Principles of practical determination: Taxonomy and ...Until 90’s: a specialist affair… 9Delay,...
Transcript of Principles of practical determination: Taxonomy and ...Until 90’s: a specialist affair… 9Delay,...
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PrinciplesPrinciples ofofpracticalpractical determinationdetermination::TaxonomyTaxonomy andand pragmatismpragmatism..
Christian Chauvin
I principi della determinazione pratica :tassonomia e pragmatismo.
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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What is taxonomic determination?
Assigning a name to an organism
Taxonomic level: Genus? Species? Sub-species or variety?Form?
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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Until 90’s: a specialist affair…
Delay,
Now: new tools available from research spheregenomicstatistic morphometry
Poor treatement capacity (only for few samples),
(Cost).
BUT : One group, one specialist,
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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Reference books and scientific publications
Abilities required (pre-determination),
Difficult to use,
Access not easy for the generalists,
Not adaptated to a pratical and « on field » use.
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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P. BOURRELLY, 1981, 1985, 1990
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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Problems to deal with:
Taxonomy is an evolutive notionPeriodical revisions
Some groups are notoriously unstableRanunculus, Mosses
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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Heterotrophicorganisms(Myceta,bacteria)
Alguae -filamentous,gelatinous or
incrustingthallus
Macro-alguae(Characea)
Alguae -Cyanobacteria
Lichens Bryophytes -Mosses
Bryophytes -Liverworts
Pteridophytes(Ferns,
Horsetails)
Hydrophyticphanerogams
Helophyticphanerogams
Taxa taken into account in IBMR
208 taxa8 vegetal groups
Knowing all the groups needed?
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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Applying classical botanical criteria?
Ranunculus sp.Flotting leaves shape,Flower characteristics
? ?
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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Mosses:Morphology of sporophytes
? ?
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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Routine indicial methods:new requirements
Affordable for non specialist hydroecologists
Covering all groups of a biological element
Not too expensive
Reference documents (guidebooks)
Professionnal training
Means
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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What criteria?
Practicals features.None high technic needed
« Field » philosophy.Good efficiency, usable on field (at last in part)
Vegetative criteria.Recognition even if not flowering or fructification
Ecomorphoses considered.Taking in account of the high shape variability
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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100 µm
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
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Guide pratique de détermination générique des algues d’eau douceS. Rodriguez & J.P. Vergon, 1996
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Problems of synonymyEstablishing reference lists (national and European levels)Common codification of aquatic taxa
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
We need doing choices…Taxonomic levelAccording to the realistic feasibility (e.g. Algae)and the knowledge about autoecology (sub-species, morphoses).
Excluding some groupsToo unstable taxonomy,Evolutive bioindication (e.g. alien and invasive species).
Taking into account practical problemsAggregating very close or undistinguishable speciesEvolutive bioindication (e.g. alien and invasive species).
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Hydrobiological routine methodsalso have to consider the available tools…
A relevant method is firstly an applicable method !
Giornata mondiale dei fiumi – 20-22 marzo 2006. Imola
Scientific spherehave to consider routine application…
We need to transfer knowledge to field operators !
Bioassessing water qualityis making both meeting.
Pragmatism
Taxonomy
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AssociationFrançaise de Limnologie
Thank you !