Principal Part Patterns
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Principal Part Patterns For your vocabulary quizzes, you need to know principal parts for verbs. They aren’t as random as you think. First Conjugation (-āre) These verbs typically have the pattern -o, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, e.g., amo, amāre, amāvī, amātus. Watch out for words like do, dāre, dedī, dātus or sto, stāre, stetī, status, where the perfect is a repeated sound rather than the typical v. Second Conjugation (-ēre) These verbs are less regular. Common patterns are: 1. -eo, -ēre, -uī, -itus, e.g., moneo, monere, monui, monitus 2. -eo, -ēre, -sī, -sus, e.g., maneo, manere, mansi, mansus (don’t confuse these two words!) 3. -eo, -ēre, -evī, -etus, e.g., deleo, delere, delevi, deletus Third Conjugation (-ere) These are the least regular verbs. Let’s look at the different possibilities. 1. Verbs whose perfect is an -s-, or -x-: -o, -ere, -xī/-sī, -tus/-sus, e.g., duco, ducere, duxi, ductus or scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus 2. Verbs whose perfect is a long vowel: -o, -ere, -ī, -tus, e.g., emo, emere, ēmi, em(p)tus 3. Verbs whose perfect does not change from the present: -o, -ere, -ī, -tus, e.g., contendo, contendere, contendi, contentus 4. Third -io verbs -io, -ere, -ī, -tus, e.g., capio, capere, cēpi, captus or facio, facere, fēci, factus Fourth Conjugation (-īre) These verbs are also semi regular, with the pattern like -io, -īre, -īvī, -itus, e.g., audio, audīre, audīvī, auditus. Irregulars 1. Compounds of eo, which often relate to going (eo, īre, iī (ivī), itus, to go) -eo, -īre, -iī (-ivī), -itus 2. Compounds of fero, which often relate to carrying or bearing (fero, ferre, tulī, latus, to carry) -fero, -ferre, -tulī, -latus 3. Compounds of sum, which often relate to being (sum, esse, fui, futurus, to be) -sum, -esse, -fuī, -futurus
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Patterns of Principal Parts in Latin
Transcript of Principal Part Patterns
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Principal Part Patterns
For your vocabulary quizzes, you need to know principal parts for verbs. They arent as random as you think.
First Conjugation (-re) These verbs typically have the pattern -o, -re, -v, -tus, e.g., amo, amre, amv, amtus.
Watch out for words like do, dre, ded, dtus or sto, stre, stet, status, where the perfect is a repeated sound rather than the typical v.
Second Conjugation (-re) These verbs are less regular. Common patterns are:
1. -eo, -re, -u, -itus, e.g., moneo, monere, monui, monitus 2. -eo, -re, -s, -sus, e.g., maneo, manere, mansi, mansus (dont confuse these two words!) 3. -eo, -re, -ev, -etus, e.g., deleo, delere, delevi, deletus
Third Conjugation (-ere) These are the least regular verbs. Lets look at the different possibilities.
1. Verbs whose perfect is an -s-, or -x-: -o, -ere, -x/-s, -tus/-sus, e.g., duco, ducere, duxi, ductus or scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus
2. Verbs whose perfect is a long vowel: -o, -ere, -, -tus, e.g., emo, emere, mi, em(p)tus
3. Verbs whose perfect does not change from the present: -o, -ere, -, -tus, e.g., contendo, contendere, contendi, contentus
4. Third -io verbs -io, -ere, -, -tus, e.g., capio, capere, cpi, captus or facio, facere, fci, factus
Fourth Conjugation (-re) These verbs are also semi regular, with the pattern like -io, -re, -v, -itus, e.g., audio, audre, audv, auditus.
Irregulars 1. Compounds of eo, which often relate to going (eo, re, i (iv), itus, to go)
-eo, -re, -i (-iv), -itus 2. Compounds of fero, which often relate to carrying or bearing (fero, ferre, tul, latus, to carry)
-fero, -ferre, -tul, -latus 3. Compounds of sum, which often relate to being (sum, esse, fui, futurus, to be)
-sum, -esse, -fu, -futurus
