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PRIMEASIA UNIVERSITY

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The Department of Pharmacy provides undergraduate program to offer the Bachelor of Pharmacy

(Honours.), [ B. Pharm. (Hons.) ] Degree. B. Pharm. (Hons.) is a four year degree curriculum,

which contains theoretical courses, practical sessions, project works and predetermined industrial

and hospital trainings.

The Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) Program in Primeasia University aims to introduce the

students to pharmacy as a profession; to provide knowledge on the responsibilities and

uniqueness of the pharmacists in pharmaceutical industry, hospital & community pharmacy and

to help them to acquire their knowledge in their coursework for the benefit of real patients and the

people. The core topics provide the roles required of the modern pharmacists; legal and ethical

aspects, pharmacy service quality and standards; improving the public's health; medicines

management.

The first year introduces the profession and scientific basis of Pharmacy and the principles of

drug designing and disease management. It is projected to equip the students with the wide

range of skills required for further study and practice. Courses cover physiology and

pharmaceutical chemistry and will be studied alongside core aspects of formulation, drug

discovery and use.

Students will study the more complex aspects of pharmacy in the second year, including aspects

of human physiology and pathology, pharmacology and microbiology. Pharmaceutics and

formulation of dosage forms will also be covered.

The emphasis of the third year is the development of skills in pharmaceutical industry on

manufacturing & formulation technology, drug analysis; medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical

biotechnology together with further aspects of the Law and ethical issues in Pharmacy. This will

also encompass relevant aspects of toxicology and therapeutics, hospital and community

practice.

The fourth (final) year is primarily to carry out advanced studies on medicinal chemistry,

pharmaceutical technology & analysis, bio-pharmaceutics & pharmacokinetics. Topics and key

developments in professional practice and the wider role of pharmacists in patient care,

identifying and responding to symptoms, the monitoring of disease and appropriate drug

3

interventions, cosmetology, agro-vet pharmacy, food & nutrition will be covered, providing

extended research projects to prepare the students for employment and further studies.

Entry Requirements

Students who have passed Secondary School Certificate and Higher Secondary Certificate

Examinations in Science Group with Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Mathematics with a cGPA

of at least 2.5 in each level or have passed GCE O-Level and A-level examinations with science

subjects including those four, of which at least two must be at the A-Level examination and

secured B grades in at least three of them at any level are eligible for admission in the B. Pharm.

(Hons.) course.

Number of Courses and Credits

Curriculum of Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons.) program contains of 72 courses containing 154

credits. Of which 147 credits are on Pharmacy Core courses and 7 credits are relevant non-

pharmacy courses.

Academic Period & Semesters

The courses of B. Pharm. (Hons.) program are offered in 4 (four) academic years consisting of 8

(eight) six-monthly semesters. Each semester consists of 18 weeks of class lectures and practical

sessions, 2 weeks of preparation period and 4 weeks of Mid-Term and Semester Final

examinations. There are two semesters – Summer (April to September) and Fall (October to

March) semester in an academic year.

During any semester, students according to their needs may take additional courses either to

make up deficiencies in credits and grade point average (GPA) requirements, or to fulfil the

credits requirements for a B. Pharm. (Hons.) degree and thus spending less time than the normal

duration.

ASSIGNMENT OF CREDITS AND COURSES

The program is offered through a set of theoretical and laboratory courses, fieldwork, project and

thesis work.

1. Theoretical Courses:

A one hour lecture per week per semester will be equivalent to one Credit. Thus, a three

Credit hours’ course will have three lectures per week throughout the semester.

0. Practical / Field Training / Project Work:

Credits for practical / field work usually will be half of the class hours per week per

semester. Credits are also assigned to project work taken by students.

4

Grading System

The total performance of a student in a given course is based on a scheme of continuous

assessment. For a theoretical course, this continuous assessment is made through homework,

assignment, attendance, quizzes etc, a mid semester examination of 90 minutes duration and a

semester final examination of 180 minutes duration. The distribution of marks for a given course

is as follows:

I. Class Assessments (Class tests 10%, Class assignments 5%, Class attendance 5%) : 20%

II. Mid Semester: 30%

III. Final Exam: 50%

Total: 100%

The assessment in practical / field work courses is made through observation of the student at

work in class, viva voce during Practical hours and quizzes.

The Grading System as prescribed by the University Grants Commission, Dhaka is followed in

grading students’ aptitude in examinations. The system is as follows:

Numerical Grade Letter Grade Grade Point

80% and above A+ (A Plus) 4.0

75% to less than 80% A (A regular) 3.75

70% to less than 75% A- (A minus) 3.5

65% to less than 70% B+ (B Plus) 3.25

60% to less than 65% B (B regular) 3.0

55% to less than 60% B- (B minus) 2.75

50% to less than 55% C+ (C Plus) 2.5

45% to less than 50% C (C regular) 2.25

40% to less than 45% D 2.0

Less than 40% F 0.0

Incomplete I

Withdrawl W

AWARD OF DEGREE

To obtain a Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) Degree from Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia

University a student must successfully complete a total of 154.0 Credits and will require to score

a grade of 2.5 or higher CGPA.

5

In addition to those a student has to complete assigned Industrial and Hospital professional

training and project work requirements before the graduation.

SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF CCOOUURRSSEE DDIISSTTRRIIBBUUTTIIOONN

The duration of Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons.) program is divided into 4 (four) periods that are

designated as Year I (First year), Year II (Second year), Year III (Third year) and Year IV (Fourth

year). The Courses and Credits are:

Pharmacy Core courses = 147 Credits

Non-pharmacy Courses = 7 Credits

Total = 154 Credits

Semester Based Courses of Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours)

Year I Semester I

Sl. No. Code No. Title of Courses Credit(s)

CCT 1101 Computer & Communication Techniques 2

BSM 1102 Biostatistics & Mathematics 3

ENG 1103 Communicative English 2

BPH 1101 Pharmacognosy 3

BPH 1102 Inorganic Pharmacy I 3

BPH 1103 Pharmacognosy Practical 1

BPH 1104 Inorganic Pharmacy I Practical 1

Total = 15 credits

Year I Semester II

Sl. No. Code No. Title of Courses Credit(s) Prerequisite

Year Semester

No. of

Pharmacy Core

Courses

No. of

Ancillary

Courses

Total Courses

Total

Credits

Year I

Year I Semester I 4 3 7 15

Year I Semester II 10 - 10

20

Year II

Year II Semester I 9 - 9 19

Year II Semester II 9 - 9 19

Year III

Year III Semester I 8 - 8 20

Year III Semester II 11 - 11 22

Year IV

Year IV Semester I 8 - 8 19

Year IV Semester II 10 - 10 20

Total 69 3 72 154

6

BPH 1201 Inorganic Pharmacy II 3 BPH 1102

BPH 1202 Physiology & Anatomy I 3

BPH 1203 Physical Pharmacy I 3

BPH 1204 Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry 3 BPH 1101

BPH 1205 Herbal Medicines & Neutraceuticals 3 BPH 1101

BPH 1206 Inorganic Pharmacy II Practical 1 BPH 1201

BPH 1207 Physiology & Anatomy I Practical 1

BPH 1208 Physical Pharmacy I Practical 1

BPH 1209 Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Practical 1

BPH 1210 Oral Assessment I 1

Total = 20 credits

Year II Semester I

Sl. No. Code No. Title of Courses Credit(s) Prerequisite

BPH 2101 Organic Pharmacy 3

BPH 2102 Physical Pharmacy II 3 BPH 1203

BPH 2103 Pharmacology I 3 BPH 1202

BPH 2104 Physiology & Anatomy II 3 BPH 1202

BPH 2105 Pharmaceutics I 3 BPH 1203

BPH 2106 Organic Pharmacy Practical 1 BPH 2201

BPH 2107 Physical Pharmacy II Practical 1 BPH 2102

BPH 2108 Pharmacology I Practical 1 BPH 2103

BPH 2109 Physiology & Anatomy II Practical 1 BPH 1202

Total = 19 credits

Year II Semester II

Sl. No. Code No. Title of Courses Credit(s) Prerequisite

BPH 2201 Pharmaceutics II 3 BPH 2105

BPH 2202 Pharmacology II 3 BPH 2103

BPH 2203 Biomolecular Pharmacy 3

BPH 2204 Clinical Pathology 3

BPH 2205 Pharmaceutical Microbiology 3

BPH 2206 Pharmaceutics II Practical 1

BPH 2207 Pharmacology II Practical 1

BPH 2208 Pharmaceutical Microbiology Practical 1

BPH 2209 Oral Assessment II 1

Total = 19 credits

Year III Semester I

Sl. No. Code No. Title of Courses Credit(s) Prerequisite

BPH 3101 Medicinal Chemistry I 3 BPH 2101

BPH 3102 Pharmaceutical Technology I 3 BPH 2105

BPH 3103 Biomolecular Genetics 3 BPH 2205

BPH 3104 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control I 3

BPH 3105 Pharmacology III 3 BPH 2204

BPH 3106 Hospital & Community Pharmacy 3 BPH 2204

BPH 3107 Medicinal Chemistry I Practical 1

7

BPH 3108 Pharmaceutical Technology I Practical 1 BPH 2105

Total = 20 credits

Year III Semester II

Sl. No. Code No. Title of Courses Credit(s) Prerequisite

BPH 3201 Medicinal Chemistry II 3 BPH 3101

BPH 3202 Pharmacoeconomics & Policy 2

BPH 3203 Pharmaceutical Technology II 3 BPH 3102

BPH 3204 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2 BPH 3103

BPH 3205 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control II 3 BPH 3104

BPH 3206 Pharmacy Law & Ethics 2

BPH 3207 Pharmaceutical Engineering 3

BPH 3208 Medicinal Chemistry II Practical 1

BPH 3209 Pharmaceutical Technology II Practical 1

BPH 3210 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control II Practical 1

BPH 3211 Oral Assessment III 1

Total = 22credits

Year IV Semester I

Sl. No. Code No Title of Courses Credit(s) Prerequisite

BPH 4101 Advanced Medicinal Chemistry 3 BPH 3201

BPH 4102 Clinical Pharmacy 3

BPH 4103 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis I 3 BPH 3205

BPH 4104 Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing 3

BPH 4105 Biopharmaceuties & Pharmacokinetics I 3

BPH 4106 Clinical Pharmacy Practical 1

BPH 4107 Biopharmaceuties & Pharmacokinetics I Practical 1

BPH 4108 Professional Project 2

Total = 19 Credits

Year IV Semester II

Sl. No. Code No. Title of Courses Credit(s) Prerequisite

BPH 4201 Cosmetology 3

BPH 4202 Pharmaceutical Technology III 3 BPH 3203

BPH 4203 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis II 3 BPH 4103

BPH 4204 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics II 3 BPH 4105

BPH 4205 Pharmaceutical Management 2

BPH 4206 Cosmetology Practical 1

BPH 4207 Pharmaceutical Technology III Practical 1

BPH 4208 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis II Practical 1

BPH 4209 Oral Assessment IV 1

BPH 4210 Professional Training

(Industrial &Hospital)

2

Total =20 credits

Grand Total = 154Credits

8

Courses Sheering Weight

A :: Pharmacy Core Courses

◙ Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Total = 64 credits

◙ Pharmaceutics

Sl.No. Course Code Title of Courses Credits

BPH 1101 Pharmacognosy 3

BPH 1102 Inorganic Pharmacy I 3

BPH 1103 Pharmacognosy Practical 1

BPH 1104 Inorganic Pharmacy I Practical 1

BPH 1201 Inorganic Pharmacy II 3

BPH 1203 Physical Pharmacy I 3

BPH 1204 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 3

BPH 1205 Herbal Medicines & Neutraceuticals 3

BPH 1206 Inorganic Pharmacy II Practical 1

BPH 1207 Physical Pharmacy I Practical 1

BPH 1208 Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Practical 1

BPH 2101 Organic Pharmacy 3

BPH 2102 Physical Pharmacy II 3

BPH 2107 Physical Pharmacy II Practical 1

BPH 2203 Biomolecular Pharmacy 3

BPH 2206 Organic Pharmacy Practical 1

BPH 3101 Medicinal Chemistry I 3

BPH 3103 Biomolecular Genetics 3

BPH 3104 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control I 3

BPH 3107 Medicinal Chemistry I Practical 1

BPH 3201 Medicinal Chemistry II 3

BPH 3204 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2

BPH 3205 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control II 3

BPH 3208 Medicinal Chemistry II Practical 1

BPH 3210 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control II Practical 1

BPH 4101 Advanced Medicinal Chemistry 3

BPH 4103 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis I 3

BPH 4203 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis II 3

BPH 4210 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis II Practical 1

Sl. No. Course Code Course Title Credits

1 BPH 2105 Pharmaceutics I 3

2 BPH 2205 Pharmaceutical Microbiology 3

3 BPH 2208 Pharmaceutical Microbiology Practical 1

4 BPH 2201 Pharmaceutics II 3

5 BPH 2206 Pharmaceutics II Practical 1

6 BPH 3102 Pharmaceutical Technology I 3

9

20 BPH 4207 Pharmaceutical Management 2

21 BPH 4208 Cosmetology Practical 1

Total = 51 credits

◙ Pharmacology

Total = 26 Credits

B :: Pharmacy Oral Assessments

Total = 4 Credits

7 BPH 3106 Hospital & Community Pharmacy 3

8 BPH 3107 Pharmaceutical Technology I Practical 1

9 BPH 3202 Pharmacoeconomics & Policy 2

10 BPH 3203 Pharmaceutical Technology II 3

11 BPH 3206 Pharmacy Law & Ethics 2

12 BPH 3207 Pharmaceutical Engineering 3

13 BPH 3209 Pharmaceutical Technology II Practical 1

14 BPH 4104 Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing 3

15 BPH 4105 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetic I 3

16 BPH 4107 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetic I Practical 1

17 BPH 4201 Cosmetology 3

18 BPH 4202 Pharmaceutical Technology III 3

19 BPH 4204 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetic II 3

22 BPH 4209 Pharmaceutical Technology III Practical 1

23 BPH4212 Professional Training (Industrial& Hospital) 2

Sl. No. Course Code Course Title Credits

1. BPH 1202 Physiology and Anatomy I 3

2 BPH 1209 Physiology and Anatomy I Practical 1

3 BPH 2103 Pharmacology I 3

4 BPH 2104 Physiology and Anatomy II 3

5 BPH 2108 Pharmacology I Practical 1

6 BPH 2109 Physiology and Anatomy II Practical 1

7 BPH 2202 Pharmacology II 3

8 BPH2204 Clinical Pathology 3

9 BPH 2207 Pharmacology II Practical 1

10 BPH 3105 Pharmacology III 3

11 BPH 4102 Clinical Pharmacy 3

12 BPH 4106 Clinical Pharmacy Practical 1

Sl. No. Course Code Title of Courses Credit

1 BPH 1210 Oral Assessment I 1

2 BPH 2209 Oral Assessment II 1

3 BPH 3211 Oral Assessment III 1

4 BPH 4211 Oral Assessment IV 1

10

C :: Ancillary Courses

Total =9 Credits

Grand Total = 154 Credits

Essentials ooff TThhee CCoouurrsseess ooff TThhee SSYYLLLLAABBUUSS

YYeeaarr II SSeemmeesstteerr II

CCT 1101 Computer & Communicating Techniques (Credit 2.0)

Computer fundamental: Some basic concepts about computer, hand on experience with

computer, operating system and concept of software

Application software packages: MS word, Excel, Access, ChemDraw, IsisDraw, and other

chemistry related software

Software Engineering (For Software Project Management)

Database concepts (Oracle/Developer 2k)

Basic Ideas of networking/Internet/ E-commerce /Efficient Browsing / Searching for Academic

Information.

Web Page Creation - FrontPage, Macromedia Software

Introduction to computer Graphics -Adobe Software

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functions.

Introduction to statistics: Scope and application of statistics in pharmaceutical sciences.

Collection, tabulation and graphical representation of data.

Sl. No. Course Code Title of Courses Credits

1 CCT 1101 Computer & Communicating Techniques 2

2 BSM 1102 Biostatistics & Mathematics 3

3 ENG 1103 Communicative English 2

4 BPH 4108 Professional Project 2

11

Measures of central tendency: arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean,

Weighted mean, median and mode, this application in pharmacy.

Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, standard deviation, variation, coefficient of

variation, and their application in pharmaceutical preparation.

Probability: Laws of addition and multiplication

Tests of significance: Basic concepts of tests of significance, tests of means and variances

based on normal, t, 2 and F distributions, tests of independence in a contingency table.

Analysis of variance: One-way and two-way classifications, completely randomized design,

randomized block design.

Regression and correlation analysis: Estimation of regression line and parameter,

correlation analysis (simple, partial and multiple).

Sampling: Different techniques and their suitability in pharmaceutical fields

Application of Statistics in Pharmacy

Studies of rates of chemical and biological reactions. Sampling.

Test for uniformity of tables.

Qualitative test on samples.

Limits of content of active ingredient of tables.

Probability of batch passing or falling to pass a test.

Dispensing error: Dispensing of liquids, dispensing of solids.

Analysis of variance in studying the results obtained in the development of an assay.

Threshold dose assay, Toxicity tests, Bacteriological counts.

Recommended Books

1. Statistics - J, M, Tanur et.al.

2. Computer Applications In Pharmacy- Fassett,.

3. Methods of Statistics - M.G.Mostafa .

4. Statistical Methods - J.S.Miltion & J.O. Tsokos,

5.Calculus -by Howard Anton

6. Calculus- Schum’s outlines series

ENG 1103 Communicative English (Credits 2.0)

The course is designed to increase communication skills that contain listening, speaking, reading

and writing skills. This English course will enhance the communication skills and comprehension

abilities of the students and will develop their basic writing skills from sentences to paragraphs.

Creativity and originality will be encouraged but emphasis will also be given on grammatical

correctness and other acceptable rules of composition

BPH 1101 Pharmacognosy (Credit 3.0)

12

Introduction: Scope and historical development of Pharmacognosy. Drug Literature and

publications: Pharmacopoeia, Codex, National Formulary, Official, non-official, un-official

drugs.

Crude Drugs: A general view of their origin, distribution, cultivation, collection, drying,

storage, commerce and quality control.

Preparation of drugs for commercial market

Classification of drugs

Drug adulteration

Evaluation of drugs

Drugs of Animal Origin: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil, Hilsha fish oil, Cochineal, Spermaceti,

lard, Honey.

4. Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Uses of:.

Fats and Lipids: Castor oil, Olive oil, peanut oil, Chaulmoogra oil and bees wax.

Carbohydrate and related compounds: Biosynthesis of carbohydrate, Sugar and sugar

containing drugs: Sucrose, Dextrose, glucose, fructose etc. Polysaccharide and

polysaccharide containing drugs: Starches, dextrins, and cellulose. etc. Gums and mucilage:

Tragacanth, Acacia, Sterculia, sodium algenate, agar. Resin and resin combination.

5. Surgical dressings and fibers used in the treatment and management of wounds,

abrasion.

6. Plant Analysis: Introduction to general structure of morphological parts of plant.Types of

plant constituents, Solvents used in extracting drugs, Extraction of drugs, application of

concept of Henry’s distribution law partition co-efficient and dielectric constant in extraction

process, various types of extraction process e.g infusion, maceration, percolation etc.

Separation techniques. comparative phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy.

Recommended Books

Textbook of Pharmacognosy – Abdul Ghani

Pharmacognosy – Brady, Tyler & Robbers.

Pharmacognosy - Trease and Evans.

Veshojo Bigyan – Abdul Ghani

Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh – Abdul Ghani

Traditional Medicine – Abdul Ghani

Veshojo Oushad – Abdul Ghani

Pharmacognosy Practical – Abdul Ghani

Pharmacognosy - Clause and Tyler

BPH 1102 Inorganic Pharmacy I (Credits 3.0)

Introduction:

Law of conservation of mass.

13

Matter: Physical state and chemical constitution.

Units of measurement: Measurement and significant figures; SI units,

Molecular weight, Formula weight, Mole concept, Mole and Molar mass

Atomic structure:

Daltons’ atomic theory.

Structure of atom: Fundamental particles, Rutherford’s Atomic model

Quantum theory of atoms: Wave nature of light, Atomic spectra, Quantum effects and

photons, planck’s quantization of energy, Bohr’s atomic model.

Quantum mechanics and Quantum numbers, de Broglie relation, wave functions and atomic

orbitals.

Electronic configuration of atoms: Electron spin and Paulis Exclusion principle, Aufbau

principles, Hund’s rule.

Chemical bonding and molecular structure:

Different type of chemical bonds: Ionic bonds: Energy involved in ionic bonding,

Electronic configuration of ions, ionic radii. Covalent bond: Lewis formulas, coordinate covalent

bond; octet rules; polar covalent bond and electro negativity, Resonance, Lewis formulas,

Bond length and bond energy.

Valence-shell electron Repulsion (VSEPR) model, Dipole movement.

Valence Bond Theory: Basic theory, Hybrid orbital, multiple bonding.

Molecular orbital theory: Principles, Bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals and

delocalised orbitals.

Periodic table:

Periodity of the elements: Mendeleev’s predictions from the periodic table; Periodic law,

atomic radius, ionization energy, variation of properties within periods and groups.

Usefulness and limitation of periodic table.

Recommended Books

Modern Inorganic Chemistry - S. Z. Haider

Modern Inorganic Chemistry - Madan

Inorganic Chemistry - Lee

Bentley and Driver’s Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Modern Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Discher

Textbook of Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Rogers

Inorganic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Block, Roche, Soine & Wilson

BPH 1103 Pharmacognosy Practical (Credit-1.0)

Cell contents: Starches and derivatives, calcium carbonate, silica.

14

External structures of plant drugs: Epidermal cells, trichomes, stomata etc. of leaves of

Belladonna, Mentha, Senna, Indian hemp, Digitalis etc., Seed trichomes of Cotton and

Nux-vomica seeds: Cork cells of Cascara sagrada.

Study of some groups of unorganized white and off white powder and whole drugs:

General tests for Carbohydrates

Preparation and examination of starches and related products.

Examination of gums: Accacia, tragacanth, and algenates.

Examination on fibers and surgical dressings

Study on some medicinal plants of Bangladesh.

Preparation and extraction of starches and related products

Study of some groups of unorganised white and off-white powder and whole drugs:

a. General tests for carbohydrates.

b Examination & tests of gums: Acacia, Tragacanth, Sterculia, Agar and Alginates.

c. Examination of fibers and surgical dressings.

BPH 1104 Inorganic Pharmacy I Practical (Credits 1.0)

Quantitative analysis of basic radicals: Na, K, Ca, Ag, Mn, Mg, Fe, Co, Al, and acidic radicals,

halides, citrates, CO3, SO4, NO3, PO4, SO3, S etc.

YYeeaarr II SSeemmeesstteerr IIII

BPH 1201 Inorganic Pharmacy II (Credit 3.0)

1. Environmental chemistry and environmental sciences:

Causes of environmental pollution, types of pollutants; ex gases (SO2, SO3, CO2 , CO, NO2,)

hydrocarbons, smokes, suspended particulates, pesticides, gasoline and industrial waste,

pharmaceutical food additives.

Heavy metal toxicity: Poisoning caused by Mercury, Arsenic, Lead, Iron, Copper. Their

adverse effects on human life cycle and study of antidotes used in these poisoning cases.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of heavy metals.

2. Radioactivity and nuclear sciences:

Nature of elements, types of elements that possess radioactive properties, their uses in

pharmaceutical and medical sciences.

3. Electrolytes:

Intra and extra cellular electrolytes (Na, K, Ca and Cl ions). Electrolytes used in

acid–base therapy. Essential and traces ions & their preparations (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, S, I, Cr)

and their application in pharmaceutical sciences.

4. Gastrointestinal agents and ORS:

15

Antacids (Al, Mg preparation with application), Protectives and adsorbents. Saline cathartics ,

their preparations and applications.

5. Dental preparations:

Flurides and other anticaries agents & their preparations and applications.

6. Topical agents:

Zinc preparations, Iodine preparations, sulfur preparations, Boric acid, Selenium, cadmium

sulphites, silver sulphadiazine preparations and uses.

7. Water:

Hardness of water, treatment of natural water, distilled water, demineralized water and official

water.

Recommended Books

Modern Inorganic Chemistry - S. Z. Haider

Modern Inorganic Chemistry - Madan

Inorganic Chemistry - Lee

Bentley and Driver’s Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Modern Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Discher

Textbook of Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Rogers

Inorganic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Block, Roche, Soine & Wilson

BPH 1202 Physiology & Anatomy I (Credit 3.0)

General Physiology: Physiology of cell and body fluids, composition of

body fluids, membrane physiology, Transport through cell membrane, membrane

potential, action potential. Neuromuscular transmission and muscle contraction,

Introduction to various body tissue and system with their definition classification and

function.

Blood: Composition and Function

Plasma: Electrolytes, proteins and other organic constituents.

Blood Cell: Their formation and destruction, cell count function of different blood Cells.

Hemoglobin: Structure, properties and function

Anemia: Causes and classifications

Blood coagulation, Blood groups and blood transfusion.

Lymph: Composition, formation, circulation and function, lymph nodes and lpmphatics

Circulatory system:

Heart: Structure, heart muscles, conduction system of heart, origin and

transmission of cardiac impulse, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, nervous

regulation of heart, cardiac refluxes, ECG, cardiac arrhythmia.

Blood Vessel: Types of blood vessel and their function

Blood pressure: Measurement and regulation of blood pressure and nervous control.

16

Arterial pulse: Definition, clinical study and recording of arterial pulse.

Capillary circulation: Importance and function

Regional blood circulation: Pulmonary, hepatic, renal , cerebral circulation.

Alimentary system:

Structure of different parts of alimentary system. Movement and control of different parts

of alimentary tract. swallowing, gastric contractions, intestinal contraction, defecation,

secretion of digestive juice;, saliva, gastric juice , pancreatic juice, intestinal juice and

bile. Mechanism and control of various secretions and their functions. Digestion of food

stuff. Absorption of different digested materials.

5. Liver: Structure and function of liver, formation of bile and it’s concentration in the gall

baldder , circulation of bile salts, and bile pigments.

Histological structure of various organ of body, muscles, Liver, spleen and kidney.

Anatomy of heart, alimentary tract.

Recommended Books

Human Physiology (vol. I & II) - C.C. Chatterjee.

Medical Physiology- Guyton.

Medical Physiology- Ganon.

Practical Physiology- C.L. Ghai.

BPH 1203 Physical Pharmacy I (Credit 3.0)

Acids and bases: The concepts: Arrhenius concept, Brosted-Lowry Concept, Relative

strengths of acids and bases, Lewis concept.

Ionic equilibrium and buffer capacity: pH, determination of pH, and preparation of buffer

and isotonic system, Methods for adjusting tonicity of solution, buffer in biological system.

States of matter:

The gaseous state: Gas laws; Ideal gas law, Gas density: Molecular weight . gas mixture;

Law of partial pressure.

Ideal gases; Kinetic molecular theory, Postultes of kinetic theory of gases, Derivation of

kinetic equation; Ideal gas law from kinetic theory, Molecular speeds: Diffusion and

Effusion.

Real Gases: Amagat’s curves, van der Waal,s equation of state, Significance and

limitation of van der waal’s equation.

Change of state: Gas – liquid- Andrew’s experiments, Critical temperature, critical

pressure, critical volume, Liquefaction of gases.

The liquid state: Vapour pressure of liquids, Boiling point of liquids, Surface tension and

viscosity.

17

Dipole- dipole forces, London (Dispersion) forces, hydrogen bonding.

Solid state: Types of intermolecular forces in solids, melting point and structure, hardness

and structure, electrical conductivity and structure. Crystalline solids, Crystal lattice, unit

cell, crystal defects.

Solutions: Types of solutions. Solubility and the solution process, effect of temperature and

pressure on solubility.

Colligative properties: Expression of concentrations, molarity, mass percentage of solute,

molality, mole fraction, normality

Vapour pressure of solution: Raoult’s law of lowering of vapour pressure, elevetion of

boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmosis- osmotic pressure.

Collodis: Tyndall effect, types of collids, coagulation

Chemical equilibrium: Law of mass action, Determination of equilibrium constant.

Heterogeneous and homogeneous equilibrium, The Le Chatelier Principle, Vant Hoff

equation.

Chemical thermodynamics: Introduction, The first law of thermodynamics, Work of

expansion, Internal energy and it’s determination. Heat changes at constant volume and

pressure. Thermodynamic reversibility, work of isothermal reversible expansion of gases,

Maximum works under the isothermal expansion of a gases.The second law of

thermodynamics, Carnot’s cycle and efficiency of a perfect engine, The concept of

entropy and entropy changes for an ideal gas expansion, entropy changes of materials

under various conditions. Free energy and work functions Gibbs Helmholtz equation,

Free energy changes under equilibrium the Clausius-Claperon equation.

Phase equilibrium: Phase, component and degree of freedom, phase rules and

thermodynamic deviation, phase diagrams of water, partially miscible liquid pairs; phenol

and water nicotine water system, Completely miscible liquid pairs and their separation by

fractional distillation.

Recommended Books

Principle of Physical Chemistry- Haque & Nawab

Physical Pharmacy- Martin

Elements of Physical Chemistry- Lewis & Glasstone

Physical Chemistry- Atkins

Physical Chemistry – Bahl & Tuli

BPH 1204 Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry (Credit 3.0)

1. Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical uses:

Glycosides and glycoside-containing drugs: Classification of glycosides, Bio

synthesis of glycosides. The details of the followings:

18

Cyanogenic: Wild Cherry

Isothiocyanate: Mustard ( Black and white musturd)

Cardiac: Digitalis, Stophanthus, Sguill, Nerium.

Saponins: Sarsaparilla, Glycyrrihiza, Dioscorea

Anthraquinone: Cascara sagrada, Aloe, Senna, Rhubard

Other glycosides and neutral principles: Vanilla, Gentian Quassia, Saffron.

Alkaloid: Distribution, Properties, tests , extraction, classification of alkaloids , The

details of the followings:

Tropane : Belladona, Strmonium, Hyoscyamus etc.

Quinoline: Cinchona, Cusparia bark

Isoquinoline: Ipecac, Opium, Sanguinaraia, Curare

Indole: Rauwolfia, Nux vomica, Ergot, Catharanthus

Imidazole: Pilocarpine

Steriodal: Vertrum viride, Aconite

Lupinea: Lipinus Spp.

Purine base: Coffee, Tea

Biosynthesis of tropane, quinoline, isoqunoline and indolic alkaloids.

Volatile oils and related terpenoids: Methods of obtaining of volatile oils,

chemistry, medicinal and commercial uses , biosynthesis of some important

volatile constituents used as drugs & the details of the followings:

Terpenes and sesquiterpenes: Pinus, Juniper, Cade

Alcohols: Coriander, Sandalwood

Ester: Peppermint. Lavender, Rosemarry

Aldehydes: Cinnamon bark, Eucalyptus, lemon peel, Lemon grass

Ketones:Spearmint, Caraway, Camphor.

Phenols: Clove, Cinnamon leaf, Ajowan

Ethers: Fennel, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Anise, Cajunut

Peroxides: Chenopodium

Others: Mustard, wintergreen, Bitter almond, Cardamon.

Phenolic compounds and tannins: Chemical nature and tests for tannins. Some

tannin containing drugs like Nutgall, catechu.

Herb and health foods: Alfa alfa, Apricot, Pits, Garlic, Onion, Gingeng. Spirulina,

Honey.

Study of some poisonous plants and natural pesticides: Dutura, Helmok,

Foxglove,Ipornoca, Tobbaco, Red squill, Strychinine.

Recommended Books

Pharmacognosy - Tyler and Bbrady.

19

Pharmacognosy - Trease and Evans.

Pharmacognosy - Clause and Tyler.

Textbook of Pharmacognosy - Willis.

Practical Pharmacognosy - Zafar & Gandhi.

BPH 1205 Herbal Medicines & Neutraceuticals (Credit 3.0)

Medicinal plants: Occurrence, distribution, chemical constituents and uses of some selected

Medicinal plants of Bangladesh.

Indigenous system: Herbalism, Folk medicine, etc.; their methods of diagnosis and

treatment, type and composition of medicinal preparations, merits and demerits.

Scientific validation and impact: on the overall health management programs, Socio-

economical aspects of the country, in vitro studies, animal studies, clinical studies etc.

Pharmacological aspects of Herbal Medicines: used recipe, dosage, pharmacological

action, side effects, toxicity, contraindications, Precautions, adverse effects etc. of

tradicinal medicaments.

Formulation and Dosage Forms of Herbal Medicines:

Types and methods. Use of modern technology and pharmaceutical knowledge.

6. Fundamental principles of the science of human nutrition. How nutritional intake

affects health, contemporary issues in nutrition and recognizing reliable sources of

nutrition.

7. Modified diets used for treating diseases including diabetes, obesity, anorexia,

bulimia, and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

8. Foods for special diets used in various disease states including cardiovascular, liver

and kidney disease, trauma and cystic fibrosis.

9. Nutritional needs throughout the life cycle: Infant, maternal and gerontological nutrition.

Nutritional menu for a special care home.

Recommended Books

Herbal Medicine for Human Health – Chowdhury, B.R. (WHO Publication).

Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh (2nd

edition) – Abdul Ghani

The Use of Traditional medicine in Primary Healthcare – WHO Publication

Healing Power of Herbs – M.T. Murray

Traditional Medicine – Abdul Ghani

Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa – A. Sofowora.

Medicinal Herbal – H.M. Said (Hamdard Publication)

20

Medicinal Botany: Plants affecting Man’s Health – W.H. Lewis & Elvin-Lewis.

Natural Products as Medicinal agents – Beal & Reinhard

Hamdard Pharmacopoeia

Unani and Ayurvedic Formularies of Bangladesh

12. Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods-G P Webb

13. Preventing Foreign Material Contamination of Foods-Doug Peariso

14. Herbal Drug Technology- S. S. Agrawal & M. Paridhavi.

BPH 1206 Inorganic Pharmacy II Practical (Credit 1.0)

Identification of inorganic drugs in their formulations

Ca+2

from supplied preparation

Fe+2

from supplied preparation

AL+3

from supplied preparation

Mg+2

from supplied preparation

Na+ from supplied preparation

K+ from supplied preparation

Manufacturing of some Inorganic Drugs

Manufacturing of Aluminium hydroxide gel

Manufacturing of ferrous chloride, ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate.

Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly water soluble drugs into water-

soluble drugs

Na/K salicylate from salicylic acid

Na/K benzoate from benzoic acid

Na/K citrate from citric acid

BPH 1207 Physiology & Anatomy I Practical (Credit 1.0)

Study of compound microscope

Histology of muscles, Liver, spleen, Kidney, large and small intestine, Pancreas, Lung and

skin.

Estimation of hemoglobin and ESR

Determination of clotting and bleeding time.

Blood cell count (TC, DC)

Blood grouping and Rh typing

BPH 1208 Physical Pharmacy I Practical (Credit 1.0)

Standardization of Acids and bases.

Determination of pKa, and pKb values.

21

Preparation of solutions of different pH and buffer capacities.

Determination of phase diagram of binary systems.

Determination of distribution co-efficients.

Determination of mol. wt. By Victor Meyer’s method.

Determination of heats of solutions by measuring solubility as a function of temperature

(Van’t Hoff equation).

BPH 1209 Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Practical (Credit 1.0)

Study of volatile oils and volatile oils containing drugs: Caraway, Clove, Cinnamon,

Peppermint.

Extraction and identification of alkaloids from Coffee, Tea, Belladonna, Nux vomica.

Isolation of lactose from cow’s milk.

Physical and chemical tests for honey.

. 5. Distillation method for obtaining volatile oils.

BPH 1210 ORAL ASSESSMENT I (Credit 1.0)

YYeeaarr IIII SSeemmeesstteerr II

BPH 2101 Organic Pharmacy (Credit 3.0)

Principles of various reactions:

Electrophilic, nucleophilic free radical addition.

Aliphatic, aromatic and free radical substitution

Elimination reaction

Rearrangement reaction

Aldehydes and Ketones: Chemistry, properties, synthesis, uses, pharmaceutical

importance of such compounds and their derivatives.

Carboxylic Acids: Chemistry, properties, synthesis, uses, pharmaceutical importance of

such compounds and their derivatives.

Aliphatic and aromatic amines and related nitrogen containing compounds: Properties,

synthesis, reactions and reaction mechanisms, pharmaceuticals and/or biological

importance.

5. Some name reactions: Grignard reaction, Perkin reaction, Reformatsky reaction, Wittig

22

reaction, Diels-Alder reaction, Oppenauer reaction, Kolb reaction, Meerwin-Pondroff

reaction, Clemension reaction, Baklelite reaction, Birch reaction, Darzens condensation

reaction, Friedel – Crafts reaction, Gattermann – Koch and Sandmeyer reaction, Hofmann

reaction, Mannich reaction, Michael reaction, Reimer-Timann reaction – their principles

mechanism and pharmaceutical applications.

6. Heterocyclic compounds :

5-memebered compounds: preparations, reactions and pharmaceuticals importance.

6-memebered compounds: preparations, reactions and pharmaceuticals importance of

pyridine, pyrimidine, pyradazine, pyrazine and triazine.

7. Introduction to common essential drugs, preparation and uses :Diethyl

ether,chloroform, cyclopropane, trichloroethane, salicylic acid, aspirin, phenacetin,

paracetamol, benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate, sulfa-drugs, PASA, PABA, isoniazide,

halothen, enflurane, methoxyflurane.

Recommended Books

Organic Chemistry - Morrison and Boyd

Textbook of Organic Chemistry - Bahl and Bahl

Organic Chemistry, Vo1. I & II-Finar

Organic Chemistry - Feiser and Feiser

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Bahl and Bahl

Introduction to organic laboratory techniques- Pavia and Lampman

BPH 2102 Physical Pharmacy II (Credits 3.0)

Chemical kinetics: rates and orders of reactions, methods for determination of orders of

reactions. Influences of temperature on rate of reactions, theories of reaction rates,

decomposition of pharmaceutical products, accelerated test for physical, chemical and

photochemical stability, stability aspects of formulations, manbeted products and clinical

supplies, shelf life determination.

Adsorption and interfacial phenomena: Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, BET

equation, electrical properties of interfaces, electrical double layer, Nernst and zeta

potential, Gibbs equation, Spreading , surface active agents, Emulgents, detergents and

antifoaming agents, Surfactants and drug activity , surfactants and pharmaceutical

products.

Rheology: Newtonian liquids, Non Newtonian materials, yield value, plastic and pseduplastic

flow, dilatant and thixotropic flow, viscosity of suspending agent.

Electrochemistry: Electrical units and their interrelation , faraday’s law of electrolysis and

electrochemical equivalents, electrolytic conduction, equivalent conductance and the

related facts , conductometric titration , transference number and their determination.

23

Electrochemical cell: Electrode and cell potentials. Energies involved in electrode

processes; reference electrodes , buffer solutions and measurement of pH, potentiometic

titration, oxidation reduction systems, concentration cell.

Recommended Books

Principle of Physical Chemistry- Haque & Nawab

Physical Pharmacy- Martin

Elements of Physical Chemistry- Lewis & Glasstone

Physical Chemistry- Atkins

Physical Chemistry – Bahl & Tuli

BPH 2103 Pharmacology I (Credit 3.0)

General principle: drug source, routes of administration, and pharmacogenetics.

Introduction to pharmacokinetics: Drug absorption, factors affecting drug absorption,

distribution, metabolism and excretion.

3. Introduction to pharmacodynamics: Basic principle, receptors, agonist, antagonist,

potentiation, synergism, drug-receptor interaction, factors modifying drug action, drug

tolerances, dependence, etc.

4. Mechanism of drug action: Basic concept of drug action, Drug receptors, Receptor and

non receptor mechanisms of drug action, Relationship between drug and receptor binding,

Signaling mechanism of drug action, Relation between drug dose and clinical response.

5.Therapy for some disease conditions:

Histamine and antihistamine (H1 and H2 blockers)

Local and general anesthetics

6. Study of analgesic and antipyretic drug: Concept of pain and fever, causes of pain and

fever, Narcotic analgesic, Non narcotic analgesics, Concept of inflammation, Drug used in the

treatment of gout.

Recommended Books

1. Pharmacological basis of therapeutics-Goodman & Gillman.

2. Medical Pharmacology-Katzung.

3. Medical Pharmacology-Meyer.

4. Medical Pharmacology-A. Goth.

5. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics- R.S. Satosker.

BPH 2104 Physiology & Anatomy II (Credit 3.0)

Respiratory system:

24

Mechanism of respiration. Pulmonary ventilation, ventilation volumes, gaseous

interchange through lungs; Carriage of O2 and CO2. regulation of respiration: Nervous

and chemical respiration.

Hypoxia: Causes and classification , abnormal breathing. Cheyne stokes breathing.

Kussmal breathing, breathing at high altitude.

Nervous system:

Nerve cell- properties, classification and function,

Nerve fibres: Types of nerve fibres, Origin and propagation of nerve impulse across

nerve fibre, action potential ,units for measurement of nerve ecitability,.

Synapse: Classification and properties of synapses and their functions.

Reflex action: definition, classification and properties , principal division of nervous

system; CNS, PNS, Different parts of CNS; principal motor and sensory paths of the

CNS, Upper motor neurone and lower motor neurone.

Sensory nerve ending: Different types of sensation, Muscle tone; Definition and

regulation.

Posture and postural reflex: Autonomic nervous system and its principal division,:

sympathetic and parasympathetic functions served by the sympathetic and para

sympathetic nerves. Neurotransmitter.

Metabolism: Fats, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleoproteins metabolism. Metabolic path

ways of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Enzymes, hormones, vitamins regulating the

metabolic pathways; vitamin and minerals their physiological properties and functions.

Endocrine system: Structure and functions of pituitary thyroid parathyroid, adrenal glands

and pancreatic islets. Hormones secreted by the different endocrine glands and by the

hypothalamus, normal and disordered functions of the different hormones. Regulation of

the secretion of different hormones.

BPH 2105 Pharmaceutics I (Credits 3.0)

History and principle of pharmacy practice: History, code of ethics, pharmacopoeias,

formularies, and codex officially organized in Bangladesh.

Micromeritics: Importance of particle size determination, different means of expressing

particle size, methods of particle size determination, Optical and electronic microscope

studies, Coulter counter methods, Laser beam technique, Sieve analysis, Sedimentation

methods, particle shape and surface area, measurement of surface area.

Solubility and dissolution rate: Methods of expressing solubility, solubility of gases in

liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, solubility of solids in solids, solubility of solids in

liquids, factors affecting solubility, dissolution rate of solids in liquids.

25

Disperse system: The colloidal state, classification of colloids, Preparation, properties of

colloidal sols, Electric double layer, Origin of the charge, stability of colloids,

sedimentation, stoke’s law, viscosity of colloids, coacervation, Dialysis, properties of gels.

Protective colloid, sensitization, dialysis, Donnan membrane equilibrium, application and

uses of colloidal preparation in pharmacy.

Pharmaceutical calculation: Dosage calculation, Statistical methods used in

pharmaceuticals, ANOVA, logarithm calculation, percentage calculation, ratio strength,

and concentration measurements.

Norms of Good manufacturing practices.

Recommended Books

Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students- Cooper & Gunn

American Pharmacy - Sprowl.

Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Dispensing of medication- Husa & Martin.

Pharmaceutical Practice- Aulton

An introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn

An introduction to Pharmaceutical Productions- Polderman

The Extra Pharmacopoeia- Martindale

Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics

Tutorial Pharmacy-Cooper & Gunn

BPH 2106 Organic Pharmacy Practical (Credit 1.0)

Synthesis and tests of drug and drug intermediates:

a) Paracetamol

b) Aspirin

c) PABA (Para Amino Benzoic Acid)

d) Ethyl para hydroxy benzoate

e) Methyl Salicylate.

BPH 2107 Physical Pharmacy II Practical (Credits 1.0)

Determination of viscosity of liquid pharmaceutical preparations- Syrup, emulsion,

suspension.

Study of variation of viscosity of liquids with temperature using Ostwald or Engler’s

viscometer.

Determination of adsorption isotherm of oxalic or acetic acid from aqueous solution by

charcoal and calculation of the constant in Freundlich’s equation.

Determination of equilibrium constant of the reaction KI + I2 = KI3

26

Determination of velocity constant for the hydrolysis of an ester in the basic medium by

Conductance measurements.

Determination of iron content in supplied solution Mohr’s salt by titration with KmnO4.

BPH 2108 Pharmacology I Practical (Credit 1.0)

1. Study of drugs acting on CNS

a. CNS stimulant drugs (Strychine, ephedrine, amphetamine)

b. CNS depressant drugs (Barbiturates)

2. Effect of local anesthetics on rat-tail.

3. Effect of pilocarpine on saliva secretion of rat.

BPH 2109 Physiology & Anatomy II Practical (Credit 1.0)

Recording of normal heart beat in toad

Demonstration of effect of temperature aviation on toad heart.

Demonstration the effects of electrolytes (Na+, K

+) on toad heart.

Recording of respiration with stethograph. Effect of physical exercise on breathing.

Measurement of B.P with sphygmomanometer. Effects of physical exercise on B.P and

heart beat.

Estimation of blood sugar.

YYeeaarr IIII SSeemmeesstteerr IIII

BPH 2201 Pharmaceutics II (Credits 3.0)

Preformulation considerations: Preliminary evaluation and molecular optimization, Bulk

characterization , material crystalinity, polymorphism. Thermal properties, hygroscopicity.

Particle characterization, bulk density, powder flow properties, solubility analysis, pKa

determination, pH, solubility proficle, effect of temperature, solubilization, partition

coefficient, dissolution, stability analysis, solution stability and solid state stability.

Polymer science for pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutical applications, physical ,chemical and

mechanical properties, molecular eight and distribution, polymer solution properties,

plasticization, and elastomers.

Pharmaceutical excipients: Chemistry, physical properties and uses of following excipients:

Acidifying agents, air displacement agents, alkalizing agents, antifoaming agents, anti

microbial agents, preservatives, anti oxidants, buffering agents, chelating agents, colors

complexing agents, emulsifying agents, flavoring agents and perfumes, Humectants,

ointment base, solvents, stiffening agents, wetting and solubilizing agents.

27

Basic principles of compounding and dispensing: Weight, measure and units calculation

for compounding and dispensing. Fundamental operation in compounding. Good

pharmaceutical practices in compounding and dispensing. Containers and closures for

dispensed products. Responding to prescription, labeling of dispensed medications.

General approach to drug development: Drug approval process, pre clinical testing, animal

models, manufacturing issues, clinical trial design.

Recommended Books

The Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy - Lachman.

American Pharmacy - Sprowl.

Pharmaceutics - Aulton.

Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Dispensing of medication- Husa & Martin.

Pharmaceutical Practice-Aulton

An introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn

An introduction to Pharmaceutical Productions-Polderman

The Extra Pharmacopoeia- Martindale

BPH 2202 Pharmacology II (Credit 3.0)

1. Anibacterial and anifungal agents: Introduction, classification, chemistry Mode of

action, SAR, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications dose, adverse effect and

drug interaction of following individual class of drug:

a. Sulfonamide and trimethroprime

b. - lactam antibiotics: Penicillin, cephalosporin, Carbapenems, monolactams

c. Drug affecting bacterial protein synthesis: Tetracycline, Chloramphanicol,

Amioglycosides, Macrolides

d. Fluroquinolones

e. Glycopeptide antibiotics, Polymixin antibiotics, bacitricin and Nitrofurantoin.

f. Antitubercular agents: Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol,

Pyrazinamide, Capreomycin, Thaiacetazone

g. Antiloprosy drug: Dapson, Rifampicin, Clofazimine.

h. Anti fungal agents.

2. Drugs used in tropical diseases: Introduction ,classification, chemistry Mode of action,

SAR, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications dose, adverse effect and drug

interaction of following individual class of drug

Antiamoebic drugs

Antimalarial drugs

Anthelmentic drugs

Drugs used in enteric fever

Drugs used in diarrhoea and cholera

28

3. Pharmacology of drugs affecting cardio-vascular system: General considerations

pharmacological actions, mechanism of action, therapeutic uses, side effects and

structure activity relationships of the following drugs-

Diuretics and anti-diuretics

Drugs used in Angina and Myocardial infarction

Anti-hypertensive drugs

Drugs used in heart failure

Recommended Books

Pharmacological basis of therapeutics-Goodman & Gillman.

Medical Pharmacology-Katzung.

Medical Pharmacology-Meyer.

Medical Pharmacology-A. Goth.

Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics- R.S. Satosker.

BPH 2203 Biomolecular Pharmacy (Credit 3.0)

Carbohydrate: Introduction, classification, isomerism, stereo-chemistry, aldoses, ketoses,

oxidation, effect of alkali, configuration of aldoses and ketoses, epimers and anomers of

sugars, derivatives of monosaccharides, glycoproteins, physiologically important

glycosides, reducing and non reducing sugars, optical activity, hemiacetal, acetal form of

glucose, ring size determination, disaccharides, structure of polysaccharides, starch,

cellulose, glycogen, some pharmaceutically important carbohydrates.

2. Amino acids and protein: Introduction, classification, essential and non essential amino

acids, structure of amino acids, acidity and basicity of amino acids, properties of amino

acids, isoelectric point, zwitterion, reactions of amino acids, amino acid sequence

determination of protein, racimization etc. Denaturation and purification of proteins,

proteins as enzyme, protein as drug, biologically important peptides.

Enzymes and coenzymes: Chemistry, classification, catalytic properties, enzyme specificity,

mechanism of enzyme action, enzyme catalyzed reaction, chemotherapy, coenzymes,

thiamine pyrophosphate, flavin coenzyme, tetrahydrofolate, pantothanic acid, NAD+,

NADH, Pyridoxal pyrophosphate, biotin, vitamin B12. etc.

4. Lipids: Introduction, acylglycerols, saturated, unsaturated and essential fatty acids,

isomerism in fatty acids, phosphoglycerides, steroids, bile salts, lipoproteins etc.

5 Nucleic acids: Chemistry of nucleic acids, bases, nucleosides, nucleotides,

polynucleotides, nucleoproteins, RNA, DNA, Double –Helix theory, replication of

DNA, Codons, anti-codons.

29

Recommended Books

Biochemistry, 5th ed., J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko and L. Stryer. Freeman (1995) (or an

earlier edition).

Molecular Cell Biology, 3rd Ed. Lodish, H., et al (1995).

Essential Cell Biology, 3rd ed. B. Alberts et al. Pub. Garland (1998).

Amazing Schemes within your Genes, Balkwill and Rolph. Collins

Instant Notes in Biochemistry, Hames, Hooper and Houghton. Bios Scientific Publishers

Biochemistry – Leninger

BPH 2204 Clinical Pathology (Credit 3.0)

General considerations and scope of Clinical Pathology.

Cellular Injury and Adaptation: Morphology of injured cells, intracellular accumulation, sub-

cellular alteration, adaptation, neuralgia.

Inflammation and Repair: Morphological patterns and changes in vascular flow and

permeability, phagocytosis, chemical mediators, mechanisms of regeneration and

repairing, gastritis, ulceration, pleuritis, cervicitis.

Neoplasia: Characteristics, grading and stages of cancer, metastasis, karyotype changes in

tumour, carcinogenic agents and their cellular interaction, oncogenes and cancer,

sarcomas..

Diseases of blood vessels: Arteriosclerosis, hypersensitivity, thrombophelibitis, varicose

veins.

Thyroid Diseases: Cretimism, myxedema, graves disease, goiter, hyperthyroidism.

Miscellaneous: Spleenomegaly, pyloric stenosis, endometrial hyperplasia,

cholelithiasis, cholecysitis, disease of the nervous system, gestational and

placental disorders, diseases of stomach and intestine.

Recommended Books

1. Robins Pathologic basis of disease

2. Pathology illustrated-A.D.T. Govan

BPH 2205 Pharmaceutical Microbiology (Credits 3.0)

Introduction to microbiology: Microbiology as a field of biology, Place of micro organism in

the living field, Procaryotic and Eucaryotic protests, Groups of micro organism. Area and

application of microbiology.

30

Microscopic observations of microorganisms: Bright field, dark field, fluorescence and

phase contrast microscopy. Electronic microscopy. Preparations of microscopic

examinations. Wet mount and hanging drop techniques, Fixed and stained smears.

Microbiological stains, Simple and differential staining methods.

Bacteria: Nomenclature of bacteria, Morphology and fine structures, Nutritional

requirements. Bacteriological media,. Growth and reproduction. Quantitative

measurement of bacterial growth. Maintenance and preservation of pure culture of

bacteria.

Microorganisms other than bacteria:

Yeasts-types: Morphology, Reproduction and physiology. Pathogenic yeasts.

Rickettsiae: Introduction, Characteristics of Rickettsiae, Pathogenic Rickettsiae,

Laboratory diagnosis of rikettsial diseases.

Viruses: History, classification, characteristics, reproduction, cultivation of virus,

Virus inhibition, control of viral infection, Bacteriophages, Morphology,

composition , cultivation , reproduction of bacterial viruses.

Sterilization techniques: Sterilization by heat, gas, filtration, radiation, etc.

Aseptic Techniques: Sources of contamination, design of laboratories, aseptic room

ventilation, provision of bacteriological clean air, mechanical filtration, types of filter,

electrostatic precipitation, UV light, chemicals, evaluation of filters, bacteriological testing,

methylene blue test, sodium flame test, bubble pressure technique, laminar flow of air.

Sterility Testing: Significance, factors influencing the design of sterility tests; sampling,

control test, inactivation of antibacterial, filtration techniques in sterility testing,

mechanisms, advantage and disadvantages of filtration, tests on aqueous solutions.

Evaluation Techniques in Microbiology: Methods of evaluation, Microbiological assay

of disinfectants and antibiotics – principles, methodology, and features of the assay.

Microbiologic contamination of pharmaceutical products: sources, evaluation,

prevention, control etc.

Immunology: Infection, resistance, immunity, antigens and antibodies antigen-antibody

reactions, primary & secondary defensive mechanism of body, microbial resistance,

interferon, basic principles of immunity, active and passive immunity.

Recommended Book

Microbiology - Pelczar, Kreig and Khan.

Microbiology : An Introduction- Tortora, Funkee and Case

Biology of Microorganisms-T.D. Brock

Industrial Microbiology - Prescott and Dunn.

31

Pharmaceutical Microbiology - Harris.

Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology - Salle.

Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students - Cooper and Gunn.

Microbiology- Lachman and Whistriche

BPH 2206 Pharmaceutics II Practical (Credit 1.0)

Experiments to illustrate the preparation, problems encountered during preparation, physical

evaluation of: pH determination, isotonicity & solubility determination and adjustments

BPH 2207 Pharmacology II Practical (Credit 1.0)

1. Estimation of salicyclic acid in blood after administration of Aspirin tablet.

2. Estimation of paracetamol in blood after administration.

3. Test of local anesthesia.

4. Estimation of anti histamine in blood after administration

BPH 2208 Pharmaceutical Microbiology Practical (Credits 1.0)

Identification and characterization of bacteria

Staining of bacterial cells and spores.

Preparation of pure bacterial cultures.

Preparation of pure culture and its identification

Bacterial counts.

BPH 2209 ORAL ASSESMENT II (Credit 1.0)

YYeeaarr IIIIII SSeemmeesstteerr II

BPH 3101 Medicinal Chemistry I (Credit 3.0)

Drug targets: various types of drug targets; identification and validation, Receptors as drug

targets: General principles of designing and developing various receptor agonists and

antagonists. Receptors sensitization and desensitization, tolerance and dependence.

Enzymes as drug targets: designing enzyme inhibitors, Nucleic acids as drug targets.

Signal transduction and its role in designing drugs.

Structure activity relationship and quantitative structure activity relationship: their importance in

designing drug molecules.

Stereochemistry and drug design.

SAR, physicochemical properties, biochemical approaches to drug design of the following group

of drugs:

(a) Antimetabolites

32

(b) Anticancer drugs

(c) Chemotherapeutic agents used in bacterial, protozoal, parasitic and other infections

resistance and the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.

Recommended Books

1. A Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry-Wilson & Gisvold

2. Medicinal Chemistry-Burger

3. Organic Chemistry (Vol. 1& 2)-Finar

4. Organic Chemistry-Morrison & Boyd.

BPH 3102 Pharmaceutical Technology I (Credits 3.0)

Dosages forms: Introduction, Definition and classification of different pharmaceutical dosages

forms.

Liquid dosages forms: Solution and elixirs, theory of solution, different factors affecting solution

process, packaging of liquids, preservation and stability, quality control system of liquid.

Suspensions: Advantages and disadvantages of suspension, theoretical considerations,

aggregated and dispersed systems, formulation, manufacturing, stability, evaluation and

quality control, rheological considerations, illustrative example.

Emulsions: Definitions, applications, advantages, disadvantages, theory, formation, classification

of emulsifying agent, formulation, manufacturing, stability, evaluation and quality system,

rheological consideration, illustrative examples.

Semisolids (ointment, paste, gel): Structure of skin, percutaneous absorption of drugs.

Definition, classification of semisolid, classification of ointment bases, formulation,

manufacturing of ointments, rheological considerations, evaluation and quality system.

Suppositories: Drug absorption from colon, classification, formulation, manufacturing, quality

control, suppository bases.

Recommended Books

The Theory and practice - Lachman of Industrial Pharmacy.

American Pharmacy - Sprowl.

Pharmaceutics - Aulton.

Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Dispensing of medication- Husa & Martin.

Pharmaceutical Practice-Aulton

An introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn

An introduction to Pharmaceutical Productions-Polderman

The Extra Pharmacopoeia- Martindale

33

BPH 3103 Biomolecular Genetics (Credit 3.0)

Translation and Protein Synthesis: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Amino acid

activation, initiation, elongation, termination, inhibition by antibiotics.Genetic engineering and

its applications in Pharmaceutical industries.

2. Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycolysis with all related reactions., Krebs cycle with all

related reactions, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, hexose monophosphate

shunt, uronic acid pathway.Biological oxidation, electron transport chain, oxidative

phosphorylation, Free radicals and antioxidants.

3. Metabolism of lipids- An overview of lipid metabolism, beta-oxidation of fatty acids,

energetics of fatty acid oxidation, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, ketonebodies,

overproduction of ketone bodies, regulation of ketogenesis, ketoacidosis, lipoproteins, fatty

liver, lipotropic factors, obesity, atherosclerosis.

4. Metabolism of ammonia and nitrogen containing compounds: Biosynthesis of amino

acids, catabolism of amino acids, deamination, transamination, ammonia formation and

transport, one carbon metabolism, fate of carbon skeleton of aminoacids, inborn errors of

amino acid metabolism, conversion of amino acids to specialized products, urea cycle,

metabolic disorders of urea cycle, metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids, porphyrin

biosynthesis, formation of bile pigments, hyperbilirubinemia, purine biosynthesis, purine

neucleotide interconversion, pyrimidine biosynthesis and formation of deoxyribonecleotides.

5. Nucleic acids and protein Biosynthesis: Brief introduction of the genetic organization of

the mammalian genome, alteration and rearrangements of genetic material, biosynthesis of

DNA and its replication, mutation, physical and chemical mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, DNA

repair mechanism, biosynthesis of RNA, Genetic code, components of protein synthesis and

inhibition of protein synthesis, Regulation of gene expression

DNA Replication, RNA and Transcription: Genetic code in DNA replication, mRNA, tRNA,

rRNA, ribosome structure, RNA synthesis and post-transcriptional modifications.

BPH 3104 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control I (Credit 3.0)

Introduction and Techniques of pharmaceutical analysis: Selection of samples, Selection of

chemicals, Choosing tools, identification of containers, filtration, ignition of precipitates,

drying of samples, recording of results.

Aqueous acid- base titration: Definitions, distribution of acid-base species with pH of the

midium. Acid-base titrimetry for determination of weakly acidic and basic pharmaceuticals.

Indicators (theories), their selection and applications.

Oxidation Reduction Titration: Principles and concepts. Determination involving potassium

permanganate, potassium dichromate and potassium bromate. Iodometric titration,

miscellaneous oxidation-reduction titration, Indicators and applications.

34

Complexometric titration: Introduction to complexometric titration. Complexes and chelates,

stability of complexions, Titration based on complex formation. Types of complexometric

titrations. Techniques employed in chelometric titration. Methods of end point detection,

titration selectrivity and masking agents.

Aquametry: Concept, methods like Physical methods of water determination. Chemical methods

of water determination. and pharmaceutical importance

Principles of microbiological assay of antibiotics and vitamins.

Non-aqueous Titration: concept, different methods and pharmaceutical importance

Recommended Books

1. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis- K.A. Connors

2. Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis- Chatten

3. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis vol. I & II- Vogel

4. United State Pharmacopoeia

5. British Pharmacopoeia.

6. Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industry- M.S. Cooper

7. Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industry- Bekkect and Stenlake

BPH 3105 Pharmacology III (Credit 3.0)

1. Drugs acting on CNS:

a. CNS stimulating drugs,

b. Cholinergic and anti-cholinergic drugs,

c. Adrenergic and anti-adrenergic drugs

d. Sedatives & hypnotics, Psychotropic and anti-depressant drugs

2. Anti-diabetic drugs: Introduction and classification of diabetics, Hyperglycemia and

hypoglycemia, Introduction, classification, chemistry, mode of action SAR pharmacokinetics,

indication, contraindications, dose, adverse effect and drug interaction of Oral hypoglycemic

agent, a) Sulfonylureas, b) Bigunides, Mangement of Diabetes mellitus, Hormone preparation;

Insulin

3. Toxicology: Principles,LD50, LD10, ED50, Therapeutic Index, evaluation of toxicology in

animals, factors affecting poisoning; interventions by pharmacists in the prevention,

diagnosis, management of poisoning; types of arsenic poisoning, Ground water and arsenic

poisoning, geographical distribution in Bangladesh, detection of arsenic; symptoms,

diagnosis, prevention and treatment of arsenic poisoning; arsenic mitigation programs in

Bangladesh, General considerations in Drug abuse ; characteristics and treatment of drug

abuse; consequences of drug abuse, control of drug abuse etc.

BPH 3106 Hospital & Community Pharmacy (Credit 3.0)

35

1. Introduction: Abilities Required of a Hospital Pharmacist. Hospital as an institution,

registration requirements, general functions, classification, Organizational patterns,

Management and administration, Role of a Pharmacist in the Hospital, Hospital Pharmacy,

Organizational and administration, Supportive personnel, Pharmacy Education.

2. Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee: Description and purpose, organization, scopes

and functions, Hospital Formulary, Guiding Principles, Legal Basis, Principles for

Admission of Deletion of Drugs. Investigational Use of Drugs, Description, and Principles

involved, Classification, Control, Identification, Advisory committee, hospital formulary

system.

3. Purchasing and Drug Distribution: Purchasing system, Control on Purchases, Storage,

Physical Inventory, Perpetual Inventory. Drug distribution and control system in hospitals,

Floor Stock Drugs, Inspection of Nursing station medication area.

4. Control of Special Classes of Drugs: Narcotics distribution and Control, Procurement

and Execution of Order Forms, Dispensing, Hospital Narcotic Regulations.

5. Dispensing to In and Out Patients: Dispensing of charged Non floor stock drugs, Unit

dose dispensing. Dispensing to out-door patients, Record keeping. Dispensing during off

hours, Emergency boxes and night drug cabinets, Pharmacist on call, Drug charges in

hospitals, Pricing, break even point pricing.

6. Drug information centre and library: Physical facilities, selection of contents, Methods of

dissemination of drug information, External educational programs.

7. Community Pharmacy: Concept of community Health care, Health needs of the

community, Different levels of health care, Elements of Primary Health care, Principles of

Primary Health care, community Pharmacy in dealing with communicable diseases

problem, Nutritional Problems, Environmental sanitation problems and indigenous systems

of medicine, Development of Community Pharmacy infrastructure.

8. Rational Use of Drugs: Background of Rational use of Drugs, Definition, Factors

Underlying irrational use of Drugs. Factors effecting drug use, strategies to improve

prescribing, Strengths and weakness of different Interventions to change drug use patterns,

international network for rational use of drugs.

9. Forensic Pharmacy: Definition, Epidemiology of poisoning, Influential factors, substances

most frequently involved in Accidental ingestions among children. First-Aid treatment for

poisoning, treatment, Antidotes: locally acting and systemic, Prevention of poisoning,

poison Control, Poison control act, Schedules, poison treatment centre, Poison prevention

Packaging, National and community Awareness, Centralization of Poison Information.

Responsibilities of pharmacists.

Recommended Books

36

Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics by Herfindal, Gourly & Hort

Therapeutic basis of Clinical Pharmacy in the tropics by Aguwa

Hospital Pharmacy by William Hasan

Textbook of Hospital Pharmacy by Allwood

BPH 3107 Medicinal Chemistry I Practical (Credit 1.0)

Experiments involving the synthesis, design of synthetic process of different generic group of

pharmaceuticals and allied raw materials covered in the theoretical section of the medicinal

chemistry curriculum.

BPH 3108 Pharmaceutical Technology I Practical (Credits 1.0)

Preparation of paracetamol suspension

Preparation of benzyl benzoate ointment

Preparation of clopromazine hydrochloride syrup.

Preparation of dry syrups and suspensions.

Preparation of effervescent powders.

Preparation of ORS.

YYeeaarr IIIIII SSeemmeesstteerr IIII

BPH 3201 Medicinal Chemistry II (Credit 3.0)

Target oriented drug design: Optimization of drug target interactions. Getting from hit

to lead to clinic.

Pharmacokinetic drug design: optimization of pharmacokinetic parameters.

Combinational Synthesis: role in lead generation and lead optimization.

Computer aided drug design: Design via structure and computer modeling.

5. Development and design ,synthetic procedures of selected drugs, SAR of :

a. Drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission

b. Drugs affecting adrenergic neurotransmission

c. serotonin receptors and drug affecting serotonergic neurotransmission

d. Local anesthetics

e .Neuromuscular blockers , anti-parkinsonian and spasmolytic agents

f. antipsychotic agents

Recommended Books

A Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry – Wilson and Gisvold.

Medicinal Chemistry – Burger.

Organic Chemistry (vol. 1 & 2) – Finar.

Organic Chemistry – Morrison and Boyd

37

BPH 3202 Pharmacoeconomics & Policy (Credits 2.0)

1. Understandings of how the market for pharmaceuticals works and why it is often the

focus of much regulation. Flow of funds, demand, contracting.

2. Managed care, risk, capital and competition, insurance.

3. Economic and policy problems encountered in managing pharmaceutical markets and

how to evaluate the impact of alternative policy approaches. Basic features of

pharmaceutical markets; approaches to regulating the market; and critically evaluating

the impact of policy on market outcomes.

4. Analyses of pharmaceutical markets from the perspectives of several main factors:

governments, third party payers, the pharmaceutical industry, doctors, patients,

pharmacists and wholesalers. Literature from Health Economics, Industrial Organisation

and Health Policy.

5. Fundamentals to decision making of pharmaceutical economic agents such as business

firms, macroeconomics, consumers and government.

Recommended Books

1. Health Economics: Fundamentals and Flow of Funds- Thomas E. Getzen.

2. E Mossialos, M Mrazek & T Walley (Eds), Regulating Pharmaceuticals in Europe. Striving

for Efficiency, Equity and Quality, Buckingham, Open University Press (2004);

3. S O Schweitzer, Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy, OUP (1997); P M Danzon,

Pharmaceutical Price Regulation, AEI Press (1997);

4. W S Comanor, 'The Political Economy of the Pharmaceutical Industry', Journal of

Economic Literature, XXIV (September): 1178-1217 (1986);

5. F M Scherer 'The Pharmaceutical Industry', Chapter 25, in: A J Culyer & J P

Newhouse (Eds), Handbook of Health Economics, Vol 1, Amsterdam, Oxford,

Elsevier.

BPH 3203 Pharmaceutical Technology II (Credits 3.0)

Powder and granules: Reasons for granulation, properties of granules, size, shape, surface

area, density strength and friability, Pharmaceutical granulation equipment; Wet and dry

granulators, granulation methods; wet and dry granulation methods, direct compression

methods effect of granulation method on granule structure.

Tablet formulation: Definitions and classification , advantages and disadvantages,

properties of tablets, formulation of tablets, modern tableting excipients, directly

compressible vehicles, Manufacturing of tablets, effervescent tablets, compression

coated tablets, chewable tablets, common problems in tableting process. Evaluation of

tablets: Hardness measurement, weight variation tests, thickness and diameter, friability,

38

disintegration time, dissolution time, mechanism of tablet disintegration and dissolution, in

process quality control

Tablet compression machines and tooling: Types of tablet tooling, steel selection,

maintenance and storage of tooling.

Tablet coating: Definitions and classification of coating methods, advantages of coating

methods, different methods of coating, sugarcoating, film coating, enteric coating.

Hard gelatin capsules: Definitions, classification advantages and limitation of capsule

dosages form, gelatin and its manufacturing, manufacturing of hard capsule shell,

properties and formulation of capsule, capsule filling machine, tooling accessories,

manufacturing problems, quality control and packaging.

Soft gelatin capsule: Definitions, classification advantages and limitation of capsule

manufacturing of soft capsule, properties and formulation of capsule, manufacturing

problems, quality control and packaging.

Sustained release drug delivery systems: Principles, advantages, limitations and type of

SR dosages forms, methods of obtaining SR effect of drugs. Formulation and

manufacturing of SR matrix tablets, drug release from SR dosage forms, evaluation of

SRDF, Excipients used in SRDF, Dose calculation.

Micro encapsulation Technology: Purpose, method of preparation and evaluation.

BPH 3204 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Credit 2.0)

Introduction: Pharmacist and Biotechnology, Approved biotechnological product and

vaccines, GMP compliance and biopharmaceutical facilities.

Immobilization of enzyme: Surface immobilization by covalent coupling, Adsorption,

Complexation and chelation, within support immobilization and cell immobilization.

Fermentation Technology: Fermentation process and optimization, Improvement of

microbial strain, structure and types of fermenter, Fermented pharmaceutical

products (Antibiotics and Vitamins).

Recombinant DNA Technology: Introduction, Cutting and rejoining of DNA,

Mutagenesis, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in gene amplification,

Pharmaceutical application of recombinant DNA technology, Drug delivery system,

Gene therapy, Basic Molecular mechanism of gene transfer, Prerequisite of human

gene therapy, gene therapy for cancer and HIV, Various problems in gene therapy.

Basic Immunology: Nature and acquired immunity, Innate immune system, Adapted,

Acquired immunity, specific immunity and antibody clonal selection. Cells of immune

system, Antibody and immunoglobulin, Monoclonal antibody and its application,

39

Current trends in vaccines, Delivery considerations of biopharmaceutical products,

Molecular principles of drug category.

Antisense therapy: Antisense therapy, Basic concept, Mechanism of antisense

therapy and examples of antisense therapy for the treatment of different diseases.

Bioinformatics: Definition and concepts, importance and bioinformatics, Biological

database, primary sequence database, protein sequence database, DNA sequence

database, Genome resource web address, Multiple sequence alignment, Importance

of multiple sequence alignment for drug design, importance of coiled coil peptide for

drug design.

Dispensing Biotechnological products: Storage and maintenance, Handing and

transportation requirements, preparation and administration, Reimbursement.

Recommended Books

Biotechnology and its application in Pharmacy - Giriraj Kulkarni

Introduction to Bioinformatics – T. Attwood, D. J. Parry – Smith.

BPH 3205 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control II (Credit 3.0)

Quality Assurance: Theory and concepts of cGMP, ISO 9001, TQM, quality review and

documentation, regulatory control, regulatory drug analysis and interpretation of

analytical data, Process and equipment validation and quality, validation of analytical

instruments.

Absorption Spectrophotometry:

UV-Visible: Introduction, electromagnetic radiations, units, electromagnetic spectra

and absorption of radiation. Lambert’s and Beer’s laws, Deviations from

Lambert’s –Beer’s law. chromophores and auxochromes, nalysis of mixtures,

absorption and intensity shifts, Appication of UV and visible spectroscopy in

quantitative analysis of drugs.

IR spectrophotometry: Introduction, Principle, instrumentation and application of IR

spectrophotometry in Pharmaceutical analysis.

Flourometry: Theoretical principle, Fluorescence and chemical structures,. Instrumentation.

Factors influencing intensity of fluorescence. Comparison of fluorometry and

spectrophotometry. Applications of fluorometry in pharmaceutical analysis.

Polarimetry: Introduction, origin of optical rotation, molecular requirements for optical

rotation. Methods used in polarimetry. Instrumentation and applications of polarimetry.

40

Chromatographic Technique: Column, paper, thin layer, gas, ion exchange, HPLC,size

exclusion and their applications in pharmaceutical analysis.

Recommended Books

A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis- K.E. Connors

Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis- Chatten

Quantitative Inorganic Analysis vol. I & II- Vogel

United State Pharmacopoeia

British Pharmacopoeia.

Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industry- M.S. Cooper

BPH 3206 Pharmacy Law & Ethics (Credits 2.0)

Scope, opportunities in government and the armed forces

Drug administration and pharmacy council of Bangladesh, their scope and functions.

Regulations and laws governing the practices of pharmacy (The pharmacy ordinance 1976).

Control of drug advertisements, prices, patented and trade market medicine, proprietary

medicine, schedules of drugs and poisons, regulation of cosmetics and poison control.

Polices, sales, regulation and law concerning to the manufacture, possession, distribution,

sale of drugs and poisons. The drug policy 1982, Essential drug list, The drug act 1940,

The drug control ordinance 1982, The narcotics (control) act 1990, The poisons act 1919

and related amendments.

Professional characteristic and ethical norms, relationship of trust, ethical considerations

during pharmacy practice, deficiencies of self regulation, adherence of self regulation.

The pharmacist’s code of ethics.

Government health and drug policies.

Recommended Books

The Pharmacy Ordinance, 1976, Ministry of Law and Parliamentary affairs, Government of

Bangladesh, Dhaka

The Drugs (control) Ordinance, 1982, Ministry of Law and Land Reforms Government of

Bangladesh, Dhaka.

Drug Policy of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Population Control, Health Division,

Dhaka. A Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy-B.M. Mithal

Pharmacist’s Code of Ethics, Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh

BPH 3207 Pharmaceutical Engineering (Credits 3.0)

41

1. Drying: Theory of drying, Methods of drying of wet solids; Convective, conductive and

radiation drying, Dryers for dilute solutions and suspensions, Freeze drying, solute

migration during drying.

2. Mixing: Theory and type of mixing, Degree of mixing, mixing of powdered materials and

miscible liquids and suspension, Mixing of semisolids, Factors affecting the mixing

process, Types of semisolid mixer.

3. Clarification and filtration: Definition and theory of filtration, factors affecting filtration

rate, mechanism of filtration, industrial filters and filtration techniques.

4. Lay out plan of pharmaceutical manufacturing plant: Guidelines for selecting new

plant sites.

5. Water treatment plant in pharmaceutical industry: Source of raw water, Natural

impurities in raw water and their removal, Purification methods, Definition and

classification of pharmaceutical water. Manufacturing and storage of pharmaceutical

water, Distillation of water, Ion-exchange process, Reverse osmosis, microbiological

quality and analysis of pharmaceutical water.

6. Humidity control and air conditioning: Importance of humidity control in

pharmaceutical industry, Methods of humidity control. psychometric chart &

measurement of humidity in pharmacy.

7. Milling and size separation: Theoretical aspects of milling, influence of material

properties on milling, Crack propagation and toughness, Surface hardness, Energy

requirements, Influence of size reduction on size distribution, Factors affecting milling,

industrial size reduction methods, selection of particle size reduction methods.

8. Safety methods in pharmaceutical industry: Fire protection, handling of dangerous

and toxic chemicals, Waste disposal, Animal handling in pharmaceutical industry.

9. Material Handling System (a) Liquid handling: Different types of pump. (b) Gas

handling: various types of fans, blowers & compressors. (c) Solid handling: bins, bunkers,

conveyors, and air transport.

10. Automated Process control systems: Process variables, temperature, pressure, flow

level & vacuum & their measurements. Elements of automatic process control &

introduction to automatic process control systems, Elements of computer aided

manufacturing (CAM).

11. Industrial Hazards & safety precautions: Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, fire & dust

hazards, industrial dermatitis, accident records etc.

Recommended Books

42

1. The Theory and practice - Lachman of Industrial Pharmacy.

2. American Pharmacy - Sprowl.

3. Pharmaceutics - Aulton.

4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.

5. Dispensing of medication- Husa & Martin.

6. Pharmaceutical Practice-Aulton

7. An introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn

8. An introduction to Pharmaceutical Productions-Polderman

9. The Extra Pharmacopoeia- Martindale

BPH 3208 Medicinal Chemistry II Practical (Credit 1.0)

Synthesis of organic compounds of medicinal uses

Studies of drug design

Extraction of metabolic enzymes from liver and their effects

Exercise on stereochemistry and drug receptor interactions.

BPH 3209 Pharmaceutical Technology II Practical (Credits 1.0)

1. Preparation of granules by wet granulation methods

2. Formulation of emulsions, suspensions, syrups, ointments, suppositories

3. Preparations, problems encountered during preparation, physical evaluation of the

different

4. Dosage forms:

Tablets including coated tablets

Capsules

Suppositories

5. Physical test (Hardness, weight variation, thickness, friability) for tablets,

Disintegration and dissolution study of tablets and hard gelatin capsule.

BPH 3210 Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control II Practical (Credit 1.0)

Assay of salicylic acid in tablets

Determination of calcium gluconate in tablets by EDTA methods

Non aqueous assay of diclofenac sodium in suppositories

Determination of saponification values, iodine value and acid value of fixed oils.

Microbial assay of antibiotics and vitamins.

BPH 3211 ORAL ASSESSMENT III (Credit 1.0)

YYeeaarr IIVV SSeemmeesstteerr II

BPH 4101 Advanced Medicinal Chemistry (Credit 3.0)

43

Drug design and discovery: Source of drugs, Cost and place of development of drugs,

Search for new drugs, Genesis of drug.

Drug Metabolism: Pathways of drug metabolism, Metabolism of various groups of drug,

Factor affecting drug metabolism, methods of studying drug metabolism, New aspects of

drug metabolism. Metabolic products of common drugs.

Chemistry, synthesis, SAR and physico-chemical properties of:

Sedatives and hypnotics

Autacoids

Analgesics, antipyrectic and anti-inflammatory drugs

Tranquilizing agents

Membrane acting drugs : Drugs acting on Ca+ K

+, Na

+ channels

Case history of specific drug design:

Antihypertensive (- blocker)

H2 blocker

Antidiabetic drugs

Recommended Books

A Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry-Wilson & Gisvold

Medicinal Chemistry-Burger

Organic Chemistry (Vol. 1& 2)-Finar

Organic Chemistry-Morrison & Boyd

BPH 4102 Clinical Pharmacy (Credit 3.0)

Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, role of clinical pharmacists, skills abilities of clinical

pharmacists

Basic concepts of pharmacotherapy: (a) Clinical pharmacokinetics and individualization of

dosage regimen (b) Drug induced diseases (c) Adverse drug interaction (d) Clinical

toxicology.

3. Interpretation of common clinical laboratory tests.

4. Disorder of organ system and their management: (a) Cardiovascular disorder:

hypertension, CCF MI, angina, arrhythmias. (b) CNS disorder: epilepsy, parkinsonism,

schizophrenia, depression. (c) Asthma (d) Ulcer, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver (e)

Diabetes and thyroid disorder (f) Anemia’s (g) Tuberculosis, Urinary Tract Infection,

Enteric Infection, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. (h) Neoplastic diseases

Recommended Books

Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics-A.G. Gilman, L.S.

44

Goodman,

Text Book of Pharmacology and Therapeutics-S.S.Bhattacharya (ed.), B.N.Ghosh’s

Atlas of Drug Reactions- R.D. Colins

British National Formulary, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britalin, London.

Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Williams & Wilkins.

Therapeutic Basis of Clinical Pharmacy in the Tropics- Aguwa

BPH 4103 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis I (Credit 3.0)

1. Polarography: Introduction, theoretical considerations, instrumentation. General

polarographic analysis.

2. Conductrometry: Introduction, theoretical considerations, instrumentation, General

conductometry analysis

3. Electrogravimetry and coulumetry: Introduction, Instrumentation, polarization effect,

contrast with potentiometry, potentiostatic electrolysis, uses in pharmaceutical sciences.

4. X-ray crystallography: Introduction, Instrumentation, and application of X ray

crystallography in pharmaceutical sciences.

5. Potentiometry: Introduction, theory and Principles, electrochemical cells and half-cells,

electrodes, measurement of potential. Application of potentiometric titrations.

6. Amperometry: Introduction, theoretical considerations, instrumentation. General

amperometric titrations using one and two electrodes.

7. Bioassay of antibiotics with statistical evaluation.

Recommended Books

1. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis- K.E. Connors

2. Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis- Chatten

3. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis vol. I & II- Vogel

4. United State Pharmacopoeia

5. British Pharmacopoeia.

6. Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industry- M.S. Cooper

BPH 4104 Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing (Credit 3.0)

Basics of Marketing: Needs, wants and demands; product, value, cost, satisfaction;

exchange, transaction and relationship; markets, marketing and marketers.

Production, Product, Selling and Marketing Concepts. Marketing Process- Selecting

marketing opportunities, targeting the market, product positioning, formulating marketing

strategy and plans, organizing, and implementing and controlling marketing efforts.

45

Pharmaceutical Marketing Environment: Patients- disease incidence, economic factor,

demographic factor, physicians- different classes, hospital and clinics, retail and wholesale

pharmacy, competitive factors, social and cultural factor, technology, government and legal

factors.

Identification of Marketing opportunity: Marketing Information System, prescription audit,

prescription behavior analysis, doctors’ database, purchase invoice audit, prevalence of

diseases, identifying competitors, identifying competitors’ strategy, objectives, strengths and

weaknesses, reactions.

Demand Analysis: Market potential, estimating market share, forecasting techniques- expert

opinion, seasonal variation, statistical techniques, trend extrapolation, survey of prescribes’

opinions.

Market Segmentation: Necessity of market segmentation, prescription market-group of doctors,

therapeutic market, OTC market, wholesale market, and government market, clinics, NGOs,

foreign market.

Code of pharmaceutical marketing. Future of Pharmaceutical marketing: Effect of GATT; change

in drug policy, development of genetic engineering, changes in health habit and awareness,

introduction of health insurance.

Formulation of Marketing Strategies: Establishing competitive edge, product differentiation,

service differentiation, product positioning, medical treatment problems.

Recommended Books

Marketing Management-Kotler, Philip; Prentice-Hall Inc.

Organizational Behavior- Robbins, Stephens P.; Prentice Hall Inc.

Management- A global perspective by Weirich, Heinz & Koontz

Principles and Methods of Pharmacy Management - H.A. Smith

BPH 4105 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics I (Credits 3.0)

Introduction to pharmacokinetics : Basic aspects of biopharmaceutis and clinical

pharmacokinetics and their role in formulation development and clinical setting.

Fate of drug after administration, drug absorption: Physiological ,physio-chemical and

biopharmaceutical considerations, apparent volume of distribution of drugs. Zero order

absorption model, first order model, determination of rate constant from oral absorption data.

Pro drug concept: Methods of modifying drug delivery systems

Protein bindings: Effect of protein binding on drug disposition characteristics

Bioavailability and bioequivalence study.

Drug clearance and metabolism.

46

Blood and related products.

Recommended Books

Biopharmaceutics & Clinical pharmacokinetics- M. Gibaldi

Biopharmaceutics & Clinical pharmacokinetics- Notari

Biopharmaceutics & relevant pharmacokinetics- T.G. Wagner

Biopharmaceutics & Drug interactions-Cadwallader

Pharmacokinetics-M. Gibaldi & D. Perrier

BPH 4106 Clinical Pharmacy Practical (Credit 1.0)

1. Estimation of blood glucose levels in different states and after receiving oral xylose,

galactose,

2. maltose or pharmaceuticals that may contain these substances.

3. Estimation of serum electrolytes and trace elements.

4. Estimation of serum bilirubin.

5. Preparation of total parenteral nutrients

6. New specimen labels and labeling.

7. Urinalysis: dipstick and microscopic examination.

8. Coagulation test: prothrombin time (PT).

9. Assay of Triglyceride and LDL.

10. Opiate and drugs testing in urine.

11. Testing for amphetamines, benzodiazepines,THC and barbiturates in urine.

12. Culture and sensitivity of different specimens.

BPH 4107 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics I Practical (Credits 1.0)

Study of hardness variation, disintegration time of tablet dosage form

Dissolution study of theophylline tablet (conventional tablet)

Dissolution study of thephylline tablet (SRDF)

Dissolution of study of diclofenac sodium (enteric coated) tablet

BPH 4108 Professional Project (Credit 3.0)

YYeeaarr IIVV SSeemmeesstteerr IIII

BPH 4201 Cosmetology (Credits 2.0)

1. Introduction, prospect of cosmetics in health care and hygienic practices.

2. The Skin

47

Introduction: Epidermis & keratinizing systems, Pigmentary system, Langerhans Cell,

Dermis. Nerve and sense organs, Blood vessels, Exocrine sweat glands, Hair follicles,

Sebaceous glands, Apocrine glands, Common disorders of the skin.

3. Product Ingredients

Commonly used surface active agents, humectants, antiseptics, preservatives,

antioxidants.

4. The manufacture of cosmetics

Introduction, Mixing and the manufacture of bulk cosmetic products, Solid-solid mixing.

Manufacture of pigmented powder products. Mixing processes involving fluid, General

principles of fluid mixing. Mixing equipment for fluids, Solid-liquid mixing, Suspension of

solids in agitated tanks, Liquid-liquid mixing, Miscible liquids.

5. Skin creams

Introduction: Classification of skin creams, Cold creams, Cleansing creams, night and

massage, creams.Moisturizing, vanishing and foundation creams, Pigmented foundation

creams, Hand creams, hand-and body creams. All purpose creams.

6. Shaving preparations

Introduction: Lather shaving cream, Brushless or non-lathering cream, Aerosol shaving

foams, After-shave preparations

7. Dental products

Introduction: Formulation and manufacture of toothpastes, tooth powders, mouth wash.

8. Shampoos:

Introduction Hair setting lotions, Hair tonics and conditioners.

Recommended Books

Cosmetics, Science and Technology (Vol- I & II)- Balsam and Sagarin

Preparation and distribution of drugs and cosmetics – Sahn

BPH 4202 Pharmaceutical Technology III (Credits 3.0)

Design and operation of clean room: Source of contamination, Air flow system:

conventional, Unidirectional, laminar air flow unit, Air filtration, mechanisms: Fibrous and

HEPA filters, Temperature and humidity control, Building design, construction and use,

personnel, Protective clothing, cleaning, and disinfecting, commissioning test of clean

and aseptic rooms, routine monitoring tests, The operation of clean aseptic room, Key

factors in clean room operations.

Parenteral products: Definitions and classifications, Formulation considerations; vehicles

and additives, containers, manufacturing consideration. Environment, manufacturing

techniques, raw materials and machines, quality control, sterility tests, pyrogen test,

clarity test, leak test for ampoules and packaging of parenteral products.

48

Ophthalmic Products: Anatomy of eye and adnexa, Absorption of drugs in the eye,

classification of ophthalmic products, safety considerations and formulation

considerations, formulation considerations: Environment, manufacturing techniques, raw

materials and machines, quality control, quality control and packaging of ophthalmic

products.

Packaging technology: Purpose of packaging, Properties of packaging materials, factors

influencing choice of packaging, advantages and disadvantages of packaging materials,

glass, and glass containers, metal and metal containers, plastic and plastic containers,

films, foils and laminates, rubber based materials, closures, tamper resistant packaging,

testing and quality assurance of packaging materials, different packing machine, and

accessories, organization of packaging line, labeling.

Compaction and compression: Physics of tablet compression, mechanism of tablet

formation, bonding in tablets, the effect of compressional force on tablet properties, effect

of lubricants on tablet compression, binding, instrumented tablet machines and tooling,

problems associated with large scale manufacturing of tablets.

Aerosol Science and Technology: Definitions, classification, propellants for aerosol

manufacturing, components of aerosol formulation, containers and valves for aerosols,

Metered dose delivery of aerosols, manufacturing and evaluation of aerosols.

Drug delivery to lungs: Drug administration to respiratory tract, Mechanism and factors

affecting deposition of drugs in respiratory tract, quality control in manufacturing of

metered dose inhalers.

Recommended Books

1. Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy- Lachmann.

2. American Pharmacy- Sprowl.

3. Pharmaceutics- Aulton.

4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.

5. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students- Cooper & Gunn.

6. Dispensing of Medication-Husa & Martin.

7. Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics.

8. Tutorial Pharmacy- Cooper & Gunn.

9. An introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn.

BPH 4203 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis II (Credit 3.0)

UV and IR spectroscopy: Ultraviolet and Infrared spectroscopy in structural analysis.

NMR spectroscopy:

1Hspectroscopy: Introduction and theory, relaxation process, Instrumentation. Chemical shift,

factors affecting chemical shift, spin-spin coupling. Different spin systems. Coupling

49

constants, factors effecting coupling constant, spin-spin decoupling. Long range coupling.

Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Correlated spectroscopy (COSY), Nuclear over Hauser

effect (nOe) and 2D nuclear over Hauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY), HOHAHA,

HMBC, HMQC

13CSpectroscopy:Theoretical consideration, broad band and DEPT spectra, application of

13C

in instrumental analysis

Mass spectroscopy: Introduction, theory, the mass spectrum, determination of molecular

formula, ionization techniques, recognition of molecular ion. Fragmentation process,

applications.

Atomic Absorption spectroscopy: Theory, instrumentation, application in quantitative

analysis.

Recommended Books

Methods of spectroscopy – Donald A. Pavia

Spectroscopy – William Kemp

Elementary Organic Spectroscopy – Y.R. Sharma

Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis – K.E. Connors.

BPH 4204 Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics II (Credits 3.0)

Compartmental kinetics: Compartmental models, determination of different

pharmacokinetic parameters from plasma urine after drug administration by IV and oral route.

Method of determining residuals: back feathering techniques

Multiple dosage regimen: Drug accumulation repetitive intravenous injection. Multiple oral

dosage regimen, loading dose, determination of bioavaiPracticalility and bioquivalance from

MDR.

Intra venous infusion: One compartment model drugs, two compartment model drugs,

infusion plus loading dose.

Different methods of determining zero and first order absorption rate constant, the Plateau

principle and concept of steady state.

Non linear pharmacokinetics with special reference to one compartment model after IV

administration, detection of non linearity (Saturation principle).

Dose adjustment in patients with renal and hepatic diseases.

Non compartmental analysis.

Relationship between pharmacokinetic data and pharmacological response.

Recommended Books

50

1. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical pharmacokinetics- M. Gibaldi

2. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical pharmacokinetics- Notari

3. Biopharmaceutics & relevant pharmacokinetics- T.G. Wagner

4. Biopharmaceutics & Drug interactions-Cadwallader

5. Pharmacokinetics-M. Gibaldi & D. Perrier

BPH 4205 Pharmaceutical Management (Credit 2.0)

1. Introduction to Management, Management theories. Management and

organization, social responsibility and ethics.

2. Management in the 21st century.

3. Planning- decision making, planning and implementation.

4. Organizing-design, structure, power & politics.

5. Staffing-selection, appraisal and managing change.

6. Leading-motivation, leadership and communication.

7. Controlling.

Recommended Books

1. Heinz Weihrich, Harold Koontz, Management a Global Perspective, 11th edition,

McGraw Hill, India, 2005.

2. Stoner, Freeman, Gilbert, Jr., Management, 6th edition, Prentice-Hall of India, India,

2005.

BPH 4206 Cosmetology Practical (Credit 1.0)

Laboratory scale preparation of cold cream, vanishing cream, transparent shampoo, egg

shampoo, hand and body lotion, shaving cream tooth paste, tooth powder, after-shave lotion

etc.

Quality control of the cosmetic preparations. Determination of pH. Checking the

viscosity and related rheological properties, stability and microbiological aspects.

BPH 4207 Pharmaceutical Technology III Practical (Credits 1.0)

Preparation, problems encountered during preparation, physical evaluation of different

dosages forms:

a) Parenteral products

b) Ophthalmic products

c) Sustained release products

BPH 4208 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis II Practical (Credit 1.0)

51

Determination of potency of different drugs by spectrophotometry

Flurometric determination of vitamin B1 and B2

Assay of different drugs by conductometric, potentiometric, amperometric and

electrogravimetric analysis.

Separation of compounds by different chromatographic techniques.

BPH 4209 ORAL ASSESSMENT IV (Credit 1.0)

BPH 4210 Professional Training (Credit 3.0)

(In Industrial and Hospital Pharmacy)

At the end of the fourth academic year, the students for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy

(Hons.) have to undergo training program(s0 for a duration of six weeks. After the completion of

the training program(s), students have to submit individualized reports on their activities etc to the

department. Such report will be examined by the department.

== END ==