Principles of Principles of EcologyEcologyBio C2Bio C2

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of Ecology

I.I. Organisms and their EnvironmentOrganisms and their Environment

A.A. Sharing the worldSharing the world

1. Studying Nature1. Studying Nature

B.B. What is ecology?What is ecology?

1. Definition of ecology1. Definition of ecology

2. Ecological research2. Ecological research

C.C. The BiosphereThe Biosphere

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of Ecology

C.C. The BiosphereThe Biosphere

1. Structure of the biosphere1. Structure of the biosphere

2. The non-living environment2. The non-living environment

3. Living environment3. Living environment

II. Levels of OrganizationII. Levels of Organization

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of Ecology

II.II. Levels of Levels of OrganizationOrganization

A. Population- A. Population- group of same group of same species species interbreeding & interbreeding & living together in living together in same place & timesame place & time

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of Ecology

B. Communities- interacting populations B. Communities- interacting populations in a certain area at the same time.in a certain area at the same time.

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of Ecology

C. C. Ecosystems- interacting populations Ecosystems- interacting populations and the communities’ abiotic factors.and the communities’ abiotic factors.

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of Ecology

C.C. Ecosystems Ecosystems TypesTypes1. Terrestrial1. Terrestrial2. Aquatic2. Aquatic

a. Fresha. Freshb. saltwaterb. saltwater

3. Other Sites3. Other Sites

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of Ecology

An egret can be a An egret can be a predator, prey, and a predator, prey, and a mover of fish eggs and mover of fish eggs and seeds.seeds.

III.III. Organisms in EcosystemsOrganisms in Ecosystems

habitat- habitat- place where organism livesplace where organism lives

A. A. Niche- Niche- strategies & adaptations species strategies & adaptations species use to meet its needs. (Jobs they do)use to meet its needs. (Jobs they do)

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of EcologyIV.IV. Survival Survival

RelationshipsRelationshipsA. A. Predator-Predator-PreyPrey**B. B. MutualismMutualism**C. CommensalismC. CommensalismD. ParasitismD. Parasitism

The caterpillars have nectar The caterpillars have nectar organs which ants drink organs which ants drink from, & acacia tolerates from, & acacia tolerates feeding caterpillars. The feeding caterpillars. The ants appear to provide ants appear to provide protection for both plant & protection for both plant & caterpillar.caterpillar.

Principles of EcologyPrinciples of EcologyIV.IV. Survival Survival

RelationshipsRelationshipsC. C. CommensalismCommensalism

relationship between relationship between two species where two species where one derives one derives benefit & the other benefit & the other is unaffectedis unaffectedD. D. Parasitism-Parasitism- tomato hornworm tomato hornworm with pupating with pupating braconid wasps. braconid wasps.

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES:

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log

Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine

Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting log

Aquatic: Freshwater or Marine

Other: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Habitat

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Habitat

Niche

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Organism

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Organism

Population

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Organism

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Organism

Population

Community

NOT one but ALL these things interacting together make up an ECOSYSTEM

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Includes living & nonliving things organized within BIOMES into the BIOSPHERE.

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Organism

Population

Community

NOT one but ALL these things interacting together make up an ECOSYSTEM

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

EcosystemTYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Includes living & nonliving things organized within BIOMES into the BIOSPHERE.

Organism Population Community Ecosystem

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Organism

Population

Community

NOT one but ALL these things interacting together make up an ECOSYSTEM

Ecosystem

Definition: Characteristics:

Example: Mold growing in ceiling tiles of a building causing allergies Non-Examples:

Ecosystem

Interactions among populations in a community (biotic) within the community’s physical surroundings (abiotic factors)

TYPES: Terrestrial: forest, field meadow, yard, rotting logAquatic: Freshwater or MarineOther: Human Body, Buildings, or Food

Includes living & nonliving things organized within BIOMES into the BIOSPHERE.

Organism Population Community Ecosystem

Habitat

Niche

Resource

Organism

Population

Community

NOT one but ALL these things interacting together make up an ECOSYSTEM

2.2 Nutrition & Energy 2.2 Nutrition & Energy FlowFlow

I.I. How Organisms get EnergyHow Organisms get Energy

A. Producers- AutotrophsA. Producers- Autotrophs

B. Consumers- HeterotrophsB. Consumers- Heterotrophs

1.Herbivores1.Herbivores

2. Carnivores2. Carnivores

3. Scavengers3. Scavengers

4. Omnivores4. Omnivores

5. Decomposers5. Decomposers

2.2 Nutrition & Energy 2.2 Nutrition & Energy FlowFlow

I.I. How Organisms get EnergyHow Organisms get EnergyA. Producers- AutotrophsA. Producers- AutotrophsB. Consumers- HeterotrophsB. Consumers- Heterotrophs

1.Herbivores- eat plants1.Herbivores- eat plants2. Carnivores- eat animals2. Carnivores- eat animals3. Scavengers- eat carrion (dead)3. Scavengers- eat carrion (dead)4. Omnivores- eat both plant & 4. Omnivores- eat both plant &

animalanimal5. Decomposers- breakdown 5. Decomposers- breakdown

compounds into moleculescompounds into molecules

Pyramid of EnergyPyramid of Energy

Nutrition & Energy FlowNutrition & Energy Flow

II.II. Flow of Matter & Flow of Matter & Energy in Energy in EcosystemsEcosystems

A. Food ChainsA. Food Chains

B. Food WebsB. Food Webs

C. Ecological C. Ecological pyramidspyramids

Food ChainsFood Chains

Simple model Simple model scientists use to scientists use to show how food & show how food & energy move energy move

through an through an ecosystem.ecosystem.

Nutrition & Energy FlowNutrition & Energy Flow

III. Cycles in NatureIII. Cycles in NatureA. Water CycleA. Water CycleB. C CycleB. C CycleC. N CycleC. N CycleD. Phosphorus CycleD. Phosphorus Cycle

Phosphorus CyclePhosphorus Cycle