Principles of Animal Diseases

Non-Infectious Disease Causes

Faulty nutrition- ration is not balanced

Metabolic disorder- not adequately digested

Trauma- wounds or injuries

Non-Infectious Disease Causes

Toxic substances- poisonous materials such as chemicals, plants, snakes and spiders

Congenital defects- birth defects

Cattle diseases

Brucellosis- causes abortion during last half of pregnancy, afterbirth retention or sterility

Cattle diseases

Shipping fever- complex with many symptoms such as closed eyes, fever, coughing, diarrhea, or discharge from nose and is more common in young cattle during times of stress such as shipping

Cattle diseases

Many others such as pinkeye, leptospirosis, foot rot, scours, and blackleg

Pink eye:

http://www.agric.nsw.gov.au/reader/1093#Diagnosis

Swine diseases

TGE: transmissible gastroenteritis- caused by a very contagious virus that has symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, with white, yellow or green feces and kills almost 100% of baby pigs infected

Coronaviridae

http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/335/Coronaviruses.html

Swine diseases

Pseudorabies: caused by a virus that has symptoms of fever, vomiting, convulsions, tremors, and causes sudden death of young pigs within 24 hours of appearance of symptoms

Swine diseases

Many others including brucellosis, cholera (now eradicated in US), swine dysentery (scours), leptospirosis, MMA, mycoplasmal pneumonia, SMEDI

Poultry diseases

Aortic rupture- an artery in male turkeys between 8 and 20 weeks ruptures and turkey bleeds to death

Poultry diseases

Newcastle disease is caused by viruses and ahs symptoms of gasping for air, sneezing, breathing difficulties, tremors, and paralysis

Poultry diseases

Avian pox (Fowl pox) is caused by a virus and has symptoms of yellow cankers in the mouth and eyes, scabs around the head

Many others including coccidiosis, bluecomb, blackhead, fowl cholera, and erysipelas

Treatments

Prevention is the best way to control disease Cleanliness Vaccination Quarantine sick animals Avoid exposure to disease Isolate new animals

Treatments

Sanitation and good health management practices are important because some diseases have no treatments

Cattle that have brucellosis must be slaughtered and disposed of properly

Treatments

The recommended treatment for cattle with shipping fever is the use of antibiotics and sulfa drugs

Treatment for scours or swine dysentery is the use of one of the recommended drugs in the drinking water

Treatments

Drugs and vaccines are not effective in controlling and treating TGE and pseudorabies in swine

Aortic rupture in turkeys is prevented by using a lower-energy ration and low-level use of tranquilizers

Treatments

Avian or fowl pox and Newcastle disease have no known cures

Coccidiosis-treated with Coccidiostats Antibiotics are used to treat other

poultry diseases including Ulcerative Enteritis, Chronic Respiratory Disease, Bluecomb, and Avian Influenza

External Parasites

Ticks- blood suckers Lice- blood suckers and biting Mites- cause mange Blowfly- screwworm in larval stage Heel fly- cattle grub Horn fly- smallest bloodsucking

species Other flies- house, horse, stable

External parasites

Tick Louse Mite

www.encarta.msn.com

Internal parasites

Roundworms- stomach worms, ascarids, pinworms, bloodworms, lungworms

Tapeworms- broad tapeworm, beef or pork tapeworm

Flukes

Major problems

Other than death, the most costly result of internal parasites in cattle, swine, and poultry is weight loss or reduced gains

The major external parasites of swine are lice and mites

Major problems

Most external parasites of birds or poultry lower production by sucking blood

Heel fly or cattle grubs cause large financial losses in cattle by lowering rate of gain and damage hides and meat

Major problems

The major internal parasites of poultry are several types of worms

Roundworms cause the most damage of any internal parasites for hogs

Controlling Parasites

The most effective method of control is prevention

Chemicals are the most common method of controlling external parasites

Controlling parasites

Systemic insecticides that spread throughout the animal’s body is the most effective way to treat the heel fly which causes cattle grubs

Controlling parasites

Deworming pregnant sows and gilts a week before farrowing kills the worms and prevents baby pigs from getting worms from their mother’s manure

Controlling parasites

Mites, bedbugs and fowl ticks hide in cracks and crevices in poultry houses during daylight, and those places must be sprayed with approved chemicals during daylight

Controlling parasites

Poultry raised in confinement in cages have little problems with worms

Chemical, mechanical, biological and cultural methods are used to reduce losses from livestock and poultry parasites

THE END!!!