PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS (Oil Treatment) · PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS (Oil...
Transcript of PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS (Oil Treatment) · PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS (Oil...
PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS
(Oil Treatment)
MASSEU BEATRIZ
MEP IST,2014
AGENDA • Oil Production
• Primary Process of Hidrocarbons
• Fluid Separation
• Equipments
• Separation System
• Major Operational Problems in the Separator
• Oil Treatment
• Methods of destabilization of emulsion oil
• Termo-electric treater
• Storage Tank
• Conclusion
• BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE
•
Oil Production
• RESERVOIR: In the oil reservoir is normally
found with gas, water and other organic
compounds. These substances, including oil
reservoir are in their densities To Comply.
• PRODUCTION: Process of extracting the
hydrocarbons in controlled manner from the
reservoir through well and convey it to
processing or storage plant via pipelines.
Primary Processing of Hydrocarbons
Primary processing of a plant can be simple or complex;
Perform only the simplest separating gas / oil / water / while more complex
include gas conditioning and compressing, processing and stabilization of oil and water treatment for reinjection or disposal.
Fluids Separation
Separation of the fluids is responsible for the separation of oil from water and
gas in a separator vessel, and these can be :
Three-phase or biphasic
• horizontal
• Vertical
Separator / Advantages and
Disadvantages
VERTICAl
ADVANTAGES
Smaller area for installation
Facilitates the removal of sand
DISADVANTAGES Difficulty of
cleaning the top
HORIZONTAL
ADVANTAGES
More efficient separation of gas and liquid
Requires greater area
DISADVANTAGES
Difficult the removal of sand
OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS IN THE
SEPARATOR
• foaming
• sand production
• paraffins
• drag of oil by gas
Oil Treatment
The main goal of treatment is to reduce the oil content of emulsified water
present, adapting it to the conditions of shipment to refineries.
Note: To understand this process we need to know what is an emulsion.
Emulsions are two immiscible liquids
mixture formed a disperse phase and a
continuous stable film separated by a
physical barrier, consisting of emulsifiers.
Methods of Destabilization of Emulsion oil
Different methods of destabilizing the oil emulsions
of the type W / O are .Employed to promote the
breaking of the emulsions in the field.
• Addition of demulsifiers
Thermo-electric Treater
The thermo-electric treaters combine the best principles
of thermal treatment
(heating to reduce viscosity)
with the chemical treatment
(injection solution is to
destabilize emulsions) and
electric (forced
coalescence)
Storage Tanks
The storage tank production is a cylindrical
vessel having two utilities vital, that is,
accurately measuring the production of oil,
and safely store volatile, flammable oil.
Conclusion
After a primary separation of currents produced fluids, the
individual treatment phases of gas, oil and water in order to achieve the necessary marketing of oil and gas specifications
and the environmental specifications for the disposal of water
occurs. For example:
The oil must not contain excessive amounts of water and
sediment (BS & W) and salts dissolved in water. Typical maximum values are 1% BS & W and 570 or 285 mg / L (or ppm - parts per
million) of salt in the oil, the first limit for intern consumption and
the second for export.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
BRASIL, N.I do, ARAÚJO, M.A.S., DE SOUSA, E.C.M. Processamento Primário de
Petróleo e Gás. Rio de Janeiro: LTC, 2011.
CHILINGARIN, G. V. ; Robertson Jr., J.O. & Kumar, S. Surface Operations in Petroleum Production. In Chiligarian, G.V. Developments in Petroleum Science 19 A. New York, ed Elsevier, 1987
JUSTINO, D. G. Principais Equipamentos de uma Unidade de Processamento Primário de Petróleo. Monografia. Faculdade de Capixaba de Nova Venécia, 2010.
JÚNIOR, G. Processamento Primário de Petróleo/Noções de Processo de Refino. Engenharia Química-UFS, [20-].
PAVIE, G. Introdução á Produção e Processamento de Hidrocarbonetos, 2005.
RIBEIRO, A. M. Medição de Petróleo e Gás Natural, 2ª ed., Salvador, 2003.
ROSA, A. J. CARVALHO, R. S., XAVIER, J. A. D. Engenharia de Reservatórios de
Petróleo. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 2006.
SIQUEIRA, N.B.R. Estudo sobre Processamento Primário de Petróleo. Monografia. Universidade Federal Rural do Sémi-Àrido (Angicos-RN), 2012.
THOMAS, J. E. Fundamentos de Engenharia de Petróleo. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro:
Interciência: Petrobras, 2004.