Principles of Management Learning Session # 43 Dr. A. Rashid Kausar.
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Transcript of Principles of Management Learning Session # 43 Dr. A. Rashid Kausar.
![Page 1: Principles of Management Learning Session # 43 Dr. A. Rashid Kausar.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cbb5503460f94983add/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Principles
of
Management
Learning Session # 43
Dr. A. Rashid Kausar
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Re-cap
of
Session # 42
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Information Richness of Channels
Information Information ChannelChannel
Information Information RichnessRichness
Face-to-facediscussion HighestHighest
HighHigh
ModerateModerate
LowLow
LowestLowest
Telephoneconversations
Written letters/memos(individually addressed)
Formal written documents(unaddressed bulletins orreports)
Formal numericdocuments (printouts,budget reports)
RICH RICH
LEAN LEAN
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Managerial Communication
Managerial Communication
Verbal Written or oral use of
words to communicate.
Non-VerbalCommunication by
means of elements and behaviours that are not
coded into words.
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Communication Channels
Patterns of communication flow through which managers and other organisation members can send and receive information.
1. Vertical communication
2. Horizontal communication
3. Informal communication
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Communication Channels
Communication Channels
Vertical Communication
1. Downward CommunicationManagers overuse downward communication.Filtering
(deliberate or accidental).
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Communication Channels
Communication Channels
Vertical Communication:
2. Upward CommunicationCan be distorted by ‘only’ favourable messages going up.Managers don’t encourage upward flow.
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Communication Channels
Communication Channels
Horizontal CommunicationLateral or diagonal message exchange within work-unit
boundaries, involving peers reporting to the same supervisor, or across work-unit boundaries, involving individuals who report
to different supervisors.
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Communication Channels
Communication Channels
Informal CommunicationCommunication which takes place without regard to
hierarchical or task requirements.
ProblemsCan carry gossip/distorted information.
BenefitsValuable tool for continuation/propagation of culture.
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Communication Networks
Patterns through which members of a group or team communicate.
WheelWheel ChainChain ““Y”Y” CircleCircle SpokeSpoke
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Barriers toBarriers toEffectiveEffective
CommunicationCommunicationEmotionsEmotions
SelectiveSelectivePerceptionPerception
NonverbalNonverbalCuesCues
FilteringFiltering
Gender Gender StylesStyles
LanguageLanguage
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Grapevine An informal network that is
active in almost every organization.
1. Important source of information.
2. Identifies issues that employees consider important
and anxiety producing.
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Grapevine
3. Can use the grapevine to disseminate important
information.4. Grapevine cannot be
abolished.Rumors can never be
eliminated entirely.
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Barriers to Communication
Individual BarriersConflicting or inconsistent cues.
Credibility about the subject.
Reluctance to communicate.
Poor listening skills.
Predispositions about the subject.
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Barriers to Communication
Organizational BarriersStatus or power differences.
Different perceptions.
Noise.
Overload.
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Improving Communication Effectiveness
Individual Skills
1. Encourage two-way communication.
2. Be aware of language and meaning.
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Improving Communication Effectiveness
Individual Skills3. Be sensitive to sender’s and
receiver’s perspective.
4. Develop good listening
skills.
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Improving Communication Effectiveness
Organizational Skills1. Follow up.
2. Regulate information flow
3. Understand the richness of media.
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How Technology Affects
Managerial Communication!
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Communication ChannelsCommunication Channels
Electronic Communication
EmailGroupware
Internet
Voice mailTeleconferencing
Videoconferencing
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Information Technology
has changed organizational communication.
1. Disseminates more complete information
2. Provides more opportunities for collaboration
3. Employees are fully accessible
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Effects of IT1. Networked Computer
Systems
Linking computers through compatible hardware and
software.1.e-mail - instantaneous transmission of written
messages
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Effects of IT1. Networked Computer
Systems
2.Instant messaging (IM) interactive real-time communication
3.Voice-mail digitizes a spoken message
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Effects of IT1. Networked Computer
Systems
3. Fax
4. Teleconferencing
5. Videoconferencing6. Electronic data interchange (EDI)
Permits the exchange of standard
business transaction documents.
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1. Networked Computer Systems
7. Intranet - Internet technology that links organizational employees
8. Extranet - Internet technology that links an organization with customers and suppliers
9. Internet-based voice communication - allows users to talk with each other
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2.Wireless Capabilities
Depends on signals sent through space without any
physical connection.Based on microwave signals,
satellites, radio waves, or infrared light rays.