Primo Levi, Auschwitz survivor
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Transcript of Primo Levi, Auschwitz survivor
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Primo Levi, Auschwitz Primo Levi, Auschwitz survivorsurvivor
If there is one thing sure in this If there is one thing sure in this world, it is certainly this: that it world, it is certainly this: that it will not happen to us a second will not happen to us a second
time.time.
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HumanityHumanity
What is it? Who has it? Where What is it? Who has it? Where was it in Rwanda?was it in Rwanda?
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DefinitionDefinition
the quality of being humane; the quality of being humane; kindness; benevolence kindness; benevolence
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RWANDARWANDA
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SizeSize
slightly smaller slightly smaller than Marylandthan Maryland
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CLIMATE / TERRAINCLIMATE / TERRAIN
temperate; two rainy seasons temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains w/ January); mild in mountains w/ frost & snow possiblefrost & snow possible
mostly grassy uplands & hills; mostly grassy uplands & hills; relief is mountainous w/ altitude relief is mountainous w/ altitude declining from west to eastdeclining from west to east
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Pg. 20Pg. 20
descriptiondescription
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INDEPENDANCEINDEPENDANCE
1 July 1962 (from 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered Belgium-administered
UN trusteeship)UN trusteeship)
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Pg.23Pg.23
History of obeying History of obeying
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FIGHT FOR FREEDOMFIGHT FOR FREEDOM
In 1959, three In 1959, three years before years before independence independence from Belgium, the from Belgium, the majority ethnic majority ethnic group, the Hutus, group, the Hutus, overthrew the overthrew the ruling Tutsi kingruling Tutsi king. .
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FIGHT CONTIUESFIGHT CONTIUES
thousands of Tutsis were killedthousands of Tutsis were killed some 150,000 were driven into exile some 150,000 were driven into exile
in neighboring countriesin neighboring countries children of these exiles later formed children of these exiles later formed
a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)Front (RPF)
RPF began a civil war in 1990 RPF began a civil war in 1990
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Rwanda’s GenocideRwanda’s Genocide
1990’s: Ethnic conflict between the Hutu & 1990’s: Ethnic conflict between the Hutu & Tutsi leads to genocideTutsi leads to genocide Hutu tried to completely wipe out the TutsiHutu tried to completely wipe out the Tutsi
History of the conflict: History of the conflict: Until A.D. 1600 Rwanda/Burundi region Until A.D. 1600 Rwanda/Burundi region
occupied by Hutuoccupied by Hutu 1994: Hutu presidents of R/B killed1994: Hutu presidents of R/B killed
Hutu’s suspect Tutsi’s and begin mass killingHutu’s suspect Tutsi’s and begin mass killing
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EconomyEconomy
poor rural country with about 90% of poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculturesubsistence) agriculture
landlocked with few natural landlocked with few natural resources & minimal industryresources & minimal industry
Primary foreign exchange earners Primary foreign exchange earners are coffee & teaare coffee & tea
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Virunga MountainsVirunga Mountains
Mountain gorillas / Mountain gorillas / Diane Fossey / Diane Fossey /
PoachingPoaching
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Hazards/IssuesHazards/Issues
deforestation (uncontrolled cutting of deforestation (uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel)trees for fuel)
OvergrazingOvergrazing soil exhaustion & soil erosionsoil exhaustion & soil erosion widespread poachingwidespread poaching periodic droughtsperiodic droughts VolcanoVolcano AIDSAIDS
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arable land:arable land: 45.56% 45.56%
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Life Expectancy: 47 yearsLife Expectancy: 47 years
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Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups
Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Hamitic) 15%, Twa
(Pygmy) 1%(Pygmy) 1%
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Pg.47, 50Pg.47, 50
Ethnic divisions Ethnic divisions
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ReligionReligion
Roman Catholic 56.5%Roman Catholic 56.5% Protestant 26%Protestant 26% Adventist 11.1%Adventist 11.1% Muslim 4.6%Muslim 4.6% indigenous beliefs 0.1%indigenous beliefs 0.1% none 1.7%none 1.7%
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LanguageLanguage
Kinyarwanda (official) Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacularuniversal Bantu vernacular French (official)French (official) English (official)English (official) Kiswahili (Swahili) used in Kiswahili (Swahili) used in
commercial centerscommercial centers
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MILITARYMILITARY
Rwandan Defense Forces: Rwandan Defense Forces: Army, Air ForceArmy, Air Force
Iterahamwe “those who attack Iterahamwe “those who attack together” (Hutu)together” (Hutu)
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FLEEFLEE
April 1994: genocide of roughly April 1994: genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis & moderate Hutus800,000 Tutsis & moderate Hutus
Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime & ended the killing in July regime & ended the killing in July 19941994
approximately 2 million Hutu approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled retribution - fled
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RefugeesRefugees
57,000 reside in 21 57,000 reside in 21 African statesAfrican states
Zambia &GabonZambia &Gabon 20,000 fled to 20,000 fled to
Burundi in 2005 & Burundi in 2005 & 2006 to escape 2006 to escape drought & drought & recriminations courts recriminations courts investigating 1994 investigating 1994 massacres massacres
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Denouncing Evil Denouncing Evil
Is a far cry from doing Is a far cry from doing good (170)good (170)
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InsideInside
Teachers killed studentsTeachers killed students Doctors killed patientsDoctors killed patients Priest killed followersPriest killed followers Families took children from neighbors to Families took children from neighbors to
protect themprotect them Widowers took neighbors wives to Widowers took neighbors wives to
protect themprotect them Some joined mob to prevent being killedSome joined mob to prevent being killed
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Common Tool for GenocideCommon Tool for Genocide
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What was the US doing?What was the US doing?
Pg.151-154 & 269Pg.151-154 & 269
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Rwandans believeRwandans believe
God visits other countries by God visits other countries by day, but every night he day, but every night he
returns to rest in Rwanda.returns to rest in Rwanda.
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Movie scenesMovie scenes
Pg.115 they come to Paul’s housePg.115 they come to Paul’s house Pg.127 keeping military from killing Pg.127 keeping military from killing
at hotelat hotel Pg.132 fax machinePg.132 fax machine Pg.133 outside hotelPg.133 outside hotel Pg.141 doing what’s rightPg.141 doing what’s right Pg.142 first escape atemptPg.142 first escape atempt