetics
Gender
Health
Intelligence
Temperment
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Environment
Socioeconomic Level
Parent-Child Relationship
Ordinal Position in the Family
Health
Nutrition
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Nutrition (p.753-754)
Variety of Foods
Balance Food & Activity
Plenty of Grains, Vegetables, & Fruits
Low in Fat, Saturated Fats & Cholesterol
Moderation of Sugars, Salt & Sodium
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Patient Education in Nutrition
Use of Food Pyramid
Components of Healthy Diet
Vegetarian Diets
Alcohol Abuse
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Theories of Development
Psychosexual--Freud
Psychosocial--Erikson
Cognitive--Piaget
Moral--Kohlberg
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Freud
Id-Ego-Superego of Personality
Development
Stages of Psychosexual Development
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Id
Ego
Superego
Instinctual Drives
Individual/Reality
Society
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Stages
Infant--Oral
Toddler--Anal
Explores world with
mouth/tongue
Thumbsucking;Breastfeeding
Control of urination &
defecation
Toilet Training
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Preschooler--Phallic
School-age--Latent
Sexual Identity--
notices boys & girls
Questions about birth
Nonactive
development
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Adolescent--Genital Establishes
relationships with
opposite sex Dating
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Erikson
Stages of Social Growth & Development
Differences between Freud & Erikson
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Infant--Trust v.
Mistrust
Toddler--Autonomy v.
Shame
Love
Bonding
Independent
Makes Decisions
Expresses Opinion
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Preschooler--Sense of
Initiative v. Guilt
School-age--Sense ofIndustry v. Inferiority
Learns how to do
things
Basic problem solvingskills
Learns how to do
things well
Rewards/Satisfaction
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Adolescent--Sense of
Identity v. Role
Confusion
Body Image
Who he/she is
Emancipation Career/College Choice
Values Strengthen
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Piaget
Stages of Cognitive Development
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Infant-2 Years--
Sensorimotor
Environment-Child
Relationship
Hand-eyeCoordination
Experiments
Memory
Imitation
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2-7 Years--
Perioperational
Thought
Thought becomes
more symbolic
Mental answers ratherthan physical
Concept of Time is
Now
Concept of Distance is
as far as Child can see
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7-12 Yrs--
Concrete Operational
Thought
Systematic Reasoning
Uses memory for
broad concepts Classifications
Concept of Reverse
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12 Yrs--
Formal Operational
Thought
Can solve hypothetical
problems
Use of scientificreasoning
Cause & Effect
Concept of Past,
Present & Future
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Kohlberg
Stages of Moral Development
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2-3 Yrs--
Preconventional;
Stage 1
4-7 Yrs--
Preconventional;
Stage 2
Punishment &
Obedience--needs
clear instructions
Individualism--needs
assistance with self-
care
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7-10 Yrs--
Conventional; Stage 3
10-12 Yrs--
Conventional: Stage 4
Follows the rules;
wants to be good;
helps others
Maintenance of Social
Order; follows rules
from authority; hasdifficulty modifying
procedure
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Older than 2 Yrs--
Postconventional;
Stage 5
Stage 6
Social contract;
follows standards of
society
Ethical principles;
follows internalized
standards of conduct
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Continuing Themes
Development of Play
Development of Language
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Development of Play
Function of Play
Classification of Play
Age Characteristics of Play
Selection of Age-appropriate Toys &
Activities
Toy Safety
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Development of Language
Prelinguistic Stage
Holophrastic Stage
Telegraphic Stage
Preschool Period
Middle Childhood Period
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Continuing Threads
Nutrition
Family-Child Interaction/Family
Functioning
Health Eduation