Principle of electricity
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Transcript of Principle of electricity
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Principle of ElectricalPresenter:
Noraide Md YusopRosazmir Mat Rashid
Mohd Norhisham NordinAzhar Md SaadChin Seng Fatt
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Contents
Electrical Circuit1
Ohm’s Law2
Series & Parallel Circuit3
Measuring Current4
Measuring Voltage5
Conclusion6
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ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
All you need to be an inventor is a good imagination and a pile of junk.
-Thomas Edison
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Ohm’s Law
I = V / R
Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854)
I = Current (Amperes) (amps)
V = Voltage (Volts)
R = Resistance (ohms)
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How you should be thinking about electric circuits:Voltage: a force that pushes the current through the circuit (in this picture it would be equivalent to gravity)
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Resistance: friction that impedes flow of current through the circuit (rocks in the river)
How you should be thinking about electric circuits:
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Current: the actual “substance” that is flowing through the wires of the circuit (electrons!)
How you should be thinking about electric circuits:
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Would This Work?
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Would This Work?
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Would This Work?
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The Central Concept: Closed Circuit
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circuit diagram
cell switch
lamp
wires
Scientists usually draw electric circuits using symbols;
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Ohm’s Law Simulation
SimulationClick Here
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Series and Parallel Circuits
Series Circuits only one end of each component is connected e.g. Christmas tree lights
Parallel Circuits both ends of a component are connected e.g. household lighting
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series circuit
1.5V
• voltage is shared between the components
1.5V
3V
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• voltage is the same in all parts of the circuit.
3V
parallel circuit
3V
3V
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Series circuit All in a row 1 path for electricity 1 light goes out and
the circuit is broken
Parallel circuit Many paths for electricity 1 light goes out and the
others stay on
Simple Circuits
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measuring current
Electric current is measured in amps (A)
using an ammeter connected in series in
the circuit.
A
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measuring current
A A
This is how we draw an ammeter in a circuit.
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT
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measuring currentSERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
• current is the same
at all points in the circuit.
2A 2A
2A
• current is shared
between the components
2A2A
1A
1A
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measuring voltage
The ‘electrical push’ which the cell gives to the
current is called the voltage. It is measured in
volts (V) on a voltmeter
V
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measuring voltage
V
This is how we draw a voltmeter in a circuit.
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT
V
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Different cells produce different voltages. The
bigger the voltage supplied by the cell, the bigger
the current.
measuring voltage
Unlike an ammeter, a voltmeter is connected
across the components
Scientist usually use the term Potential
Difference (pd) when they talk about voltage.
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Conclusion
Ohm law is V = I / RElectric circuit has two types of
connection Series circuit Parallel circuit
• Voltage is measured using voltmeter by connected across the components
• Current is measured using ammeter by connected in series in the circuit.
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The End