Principles of Transcendentalism
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Transcript of Principles of Transcendentalism
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Principles of Transcendentalism
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Transcendentalism Philosophical and literary
movement during the middle of the 19th century (1836 – 1860)
Most notable figures are Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau
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Transcendentalism Religious and philosophical
doctrines that emphasize the importance of individual inspiration; mind-search – belief in things without proof; divinity can be found through nature.
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Transcendentalism, cont.
1. Importance of nature2. Self-reliance – depend on
yourself, non-conformity3. Importance of the
individual
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Transcendentalism, cont.
4. Belief in intuition – look for truth in yourself and in nature; transcend the senses.
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Transcendentalism, cont.
5. Oversoul – direct relationship with God; a personal matter to be established by individual himself rather than through church/priest intervention. Spiritual life is very important.
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TranscendentalismMeat of the Philosophy
Logic and reason give way to intuition
Spiritual facts lie in nature Self-examination is key – the
individual is very important
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TranscendentalismMeat of the Philosophy
All things (living and “not” living) are connected and are part of a divine plan - Oversoul
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TranscendentalismKeys to remember
The soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains
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TranscendentalismKeys to remember
Approaching the Creator through the creation … glorification of nature, the simple life and the common man
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The individual communes with
nature and through intuition reaches
the oversoul.
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Emerson says …
Envy is ignorance
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Emerson says …
Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.
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Emerson says …
Nothing can bring you peace but yourself.
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Emerson says …
This time, like all times, is a very good one, if we but know what to do with it.
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Emerson says …
Insist on yourself; never imitate.
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Emerson says …
What is the hardest task in the world? To think.
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Emerson says …
Be an opener of doors for such as come after thee.
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Emerson says …
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
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Emerson says …
A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere. Before him, I may think aloud.
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Emerson says …
The reward of a thing well done is to have done it.
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Thoreau’s Transcendentalist Principles
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God as Nature Look inside
yourself for divine guidance in learning to understand the nature of God.
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Contemplation of Divine Nature and Nature
Live life close to nature for there a person can most successfully contemplate his reason for being
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Search for Meaning A person should
devote himself to the search for the meaning of oneself and other living things, not in the accumulation of material goods.
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Physical and Mental Work A person
should be both physically and intellectually active throughout life.
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Know Thyself Thoreau believed
the best way to “know oneself” was to become a person of principle and then to live life by these principles.
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Know Thyself These principles
can be found through contemplating self and through working close to nature.
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Know Thyself Having developed
this personal code, a person should abide by it, even if such action puts the person in conflict with the majority of society.
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Know Thyself Follow the
dictates of your own conscience.
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Time and Personal Growth A person
should work for money only such time as is necessary to fulfill his basic needs.
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Time and Personal Growth Give time
priority to personal growth rather than working for money.
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Least Government Best A person should
have the courage to practice some form of non-violent law-breaking if he believes the law to be in violation of his principles.
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Least Government Best Of course, he also
has to be willing to take the consequences that the government might invoke.
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Determine Truth for Yourself A person should
accept only those traditions which appear to be true and should reject the rest.
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Determine Truth for Yourself This principle
therefore requires “living today for today” since yesterday is gone and tomorrow may never come.
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Be Yourself This ninth
principle, in a sense, is a summation of all the rest.
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Be Yourself Thoreau believed that if a
person will exercise the self-discipline necessary for the study of himself in relation to nature and mankind as outlined by the first eight principles, he will have a rich, rewarding life.
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Be Yourself Consequently,
the last principle is to be yourself by exercising the self-discipline necessary to live by the first eight principles.