Principles and Elements of Design Applied to Architecture Elements of...Principles and Elements of...
Transcript of Principles and Elements of Design Applied to Architecture Elements of...Principles and Elements of...
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Principles and Elements of
Design Applied to Architecture
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Six integral components used in the
creation of a design:
Line
Color
Form and Shape
Space
Texture
Value
Visual Design Elements
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Vertical Lines
What words come to
mind?
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Horizontal Lines
Microsoft Office clipart
What words come to
mind?
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Diagonal Lines
What words come to
mind?
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Curved Lines
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Types
Vertical – Represents dignity, formality, stability, and
strength
Horizontal – Represents calm, peace, and relaxation
Diagonal – Represents action, activity, excitement, and
movement
Curved – Represents freedom, the natural, having the
appearance of softness, and creates a soothing feeling
or mood
Line
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Color
What effect does this color have on you?
What are some positive and negative
associations you have?
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Form: (3D)The shape and structure of something as
distinguished from its substance or material.
Shape: (2D)The two-dimensional contour that
characterizes an object or area.
Can be organized into organic or geometric
forms/shapes
Form and Shape
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By incorporating the use of space
in your design, you can enlarge or reduce
the visual space.
Types
• Open
•Cramped
•Unused vs. good use of space
Space
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Space
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Space
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Positive vs. Negative Space
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The surface look or feel of something
Smooth Surface
Rough Surface
Which surface reflects more light? Which absorbs
more?
Texture
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Smooth Texture
©iStockphoto.com
Microsoft Office clipart
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Rough Texture
©iStockphoto.com
©iStockphoto.com
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The relative lightness or darkness of a color
Methods
Shade – Degree of darkness of a color
Tint – A pale or faint variation of a color
Value
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Value
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Value©iStockphoto.com
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Seven principles encompass an interesting
design.
•Balance
•Rhythm
•Emphasis
•Proportion and scale
•Movement
•Contrast
•Unity
Visual Design Principles
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Parts of the design are equally distributed to create
a sense of stability. Both physical and visual
balance exist.
Types
•Symmetrical or formal balance
•Asymmetrical or informal balance
•Radial balance
•Vertical balance
•Horizontal balance
Balance
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The elements within the design are identical in
relation to a centerline or axis.
Balance
©iStockphoto.com
Symmetrical or Formal Balance
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Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
Parts of the design are not identical but are equal
in visual weight.
Balance
Wikipedia.org
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Radial Balance
Design elements radiate outward from the center.
Balance
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
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Vertical Balance
The top and bottom parts are equal.
Balance
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The parts on the left and right sides are equal.
Balance
Microsoft Office clipart
©iStockphoto.com
Horizontal Balance
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Balance
Wikipendia.org
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Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture
or pattern
Types
•Regular rhythm
•Graduated rhythm
•Random rhythm
•Gradated rhythm
Rhythm
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Regular Rhythm
An element is repeated at the same
repetition/interval each time.
Rhythm
Microsoft Office clipart Microsoft Office clipart
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Regular Rhythm
An element is repeated at the same
repetition/interval each time.
Rhythm
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
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Random Rhythm
The beats of the
element are random
or are at irregular
intervals.
Rhythm
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Gradated Rhythm
The repeated element is identical with the
exception of one detail increasing or
decreasing gradually with each repetition.
Rhythm
Left: Stack of rocks used
as focal point in
landscaping
Right: The Chinese Tower
English Gardens
Munich, Germany
Microsoft Office clipart
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The feature in a design that
attracts one’s eye – the
focal point
• Emphasis can be
achieved through size,
placement, shape, color,
and/or use of lines
Emphasis
Microsoft Office clipart
Wikipedia.org
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Emphasis
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Emphasis
Microsoft Office clipart
Wikipedia.org
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Comparative
relationships between
elements in a design
with respect to size
5:3 ratio is known as
the Golden Mean
(1.6180339…)
Proportion and Scale
Microsoft Office clipart
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Contrast
Noticeably different
Can be created with
•Color
•Proportion and scale
•Shape
•Texture
•Etc.
©iStockphoto.com
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Flow or feeling of action
Movement
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart
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Unity is achieved by the consistent use of lines,
color, material, and/or texture within a design.
Unity
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Unity