Prince Albert Municipality - Western Cape

Prince Albert Municipality

2017

PRINCE ALBERT: AT A GLANCE

1. DEMOGRAPHICS 1

2. EDUCATION 3

3. HEALTH 7

4. POVERTY 12

5. BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY 15

6. SAFETY AND SECURITY 19

7. THE ECONOMY 24

8. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 28

SOURCES 33

Prince Albert: At a Glance

14 091

Population Estimates, 2018; Actual households, 2016

2016

Contribution to GDP, 2015

Percentage change between 2016 and 2017 in number of reported cases per 100 000

Percentage of households with access to basic services, 2016

Matric Pass Rate

Learner-Teacher Ratio

Gini Coefficient

Human Development Index

Unemployment Rate

4 183

69.2% 55.0

0.56

0.68

2 90.3% 0.0 8.4%

4.5% 11.4%

24.7%

56.5%

-12.9

97.9% 95.4% 96.8% 95.6%

Agriculture, forestry and

fishing

Wholesale and retail trade,

catering and

accommodation

Community, social and personal

services

33.0% 18.2% 15.7%

6

9 20.2%

91.8%

Gr 12 Drop-out Rate 48.1%

Drought

Financial Sustainability (Grant dependency)

2016

2016 2016

Stagnating Economic Growth

2016

1 2017 Socio-economic Profile: Prince Albert Municipality

This first chapter of the SEP focusses on the people living in Prince Albert itself. A demographic

perspective on a municipality allows to observe not only simple changes in population growth,

but also to look at other various developments that influence the social life of every citizen.

Demographics allow to emphasise aspects of society like, e.g. gender, race, migration or life

expectancy. Decisions made by politicians as well as by the administration affect in almost

every case at least one aspect of Demographics. Therefore, a good understanding of this area

is crucial for the government’s work.

The overview of key demographic factors given in this chapter comprises of the estimates of

population size, the distribution of population within age cohorts and furthermore the

dependency ratio, which is of high importance for understanding economic activity in the

area as well as for planning welfare systems. With this short, but informative overview, the SEP

tries to help the municipalities in their budgeting process by delivering precise data as a solid

foundation for future decisions.

1 DEMOGRAPHICS


POPULATION

In 2018, Prince Albert will have an estimated population of 14 091, after five years this

population is estimated to be 14 753. This equates an estimated growing rate in this time span

of 4.69 per cent. The estimated population growth rate of Prince Albert is therefore

0.3 percentage points more than the estimated population growth of its District Central Karoo

which is 4.39 per cent.

AGE COHORTS

Year Children:

0 - 14 Years

Working Age:

15 - 65 Years

Aged:

65 +

Dependency

Ratio

2011 3 883 8 410 839 56.2

2018 3 692 9 323 1 076 51.1

2023 3 532 9 940 1 281 48.4

The above table depicts the population composition regarding age cohorts. The total

population is broken down into three different groups: Age 0 - 14: children; Age 15 - 65: working

age population; Age 65+: seniors. The comparison with the base year of 2011 and the

estimated numbers for 2023 show a growth in the percentage of seniors (aged 65+) relative to

the other age cohorts but more specifically for the working age cohort (15 - 65 years).

This is an important factor in the calculation of the dependency ratio. In Prince Albert, this ratio

was 56.2 in 2011 and will decrease to an estimated 48.4 in 2023. This ratio expresses the

dependency of people who are part of the workforce (age 15 - 65) and those, who are

depending on them (children and seniors). A higher dependency ratio means a higher

pressure on social systems and the delivery of basic services.

Beaufort West Laingsburg Prince Albert

2018 53 168 8 430 14 091

2019 53 689 8 441 14 224

2020 54 213 8 450 14 357

2021 54 739 8 457 14 489

2022 55 266 8 462 14 621

2023 55 796 8 466 14 753

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000


Education and training improves access to employment opportunities and helps to sustain and

accelerate overall development. It expands the range of options available from which a

person can choose to create opportunities for a fulfilling life. Through indirect positive effects

on health and life expectancy, the level of education of a population also influences its

welfare.

Data source: Western Cape Education Department, 2017

2 EDUCATION


LEARNER ENROLMENT

Learner enrolment in Prince Albert increased at an annual average growth rate of 2.19 per

cent between 2014 and 2016, which is an indication that access to education has improved

within the Prince Albert municipal area.

LEARNER-TEACHER RATIO

GRADE 12 DROP-OUT RATES A total of 48.1 per cent of students that enrolled in Grade 10 in 2014 dropped out of school by

the time they reached Grade 12 in 2016. In 2015, the drop-out rate was 40.0 per cent. These

high levels of drop-outs are influenced by a wide array of economic factors including

unemployment, poverty, indigent households, high levels of households with no income or rely

on less than R515 a month and teenage pregnancies.

Beaufort West Prince Albert Laingsburg

2014 10 834 2 097 1 220

2015 10 898 2 068 1 216

2017 10 943 2 143 1 247

0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

The learner–teacher ratio in Prince Albert increased from 31.8 in 2014

to 55.0 in 2016, which could in future affect learner performance within

Prince Albert municipal area. Factors influencing the learner-teacher

ratio is the ability of schools to employ more educators when needed

and the ability to collect fees.


EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES The availability of adequate education facilities such as schools, FET colleges and schools

equipped with libraries and media centres could affect academic outcomes positively.

In 2016, Prince Albert had a total of 5 schools. Given the tough economic climate, schools

have been reporting an increase in parents being unable to pay their school fees. However,

the proportion of no-fee schools remain unchanged at 80.0 per cent between 2014 and 2016.

The number of schools equipped with libraries between 2014 and 2016 remained unchanged

at 4, which could affect the overall education outcomes within the Prince Albert municipal

area.

This chart displays the proportion of no-fee schools within Prince Albert municipal area. The

proportion of no-fee schools within Prince Albert municipal area remained unchanged at

80.0 per cent between 2014 and 2016.

Number of Schools with Libraries Total Number of Schools

2014 4 5

2015 4 5

2016 4 5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Prince Albert

2014 80,0%

2015 80,0%

2016 80,0%

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

60,0%

70,0%

80,0%

90,0%

100,0%


EDUCATION OUTCOMES Education remains one of the key avenues through which the state

is involved in the economy. In preparing individuals for future

engagements in the broader market, policy decisions and choices in

the sphere of education play a critical role in determining the extent

to which future economy and poverty reduction plans can be

realised. This section measures the matric pass rate within the

Prince Albert municipal area.

Prince Albert matric pass rate increased from 76.6 per cent in 2014 to 98.3 per cent in 2015.

However, in 2016 the matric pass rate decreased dramatically to 69.2 per cent. The decrease

in the pass rate can potentially be associated with various social ills.

Beaufort West Prince Albert Laingsburg

2014 67,60% 76,60% 76,60%

2015 85,50% 98,30% 69,20%

2016 76,60% 69,20% 90,30%

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

90,00%

100,00%


Health is another major factor contributing to the general quality of life in Prince Albert. It is

therefore important to monitor the public health facilities as well as a variety of factors such as

diseases like HIV or TB and general topics that affect the community, like maternal health. This

Socio-economic Profile provides the basic statistics concerning those issues. Since this profile

focusses on the public health facilities, private facilities do not appear in it.

Data source: Department of Health, 2017

3 HEALTH


HEALTHCARE FACILITIES All citizens’ right to access to healthcare services are directly affected by the number and

spread of facilities within their geographical reach. South Africa’s healthcare system is geared

in such a way that people have to move from primary, with a referral system, to secondary

and tertiary levels.

In 2016, Prince Albert had a total number of 2 primary healthcare facilities, more specifically, 2

fixed PHC clinics. In addition, there are 3 ART and 6 TB treatment sites within the municipal area.

Whilst the number of ART treatment sites remained unchanged since 2014, the number of non-

fixed PHC clinics decreased notably. There is one district hospital in Prince Albert, but no

community day centre or community health centre.

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES Access to emergency medical services is critical for rural citizens

due to rural distances between towns and health facilities being

much greater than in the urban areas. Combined with the

relatively lower population per square kilometre in rural areas,

ambulance coverage is greater in rural areas in order to

maintain adequate coverage for rural communities.

Provision of more operational ambulances can provide greater

coverage of emergency medical services. Prince Albert, has

2.7 ambulance per 10 000 inhabitants in 2016 which is above the

District average of 1.7 ambulance per 10 000 population.

Number of ARTclinics/

treatment sites

Number ofdistrict hospitals

Number of PHCClinic - non-fixed(mobiles/satelite

)

Number of PHCClinics - Fixed

Number of TBclinics/

treatment sites

Total number ofPHC facilities(Fixed Clinics,

CHCs and CDCs)

2014 3 1 3 2 6 2

2015 3 1 2 2 6 2

2016 3 1 2 2 6 2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


HIV/AIDS

Prince Albert is seeing a steady rise in patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) over the

past three years. Patients receiving antiretroviral treatment increased by 55 between 2014 and

2016. For the 294 patients receiving antiretroviral treatment, as shown earlier in this chapter,

are treated in three clinics or treatment sites. A total of 1 631 registered patients received

antiretroviral treatment in Central Karoo District in 2016. Prince Albert at 294 patients represent

18.0 per cent of the patients receiving ART in Central Karoo District.

The number of new antiretroviral patients declined from 63 in 2014 to 42 in 2016.

HIV transmission rate for the Prince Albert Municipality remained unchanged between 2014

and 2016. This is lower than the Central Karoo District transmission rate of 1.4 per cent.

TUBERCULOSIS

In addition to the rising numbers of HIV/AIDS cases, Prince Albert experiences an increase in

tuberculosis (TB) cases. In 2016, Prince Albert had a total of 130 TB patients compared to 119 in

2014.

119

112

130

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

Number of TB patients

2014

2015

2016

Area

Registered patients

receiving ART

Number of new ART

patients HIV Transmission Rate

2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016

Prince Albert 242 264 294 63 47 42 0.0 0.0 0.0

Central Karoo 1 418 1 416 1 631 327 300 299 3.4 4.3 1.4

HIV/AIDS management is crucial given its implications for

the labour force and the demand for healthcare services.


DEFINITIONS

Immunisation: The immunisation rate is expressed as the percentage of children under the

age of one that were immunised. Immunisation protects both adults and children against

preventable infectious diseases. Low immunisation rates speak to the need for parents to

understand the critical importance of immunisation, as well as the need to encourage

parents to have their young children immunised.

Malnutrition: Expressed as the number of malnourished children under five years per

100 000 people. Malnutrition (either under- or over-nutrition) refers to the condition whereby

an individual does not receive adequate amounts or receives excessive amounts of

nutrients.

Neonatal mortality rate: Measured as the number of neonates dying before reaching

28 days of age, per 1 000 live births in a given year. The first 28 days of life (neonatal period)

represent the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. The Province’s target for 2019 is

6.0 per 1 000 live births.

Low birth weight: Percentage of all babies born in facility that weighed less than 2 500 g. Low

birth weight is associated with a range of both short- and long-term consequences.

CHILD HEALTH

The Department of Health strongly advises mothers to protect their children from infectious

diseases by getting them vaccinated from birth to when they are 12 years old. Vaccination is

free of charge at all health facilities. The Department also runs immunisation campaigns and

health workers are sent to nursery schools and crèches to immunise children.

The immunisation rate in the Prince Albert municipal area increased from 79.9 per cent in 2015

to 90.3 per cent in 2016.

Prince Albert malnutrition rate increased from 12.8 per cent in 2015 to 16.9 per cent in 2016.

Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in the Prince Albert municipal area has shown an increase from

7.8 per 1 000 live births in 2014 to 19.0 deaths per 1 000 live births in 2016. A rise in the NMR may

indicate deterioration in new-born health outcomes, or it may indicate an improvement in the

reporting of neonatal deaths.

The low birth weight indicator deteriorated from 20.7 per cent in 2015 to 23.8 per cent in 2016.

Health Indicator Prince Albert Central Karoo

Immunisation 90.3 74.9

Malnutrition 16.9 10.2

Neonatal mortality rate 19.0 14.0

Low birth weight 23.8% 20.7%


DEFINITIONS

Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the

postpartum period.

Maternal mortality rate: Maternal deaths per 100 000 live births in health facilities. Maternal

death is death occurring during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium of a woman

while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration

and site of pregnancy and irrespective of the cause of death (obstetric and non-obstetric).

Births to teenage mothers: Percentage of babies born to mothers under the age of 18 years.

Teenage pregnancy is almost always unplanned; as a result, when a young parent is placed

in a position to care for their children, life can become particularly tough, especially if they

do not have family or social support.

Termination of pregnancy: The percentage of terminations as a proportion of the female

population aged 15 to 44 years. Government hospitals, designated private doctors and

gynaecologists, and non-profit providers offer safe and legal termination of pregnancy. To

have a free abortion, the request must be made at a primary healthcare clinic, where the

pregnancy will be confirmed, counselling provided, an appointment made, and a referral

letter be given to a facility where the procedure can be performed.

MATERNAL HEALTH

Prince Albert has a zero maternal mortality rate in 2016.

Births to teenage mothers: The delivery rate to women under 18 years has declined from 16.9

in 2015 to 8.4 in 2016.

Termination of pregnancy: The termination of pregnancy rate remains steady at zero for 2015

and 2016.

Health Indicator Prince Albert Central Karoo

Maternal Mortality Ratio 0.0 0.0

Delivery Rate to Women

under 18 years 8.4 8.0

Termination of Pregnancy

Rate 0.0 0.0


This section shows living conditions and economic circumstances of households in the Prince

Albert municipal area based on most recent data including Statistics South Africa’s Non-

Financial Census of Municipalities 2016 and Quantec. Economic theory suggests that when

an economy prospers its households are expected to enjoy a good standard of living. On the

contrary, a declining economy tends to lower the standards of living of people. This section

uses indicators in terms of GDP per capita, income inequality, human development, as well as

indigent households and free basic services to show the current reality of households residing

in the Prince Albert municipal area.

The deteriorating financial health of households and individuals under the weight of economic

pressures, specifically between 2011 and 2015, has resulted in an increase in the poverty levels,

according to the Poverty Trends in South Africa report released by Statistics South Africa in

2017. The report cites rising unemployment levels, low commodity prices, higher consumer

prices, lower investment levels, household dependency on credit, and policy uncertainty as

the key contributors to the economic decline in recent times. These recent findings indicate

that the country will have to reduce poverty at a faster rate than previously planned.

According to the report the categories of people vulnerable to poverty remained to be

African females, children 17 years and younger, people from rural areas, and those with no

education. Inflation-adjusted poverty lines show that food poverty increased from R219 in 2006

to R531 per person per month in 2017. The lower-bound poverty line has increased from R370

in 2006 to R758 per person per month in 2017 while the upper-bound poverty line has increased

from R575 in 2006 to R1 138 per person per month in 2017.

POVERTY

4


GDPR PER CAPITA An increase in real GDPR per capita, i.e. GDPR per person, is experienced only if the real

economic growth rate exceeds the population growth rate. Even though real GDP per capita

reflects changes in the overall well-being of the population, not everyone within an economy

will earn the same amount of money as estimated by the real GDPR per capita indicator.

At 24 537 in 2016, Prince Albert’s real GDPR per capita is well below that of the Central Karoo

District as well as the Western Cape.

INCOME INEQUALITY The National Development Plan has set a target of reducing income inequality in South Africa

from a Gini coefficient of 0.54 in 2010 to 0.6 by 2030. Income inequality has increased between

2010 and 2016 with the exception of 2011 when it dropped below 0.54.

On a positive note, income inequality levels were marginally lower in Prince Albert than in the

Central Karoo District and the Western Cape despite the dominance of agriculture in the

municipal area which indicates inequality between the incomes of farmers and farm workers.

The Gini coefficient for Prince Albert was 0.56 in 2016.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Prince Albert 19 374 19 524 20 641 23 069 22 827 22 805 23 428 23 923 24 574 25 397 25 065 24 537

Central Karoo District 23 150 23 531 25 158 26 846 26 261 26 051 26 596 26 905 27 369 27 927 27 543 26 846

Western Cape 54 363 56 550 59 251 60 656 58 845 59 197 60 423 61 095 61 648 61 935 61 794 61 199

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

GD

PR

pe

r c

ap

ita

0,50

0,52

0,54

0,56

0,58

0,60

0,62

Prince Albert Central Karoo Western Cape

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


HUMAN DEVELOPMENT The United Nations uses the Human Development Index (HDI)1 to assess the relative level of

socio-economic development in countries.

Source: Global Insight, 2017

There has been a general increase in the HDI in Prince Albert, Central Karoo and the whole of

the Western Cape between 2011 and 2015, with the exception of a drop in HDI levels for the

Western Cape for 2016. Prince Albert’s HDI was calculated to be 0.68 in 2016.

INDIGENT HOUSEHOLDS The objective of the indigent policies of municipalities is to alleviate poverty in economically

disadvantaged communities.

Area 2014 2015 2016

Prince Albert 655 707 807

Central Karoo District 6 161 7 353 8 341

Western Cape 404 413 505 585 516 321

Source: Department of Local Government, 2017

The Prince Albert municipal area experienced an increase in the number of indigents between

2014 and 2016, implying an increased demand for indigent support and additional burden on

municipal financial resources.

Similarly, the overall number of indigent households has increased in the Central Karoo District

as well as the Western Cape.

1 The HDI is a composite indicator reflecting education levels, health, and income. It is a measure of peoples' ability

to live a long and healthy life, to communicate, participate in the community and to have sufficient means to be

able to afford a decent living. The HDI is represented by a number between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates a high

level of human development and 0 represents no human development.

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

0,70

0,80

Prince Albert Central Karoo Western Cape

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa states that every citizen has the right to access

to adequate housing and that the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures

within its available resources to achieve the progressive realisation of this right. Access to

housing also includes access to services such as potable water, basic sanitation, safe energy

sources and refuse removal services, to ensure that households enjoy a decent standard of

living.

This section reflects on housing and basic services access levels (Census 2011) and the

incremental progress municipalities have made hereto within the last 5 years (Community

Survey 2016).

5 BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY


HOUSEHOLDS In order to ensure basic service delivery to all, municipal

budget allocations should be informed by credible and

accurate assumptions regarding the number of households

within a municipal area. Access to formal housing and

services in Prince Albert is measured against a total number

of households of 3 578 in 2011 and 4 183 in 2016. Prince Albert

experienced a higher growth rate in the number of

households from 2011 to 2016 relative to the Central Karoo

District.

Area 2011 2016

Average

annual

increase

Average

annual growth

2011 - 2016

Prince Albert 3 578 4 183 121 3.2%

Central Karoo District 19 076 21 980 581 2.9%

ACCESS TO HOUSING

SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households with access to a formal dwelling.

Area 2011 2016

Total

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

growth

2011 - 2016

Prince Albert 93.9% 91.8% 479 96 2.7%

Central Karoo District 97.0% 97.8% 3003 601 3.1%

The number of formal dwellings in Prince Albert increased by

3 003 between 2011 and 2016, at an average annual rate of

2.7 per cent, which translates into approximately

601 additional formal dwellings per year over this period. This

increase in formal dwellings was however unable to keep

pace with the growth in the total number of households,

resulting in the proportion of formal households declining

slightly from 93.9 per cent in 2011 to 91.8 per cent in 2016.


ACCESS TO WATER Given the Western Cape’s current drought situation, great focus is currently placed on water

availability and supply. This goes hand in hand with due consideration for water quality. Access

to safe potable water is essential to prevent the contraction and spread of diseases and

maintaining a healthy life.

SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households with access to piped water inside the dwelling

or yard or within 200 metres from the yard.

Area 2011 2016

Total

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

growth

2011 - 2016

Prince Albert 99.3% 97.9 541 108 2.9%

Central Karoo District 99.4% 95.1 1 930 386 2.0%

Although Prince Albert experienced an annual increase of household access to piped water

(to within 200 metres of the yard) of approximately 541 households per annum between 2011

and 2016, the proportion of households with access declined over this period from

99.3 per cent in 2011 to 97.9 per cent in 2016. This again indicating that access to piped water

was unable to keep pace with the growth in the total number of households.

ACCESS TO SANITATION

Access to sanitation promotes health and dignity through the provision of safe disposal and

treatment of human waste. Where sanitation systems are inadequate, negative health effects

can be extremely serious. The current drought highlights challenges in the use of potable water

within the sanitation services process.

SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households with access to a flush or chemical toilet

connected to the sewerage system.

Area 2011 2016

Total

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

growth

2011 - 2016

Prince Albert 81.6% 95.6 1 079 216 6.5%

Central Karoo District 89.4% 95.4 3 931 786 4.2%

Prince Albert experienced significant progress in household access to sanitation services, as

the proportion of households with access to acceptable standards of sanitation services

increased from 81.6 per cent in 2011 to 95.6 per cent in 2016. The Municipality was able to

provide an additional 1 079 households with access annually; access growing at an average

annual rate of 6.5 per cent.


ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY

Energy is essential for human life; generally identified household uses include energy for

cooking, heating and lighting. Energy sources also have usage risks; for example, health and

safety risks especially in the use of paraffin and open flame usage. The information below

relates to the use of electricity for lighting purposes.

SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households with access to electricity as the primary source

of lighting.

Area 2011 2016

Total

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

growth

2011 - 2016

Prince Albert 86.4% 96.8% 957 191 5.5%

Central Karoo District 79.4% 87.5% 594 119 5.6%

The annual growth in household access to electricity of 191 is above the total household

growth of approximately 121 on average per annum. The proportion of households with

access to electricity increased from 86.4 per cent in 2011 to 96.8 per cent in 2016.

ACCESS TO REFUSE REMOVAL Refuse removal is an essential service that ensures that health related problems are kept at

bay. A lack of or inadequate service is likely to result in uncontrolled and unregulated

dumping. There are growing concerns around the land and environmental limitations in the

creation and lifespan of landfill sites. This would benefit greatly from the ‘reduce – reuse –

recycle’ approach, that firstly encourages non-wasteful consumption practices (reduce), the

reuse of products where possible (reuse) and the recycling of the product where its use in

current form has been exhausted (recycle).

SERVICE STANDARD DEFINITION: Households who have waste removed by local authorities at

least weekly.

Area 2011 2016

Total

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

increase

2011 - 2016

Average

annual

growth

2011 - 2016

Prince Albert 73.4% 95.4% 1 367 273 8.7%

Central Karoo District 78.7% 90.8% 4 946 989 5.9%

Household access to refuse removal increased from 73.4 per cent in 2011 to 95.4 per cent in

2016. Prince Albert experienced significant progress in household access to refuse removal

over this period. The Municipality was able to provide an additional 1 367 households with

access annually; access growing at an average annual rate of 8.7 per cent.


The Constitution upholds the notion that everybody has the right to freedom and security of

the person. The safety of persons and property is therefore vitally important to the physical and

emotional well-being of people and business. Without the respect of person and property, it

would be impossible for people to live peacefully, without fear of attack and for businesses to

flourish.

The extent of crime in South Africa does however not only have a significant impact on the

livelihood of citizens, but also affects the general economy. Crime hampers growth and

discourages investment and capital accumulation. If not addressed with seriousness, it has the

potential to derail both social and economic prosperity.

People’s general impressions, as well as official statistics on safety and crime issues, mould

perceptions of areas as living spaces or places in which to establish businesses. The discussion

in this section that follows is limited to the reported contact and property-related crime such

as murder and sexual crimes, as well as crime heavily dependent on police action for

detecting drug-related crimes and driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs.

SAFETY AND SECURITY

6


MURDER

Definition: Murder is a social contact crime resulting in the loss of life of the victim, but excludes

cases where the loss of life occurred as a result of a response to a crime, for example

self-defence.

Crime remains a prominent issue in South Africa at a high socio-economic cost. Overall, the

country has a very high rate of murder when compared to most countries.

Within the Prince Albert area, the murder rate showed an increase of 56.5 per cent from 17 in

2016 to 27 in 2017 (per 100 000 population), whereas the murder rate within the Central Karoo

District declined by 11.3 per cent from 54 in 2016 to 48 in 2017. The murder rate nevertheless

remains a grave concern throughout the Central Karoo District; especially in the Beaufort West

area where the number of murder cases are substantially higher when compared to the rest

of the District.

SEXUAL OFFENCES

Definition: Sexual offences includes rape (updated to the new definition of rape to provide for

the inclusion of male rape), sex work, pornography, public indecency and human trafficking.

The rate of sexual violence in South Africa is amongst the highest in the world. In addition, a

number of sexual offence incidences often go unreported (as in the case of rape).

The cases of sexual offences in the Prince Albert area declined by 12.9 per cent from 129 in

2016 to 113 in 2017 (per 100 000 population). The Central Karoo District followed a similar trend,

with sexual offences dropping from 184 in 2016 to 143 in 2017 (per 100 000 population).

Area 2016 2017 % Change

Prince Albert

(per 100 000) 17 27 56.5%

Central Karoo District

(per 100 000) 54 48 -11.3%


Prince Albert

(per 100 000) 129 113 -12.9%


(per 100 000) 184 143 -22.1%


DRUG-RELATED CRIMES

Definition: Drug-related crimes refers to the situation where the perpetrator is found to be in

possession of, under the influence of, or selling illegal drugs. This is a crime detected through

police activity rather than reports by members of the public. An increase in crimes of this nature

may therefore reflect an increase in police.

Drug-related crimes have a negative impact on human development by degrading the

quality of life as it infiltrates all aspects of society including families, health, the work

environment and the economy. Drug-related crimes within the Prince Albert area shows a

sharp increase in 2016, up by 24.7 per cent from 1 574 cases in 2016 to 1 962 cases in 2017 (per

100 000 population). The Central Karoo District’s trend is also on an increasing trajectory, with

drug-related crimes increasing by 11.6 per cent from 1 655 in 2016 to 1 847 in 2017

(per 100 000 population).

DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE

Definition: DUI refers to a situation where the driver of a vehicle is found to be over the legal

blood alcohol limit. This is a crime detected through police activity rather than reports by

members of the public.

Despite concerted efforts by government our roads are still considered amongst the most

dangerous in the world. Reckless driving and alcohol consumption remain the top reason for

road accidents.

The number of cases of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs in the Prince Albert area

show an increase of 11.4 per cent from 56 in 2016 to 62 in 2017 (per 100 000 population). In the

Central Karoo District area, the number of cases dropped by 21.8 per cent from 173 in 2016 to

135 in 2017 (per 100 000 population). In this instance, Prince Albert cases of driving under the

influence of drugs and alcohol is below that of the District.


Prince Albert

(per 100 000) 1 574 1 962 24.7%


(per 100 000) 1 655 1 847 11.6%


Prince Albert

(per 100 000) 56 62 11.4%


(per 100 000) 173 135 -21.8%


RESIDENTIAL BURGLARIES

Definition: Residential burglary is defined as the unlawful entry of a residential structure with the

intent to commit a crime, usually a theft.

Given its regular occurrence and the psychological impact on victims, residential burglaries

are an obstinate concern in South Africa. Residential burglary cases within the Prince Albert

area increased by 4.5 per cent from 324 in 2016 to 339 in 2017 (per 100 000 population).

However, residential burglaries within the Central Karoo District declined sharply by

21.8 per cent from 173 in 2016 to 135 in 2017 (per 100 000 population). The number of cases of

residential burglaries crimes remain a serious concern throughout the Central Karoo District

area, especially within Beaufort West as it experienced a significantly higher rate of residential

burglaries than the District.

FATAL CRASHES

Definition: A crash occurrence that caused immediate death to a road user i.e. death upon

impact, flung from the wreckage, burnt to death, etc.

In 2015 there were a total of 3 fatal crashes involving motor vehicles, motorcycles, cyclists and

pedestrians within the jurisdiction of the Prince Albert Municipality. This number increased by

100 per cent to 6 in 2016. The number of fatal crashes in the broader Central Karoo District

increased by 2.7 per cent from 38 crashes in 2015 to 39 in 2016.


Prince Albert

(per 100 000) 324 339 4.5%


(per 100 000) 173 135 -21.8%


Prince Albert 3 6 100%

Central Karoo District 38 39 2.7%


ROAD USER FATALITIES

Definition: The type of road user that died in or during a crash i.e. driver, cyclist, passengers,

pedestrians.

According to a recent study, the majority of road fatalities in Africa fall within the working age

cohort - between the ages of 15 - 44 years - whilst three out of four fatalities were found to be

male (Peden et al., 2013). The untimely death of these primary breadwinners therefore impacts

directly upon not only the livelihood of family structures, but deprive society of active

economic participants that contribute towards growth and development. The

socio-economic impact of such road fatalities has proven to be particularly devastating in

South Africa where the majority of road users hail from poor and vulnerable communities.

The previous section specified that a total of 6 fatal crashes occurred within the Prince Albert

region in 2016. This gave rise to a total of 9 road users succumbing in those crashes. This is 4 more

deaths than the 5 recorded in 2015 which equates to an 80.0 per cent increase in road user

fatalities.

Additional, lower-level information regarding the time, location, gender, ages of above

specified crashes are available from the Department of Transport and Public Works upon

request.


Prince Albert 5 9 80%

Central Karoo District 61 58 4.9%


Economic activity within municipal boundaries is important as it shows the extent of human

development and living standards of communities. Although municipalities have no power to

increase or decrease taxes in order to stimulate economic activity, there are few levers that

local government authorities have control over to contribute to economic performance,

including, among others, procurement of goods and services, job creation through expanded

public works programmes as well as creating an enabling environment for small businesses.

The ability of households to pay for services such as water, electricity, sanitation, and refuse

removal depends on income generated from economic activities. A slowdown in economic

activity may result in job losses and inability of households to pay for services leading to

reduced municipal revenues. Data on macroeconomic performance, especially the

information on sectoral growth and employment, is useful for municipalities’ revenue and

expenditure projections.

THE ECONOMY

7


ECONOMIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE In 2015, 18.1 per cent of the CKD households resided within the Prince Albert municipal area.

The municipal area is sparsely populated, with less than one household per square kilometre

on average.

In the Prince Albert municipal area, the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector makes up almost

20.0 per cent of the GDPR, making this area heavily reliant on this sector and thus very

vulnerable to any changes, on a national and global scale, that impact this sector, including

the drought, rising fuel, maize and feed prices, changes in consumer demand as well as local

pests, diseases and predation prevalent in livestock. The other main economic sectors include

the wholesale, catering and accommodation sector and the general government sector.

Prince Albert GDPR performance per sector, 2005 – 2016

Sector

Contribution

to GDPR (%)

R million

value Trend Real GDPR growth (%)

2015 2015 2005 - 2015 2010 - 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016e

Primary Sector 19.9 83.2 3.2 1.4 1.2 2.3 3.3 9.2 -2.7 -9.0

Agriculture, forestry

and fishing

19.9 83.2 3.2 1.4 1.2 2.3 3.3 9.2 -2.7 -9.0

Mining and quarrying 0.0 - - - - - - - - -

Secondary Sector 13.8 57.7 3.7 2.0 -1.6 0.0 2.4 6.5 0.0 1.5

Manufacturing 3.1 13.0 1.6 3.1 -0.5 1.5 -2.6 5.4 3.4 -1.5

Electricity, gas and

water

2.3 9.8 3.7 3.5 4.9 2.9 1.8 3.1 4.0 -4.1

Construction 8.3 34.9 4.9 1.3 -3.4 -1.4 4.7 7.7 -2.3 4.1

Tertiary Sector 66.4 277.7 4.7 4.2 6.2 5.0 4.9 2.7 2.8 2.0

Wholesale and retail

trade, catering and

accommodation

14.9 62.3 2.7 2.9 4.2 3.8 2.0 1.1 1.0 1.4

Transport, storage

and communication

8.7 36.3 3.8 2.9 4.4 3.1 3.8 3.,2 1.3 1.5

Finance, insurance,

real estate and

business services

8.5 35.5 6.9 5.0 6.5 6.2 3.7 4.5 6.4 4.1

General government 21.5 90.0 5.4 5.0 7.6 5.0 6.2 4.5 2.2 2.8

Community, social

and personal

services

12.8 53.7 5.5 4.9 7.8 7.0 7.9 -0.1 4.1 0.0

Total Prince Albert 100 418.5 4.1 3.2 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.6 1.1 -0.7

Source: Quantec Research, 2017 (e denotes estimate)

In 2016, it is estimated that the Prince Albert municipal area’s economy contracted by 0.7 per

cent; this is the first time the local economy of Prince Albert has contracted over the past

decade. This is as a result of the contraction of the agriculture, forestry and fishing (9.0 per

cent), the electricity, gas and water (4.1 per cent) and the manufacturing (1.5 per cent)

sectors.

Ove the past two years, the primary and secondary sectors have performed poorly. On the

contrary, the tertiary sector has managed to expand at above average rates.


LABOUR The Prince Albert municipal area had a total of 3 650 jobs in 2015. This reflects the limited size

of the Municipality and its economy, as this is much less than the 12 132 jobs in the Beaufort

West municipal area. However, unlike the Beaufort West area, Prince Albert had a positive net

change in employment in 2016 (33 jobs). Over the past five years, 595 new jobs were created,

which surpasses job losses prior to 2011.

The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector employed the most people in the area in 2015

(33.0 per cent of local jobs). However, in terms of job creation over the past decade, most of

the job creation can be attributed to the tertiary sector (the general government and

community, social and personal services sectors) indicating the Prince Albert municipal area’s

job market is diversifying.

Prince Albert employment growth per sector, 2005 - 2016

Contribution to

employment

(%)

Number

of jobs

Trend Employment growth (net change)

Sector 2015 2015 2005 -2015 2010 - 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016e

Primary Sector 33.0 1 206 -252 219 -37 57 54 -62 279 -8

Agriculture, forestry

and fishing

33.0 1 206 -252 219 -37 57 54 -62 279 -8

Mining and quarrying 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Secondary Sector 9.9 361 45 30 8 1 15 18 7 7

Manufacturing 1.4 51 0 1 -1 -5 7 -3 1 -3

Electricity, gas and

water

0.1 5 2 1 -1 0 0 1 0 1

Construction 8.4 305 43 28 10 6 8 20 6 9

Tertiary Sector 57.1 2 083 696 346 65 66 84 89 152 34

Wholesale and retail

trade, catering and

accommodation

18.2 663 175 66 20 21 15 17 21 -4

Transport, storage

and communication

3.3 119 50 21 2 6 7 0 7 -1

Finance, insurance,

real estate and

business services

4.8 176 82 41 9 5 9 6 11 2

General government 15.2 553 201 115 28 17 14 40 -5 19

Community, social

and personal services

15.7 572 188 103 6 17 39 26 29 18

Total Prince Albert 100 3 650 489 595 36 124 153 45 349 33

Source: Quantec Research, 2017 (e denotes estimate)

The Prince Albert municipal area had a total of 3 650 jobs in 2015. This reflects the limited size

of the Municipality and its economy, as this is much less than the 12 132 jobs in the

Beaufort West municipal area. However, unlike the Beaufort West area, Prince Albert had a

positive net change in employment in 2016 (33 jobs). Over the past five years, 595 new jobs

were created, which surpasses job losses prior to 2011.


The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector employed the most people in the area in 2015

(33.0 per cent of local jobs). However, in terms of job creation over the past decade, most of

the job creation can be attributed to the tertiary sector (the general government and

community, social and personal services sectors) indicating the Prince Albert municipal area’s

job market is diversifying.

Unemployment has been steadily rising in the Prince Albert area since 2010, with an

unemployment rate of 19.9 per cent recorded in 2015. In 2016, the unemployment rate of the

Prince Albert area is estimated to have increased to 20.2 per cent, which is lower than that of

the Central Karoo District (23.2 per cent) but higher than that of the Province (18.7 per cent in

2016).

Unemployment Rates for the Western Cape (%)

Area 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016e

Prince Albert 18.1 16.8 17.5 17.8 18.3 17.9 18.2 19.3 19.2 19.7 19.9 20.2

Central Karoo District 21.5 20.6 20.9 20.7 21.0 20.8 21.2 22.0 21.6 22.1 22.6 23.2

Western Cape 16.5 15.8 15.7 15.3 15.8 16.1 16.4 17.0 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.7

Source: Quantec 2017


INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Economic theory and empirical work suggest that public investment in infrastructure will boost

economic growth by stimulating related private sector investments – the so-called “crowding-

in effect” – as well as providing a solid foundation for social development (Swilling, 2006). In

South Africa the importance of infrastructure has not only been emphasised at national level

but also at regional level. The Western Cape Government’s main infrastructure budgets and

investment, both in social and economic infrastructure over the 2017 MTEF, includes spending

by provincial government departments and public entities; as well as spending on public

private partnerships.

In the Western Cape, the region needs efficient transport systems, water and sanitation,

telecommunications and power supplies in order to influence the standard of living of their

populations and regional economic growth. There is, thus, a pressing need to determine

whether government’s strategy on infrastructure investment will yield the desired economic

growth benefits at micro (i.e. project or sector level) or at national or macro level.

8


Provincial Infrastructure Spend

Empirical evidence at a National level has shown that investment in economic infrastructure

has a positive impact on economic growth. This growth however depends crucially on

provincial and municipal performance. All municipalities are tasked with basic service delivery

objectives in order to stimulate local economic development. Population growth and

deteriorating infrastructure has continued to place strain on infrastructure budgets. The

objective of this section is to determine if there is a relationship between infrastructure

investment and growth in the Cape Winelands and to show the success the region has had in

providing infrastructure.

Source: Provincial Treasury, 2017

In fulfilment of Provincial Strategic Goal 1 (PSG 1: Grow the economy and create jobs), the

Western Cape Government has dedicated R28.0 billion towards infrastructure development

across the 2017 Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF). This amount will be spent on new

assets, replacements assets maintenance and repairs, upgrades and additions, rehabilitation,

renovation as well as the refurbishment of existing assets (Western Cape Estimates of Provincial

Revenue and Expenditure, 2017). Of this total, an amount of R26.1 billion has been set aside

for physical infrastructure developments whilst R231.0 million and R1.7 billion will respectively

be channelled towards broadband connectivity and public private partnerships.

The total Provincial Infrastructure budget for 2017/18 amounts to R8.6 billion which will be split

amongst the various municipal districts by taking into consideration a wide array of

socio-economic variables, most notably anticipated population growth trends as well as

estimated economic growth potential, the latter being influenced largely by the 2014 Growth

Potential Study of Towns (Donaldson et al, 2014).

For the financial year 2017/18, the City of Cape Town assumes the majority of the

Western Cape’s infrastructure allocations with an estimated infrastructure spend of R2.4 billion

(28 per cent of Provincial allocation). The Cape Winelands region is another notable receiver

of Infrastructure funding with approximately R1.3 billion (15 per cent) allocated from the

Provincial Government. As will be discussed during the course of this section, it’s the mirroring

of Provincial infrastructure allocation with Municipal infrastructure budgets and plans which will

truly set the Municipality and the Province on a higher growth path and improved

socio-economic environment.

Across districts

R2.6 billion

30%

Cape Winelands

R1.3 billion

15%Central Karoo

R127.7 million

1%

City of Cape Town

R2.4 billion

28%

Eden

R1 billion

12%

Overberg

R416.0 million

5%

West Coast

R731.5 million

9%


Provincial Infrastructure Allocations: Central Karoo

There have been varying levels of infrastructure investments and development across the

131 towns outside the Cape Town Metropolitan areas. Some towns have solid development

potential while others are declining. A number of growth factors have contributed to this

decline (Donaldson et al 2010). Amongst these factors is a deteriorating infrastructure.

Municipal infrastructure consists mainly of bulk treatment plants, pump networks, pump stations

treatment works, reservoirs and distribution pipelines, electricity transmission and distribution

infrastructure. In some municipalities’ infrastructure remains under threat and requires

increasingly more astute management whilst other municipalities have invested significantly in

infrastructure provision and experience high growth rates.

Vote Central Karoo District Laingsburg Beaufort West Prince Albert

CapeNature - - - -

Education - - - -

Health - 500 3 081 850

Human Settlements - - 24 000 10 739

Public Works 4 072 - - -

Roads 47 970 1 500 - 35 000

Social Development - - - -

Total 52 042 2 000 27 081 46 589


The above table presents the Western Cape Government’s Provincial allocation for

infrastructure in 2017/18 across the Central Karoo District. The Provincial expenditure on

infrastructure is concentrated in Prince Albert (R46.6 million) followed by Beaufort West

(R27.1 million). Laingsburg Municipality displays lower allocations for 2017/18.

The following table lists the Top 2017/18 capital projects (in terms of value) that contribute to

Prince Alberts’s total infrastructure allocation:

Sector Project description R’000

2017/18 2018/19 2019/20

Transport PRMG Prince Albert Road reseal 35 000 60 000 2 000

Human Settlements 3 Prince Albert Erf 743 (391 units) IRDP 10 500 - -

Health Prince Albert - Prince Albert Ambulance Station -

Upgrade and Additions including wash bay

800 1 400 50

Human Settlements 2 Transnet Housing Leeu-Gamka - Prince Albert

Road - Planning (92 services) UISP

239 - -

Health Leeu-Gamka - Leeu-Gamka Ambulance Station -

New

50 - -


Provincial Government infrastructure spend in Prince Albert amounts to R46.6 million, the bulk

of which will be directed to road projects (R35.0 million). This allocation is to ensure sustainability

of demand management and network upgrade within the Prince Albert municipal area. Other

notable allocations go towards Human Settlements (R10.7 million) and Health (R850 000).


MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE SPEND

National and Provincial Transfers

The main sources of infrastructure funding at municipal level mostly emanate from either

internal (own) revenue sources and National or Provincial Government grants. These grants

are complimentary to municipal own funding and are aimed to address historical social and

economic infrastructure backlogs.

The following table contains the total capital transfers and grants received by the Prince Albert

Municipality from National and Provincial Government over the 2017/18 MTREF. The

information depicted below was obtained from the budget schedules within the Municipality’s

2017/18 approved budget. The names of specific grants may therefore differ from their official

wording.

Funding Source

Audited Outcomes Current

Year

2016/17

2017/18 Medium Term Revenue

and Expenditure Framework

2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20

National Government 7 721 9 008 8 334 8 212 8 609 11 771 15 942

Municipal Infrastructure Grant

(MIG)

7 721 7 008 5 510 7 212 7 609 7 771 7 942

Accelerated Community

Infrastructure Programme (ACIP)

- - - -

Public Work Pedestrian Pathways - - - -

Finance Management - - 175 -

Integrated National Electrification

Programme

- 2 000 2 648 1 000 1 000 4 000 8 000

Provincial Government 10 697 29 313 6 706 10 387 23 886 32 050 23 541

Human Settlements Development

Grant (Beneficiaries)

10 497 22 352 - 5 498 5 828 6 178

Provincial Contribution Towards the

Acceleration of Housing Delivery

- 3 000 5 100 10 092 2 477 2 626 2 783

Development of Sport and

Recreation Facilities

200 - - 56 000 38 000 25 000

Infrastructure Support Grant - 1 200 - 150 150 150

DWA Accelerated Community

Infrastructure Programme

- 2 761 1 182 - - -

Other 285 120 240 360

Other Grant Providers 1 100 - - -

Total Capital Transfers and Grants 18 418 38 321 15 039 19 699 8 609 11 771 15 942

Source: Prince Albert Municipality, 2017/18 Approved Budget Schedules (SA18)

Budgetary constraints call for an investigation into the types of infrastructure that would

influence growth within the Municipality. “Priority should be given to infrastructure programmes

that contribute to regional integration” (NDP, 2012: 159). These include projects such as revising

transport links and improving access to energy or water as they form a vital part of the Western

Cape economy. The region is blessed with a well-maintained road infrastructure although it

does face severe challenges in the provision of a public transport network.


In 2017/18 the largest amount of funds continued to go towards Infrastructure in the guise of

the Integrated Electrification Programme (R17.6 million), while housing received R10.7 million.

This is comforting given that Infrastructure investment will not only improve livelihoods and

quality of life, but plays an essential part in enhancing economic growth by creating jobs and

by improving the competiveness of the private business environment.

The Municipality will apply the allocations received from above specified funding sources to

prioritise the following projects for 2017/18:

Sector Project description R’000

2017/18 2018/19 2019/20

Waste Management Rehabilitate Landfill Site Prince Albert 588 - -

Water Upgrade Water Storage Prince Albert 1 500 - -

Electricity Upgrade L/V Reticulation 1 000 - -

Roads Link Road Prince Albert 2 396 - -

Storm water Storm Water Prince Albert 779 - -

Storm Water Upgrade Storm Water Leeu-Gamka 600 - -

Total 6 683 - -

Source: Prince Albert Municipality, 2017/18 Approved Budget Schedules (SA36)

It is clear that the Municipality is prioritising roads infrastructure, followed by water infrastructure,

electricity and waste management. These projects all align to the Municipality’s

developmental needs outlined within the 2017/18 Integrated Development Plan (IDP).


1. Demographics

Population: Department of Social Development, 2017

Age cohorts: Department of Social Development, 2017

2. Education

Learner enrolment: Western Cape Education Department, 2017; Annual Survey of Public

and Independent Schools (ASS), 2016

Learner-teacher ratio: Western Cape Education Department, 2017; Annual Survey of

Public and Independent Schools (ASS), 2016

Grade 12 drop-out rates: Western Cape Education Department, 2017; Annual Survey of


Educational facilities: Western Cape Education Department, 2017; Annual Survey of Public

and Independent Schools (ASS), 2016

Educational outcomes: Western Cape Education Department, 2017; Annual Survey of


3. Health

Healthcare facilities: Department of Health, 2017

Emergency medical services: Department of Health, 2017

HIV/AIDS: Department of Health, 2017

Tuberculosis: Department of Health, 2017

Child health: Department of Health, 2017

Maternal health: Department of Health, 2017

4. Poverty

GDP per capita: Statistics South Africa, 2017; own calculations

Income Inequality: IHS Global Insight, 2017

Human Development: IHS Global Insight, 2017

Indigent households: Department of Local Government, 2017


5. Basic Services

Households: Statistics South Africa, Census 2011 and Community Survey 2016

Access to housing: Statistics South Africa, Census 2011 and Community Survey 2016

Access to water: Statistics South Africa, Census 2011 and Community Survey 2016

Access to electricity: Statistics South Africa, Census 2011 and Community Survey 2016

Access to sanitation: Statistics South Africa, Census 2011 and Community Survey 2016

Access to refuse removal: Statistics South Africa, Census 2011 and Community Survey 2016

6. Safety and Security

Murder: South African Police Service (SAPS), 2017

Sexual offences: South African Police Service (SAPS), 2017

Drug-related crimes: South African Police Service (SAPS), 2017

Driving under the influence: South African Police Service (SAPS), 2017

Residential burglaries: South African Police Service (SAPS), 2017

Fatal crashes: Department of Transport and Public Works, 2017

Road user fatalities: Department of Transport and Public Works, 2017

7. Economy

Sector Performance: Quantec Research, 2017

Labour: Quantec Research, 2017

8. Infrastructure Development

Provincial Infrastructure Spend: Provincial Treasury, 2017

Municipal Infrastructure Spend: Municipal Budget Schedules (SA18 & SA36)

Prince Albert Municipality - Western Cape

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