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Leadership

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Defining Leadership

Leadership is the art or process ofinfluencing people so that they willstrive willingly and enthusiastically

toward the achievement of groupgoals.

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Ingredients of Leadership

1. Power

2. A fundamental understanding of

people3. The ability to inspire followers to apply

their full capabilities

4. The leaders style and thedevelopment of a conduciveorganizational climate

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Fundamental Principle ofLeadership

Since people tend to follow those who, intheir view, offer them a means of satisfying

their personal goals, the more managersunderstand what motivates their subordinatesand how these motivators operate, and themore they reflect this understanding in

carrying out their managerial actions, themore effective they are likely to be asleaders.

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Trait and CharismaticApproaches to Leadership

Attempt to identify leadership traits

Great Man theory assumes that leadersare born and not made

Lost much of its acceptability haslimitations

Robert House suggests that charismaticleaders have certain characteristics, such

as self confidence, strong conviction,articulating a vision, being able to initiatechange, communicating high expectationsetc.

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Flow of Influence with ThreeLeadership Styles

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The Managerial Grid

The grid has twodimensions:

1. concern forpeople

2. concern forproduction.

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Leadership as a Continuum

Leadership continuum conceptualizesleadership as involving a variety ofstyles, ranging from one that is highly

boss-centered to one that is highlysubordinate-centered.

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Continuum of Manager-Nonmanager Behavior

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Fiedler's Contingency Approachto Leadership People become leaders not only

because of their personality attributesbut also because of various situational

factors and the interactions betweenleaders and group members.

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Fiedlers Model of Leadership

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Critical Dimensions of theLeadership Situation (Fiedler)

Position power

Task structure

Leader-member relations

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The Path-Goal Approach toLeadership Effectiveness

The main function of the leader is toclarify and set goals with subordinates,

help them find the best path forachieving the goals, and removeobstacles.

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Approach to LeadershipEffectiveness

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Transactional andTransformational Leadership

Transactional leaders identify whatsubordinates need to do to achieve objectives,clarify organizational roles and tasks, set up an

organization structure, reward performance,and provide for the social needs of theirfollowers.

Transformational leaders articulate a vision

and inspire followers. They have the capacity tomotivate, shape the organization culture, andcreate a climate favorable for organizationalchange.

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