Principle of boiler operationpoisson.me.dal.ca/site2/courses/mech4840/02_Boiler...8 STOKER FIRED...
Transcript of Principle of boiler operationpoisson.me.dal.ca/site2/courses/mech4840/02_Boiler...8 STOKER FIRED...
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Prabir Basu [email protected]
http://www.dal.ca/~pbasu C301
Principle of boiler operation
Coal-fired Power plant
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BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION 1. FIRING METHOD 2. Energy source 3. Steam use 4. Water circulation 5. Steam pressure 6. Construction
1. FIRING METHOD Grate firing Traveling grate stoker firing Front fired burner Tangential fired Opposed jet firing Down-jet firing Cyclone firing Bubbling fluidized bed Circulating fluidized bed
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2. Energy source Coal Liquid fuel Gas Solid waste Biomass Recovery fuel Waste heat Nuclear fuel
3. Use of steam Utility (Electricity) Industrial Cogeneration Naval Marine Domestic heating Cooking
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4. Types of construction
Packaged shell Packaged water tube Field erected
5. Water circulation Natural Forced Combined
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Packaged Boiler Most process
industries or big apartment complexes prefer this.
Entire boiler is skid mounted
Very compact design, but limited in capacity
DOMESTIC HOT WATER BOILER
Most extensively used boiler in the West
Perhaps most reliable Water in shell and flue
gas in vertical tubes Operates on on-off
control system Burner and fan are
often combined
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STOKER FIRED BOILER
The work horse of first half of 1900
Coal burns in a fixed layer
The grate carrying the fuel is either stationery of moving
Maximum capacity is limited by length of grate
Front fired Water tube
Very popular in intermediate size industries.
Oil/gas is burned is a flame from the front
Front firing is also used in large boiler
Packaged watertube
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Marine water tube Extremely compact Weight and reliability
are more important than efficiency
High flue gas temperature
Tangent wall firing Field erected
pulverized coal fired
Large capacity Flame from four
corners creates vortex at furnace center
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PULVERIZED COAL FIRED BOILER
Bubbling fluidized bed boiler
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Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
WHY SPECIFICATION
This is the first step in a project A good specification saves bundles Over specification is costly Under specification is risky
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SPARE CAPACITY Spare capacity is kept at all levels. It is a
protection against -stoppage of the whole plant due to the failure of a small component ( one feed pump out service)
It also guards the plant against unforeseen difficulties (Blockage in grid plate)
It allows the plant to overcome transient overload (110% MCR)
BOILER SPECIFCATION PARAMETERS
STEAM (flow, pressure, temperature) FEED WATER (economizer inlet temp.) FUEL (type, composition, heating value, physical
properties) SORBENT EMISSION (SO2, NOx, Particulates) SOLID WASTE PRESSURE DROP AUXILIARIES SITE PERSONNEL
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DESIGN STAGES
PRELIMINARY DESIGN DETAIL PROPOSAL DESIGN FINAL DESIGN
-thermal design (process design) - hydrodynamic design (circulation, draft plan) - equipment selection (fan, feeder, ESP, etc) - mechanical design (pressure vessel code)