Piata Transporturilor de Pasageri Romania 2008-2014 - Prezentare Rezumativa
Prezentare Timisoara 2008
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The efficient conversion of biomass was
performed in more steps, such as: chemical pre-
treatment, followed by a lignocelluloses
biopolymers hydrolysis to reducing sugars
(enzymatically or chemically), by alcoholicfermentation of reducing sugars, by distillation
and purification of bioethanol [4, 8, 9, 12, 17, 19].
The lignocelluloses biomass hydrolysis to
glucose, could be ecologically and economically
performed by a complex enzymatic system, mainly
formed by three types of hydrolases:endoglucanases, exoglucanases, -glycosidase,which act together, cutting the glicosydic
bonds [10, 14]. It was find out that the mixtures of
cellulases and amylases enhance the hydrolysis
efficiency. The productivity of hydrolysis is
influenced by several factors, but the mostimportant factors which are modelling the
hydrolysis process are as following: the pre-
treatment method, the substrate concentration,
the pre-treatment quality, the enzymes mixtures,
the temperature conditions, pH and the shaking
conditions [7, 15, 20].
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The goal of this research is the
testing of the efficiency of someenzymes and enzymatic mixtures,
used for the hydrolysis of three
lignocellulosic substrates, without
performing chemical pre-treatment.
AIM OF THE INVESTIGATIONS
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Three lignocelluloses substrates, have been
used such as:Miscanthus, maize stalk and wheatbran, which were ground (0,5 1 mm sieve
diameter), as standard routine for enzymatic
hydrolysis. The first step which has beenperformed was the laboratory analysis
concerning the % moisture content of the
substrates (The Practical Reference Method, SR
ISO 712/1999) [2].
After that, the lignocelluloses substrates
were hydrolysed using some commercial enzymepreparations: MethaPlus (-glucanase, xylanase,cellulase), Veron 191 (xylanase) and Hep C
(cellulase).
We also performed the hydrolysis of bran by
using enzymatic mixtures, which contained
Veron 393 (hemicellulase), Veron MX (xylanase)and amylases, namely: Veron M4 and BG -malt,because we will always find flour traces in wheat
bran (residual starch). The flour traces will
substantial enhances the reducing sugars
concentration, therefore the efficiency of
bioethanols production [3].
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
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We used the enzymes
concentrations showed in their
technical specifications. Enzymatic
hydrolysis was performed at 550 C,during 20 h period, at pH=5,5, on a
rotary shaker at 200 rpm.
We performed all the experiments
in triplicate and presented them as
mean value. It was also prepared acontrol sample (without enzyme),
for each trial.
The efficiency of hydrolysis was
estimated by quantifying the
amount of reducing sugars. Thereducing sugars were determinated
as glucose, by reading the
absorption at 640 nm, using 3,5-
dinitrosalicilic (Peterson and
Porath modified method) [6, 18].
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Figure 1 emphasizes the differences between substrates, concerning the
efficiency of enzimatical hydrolysis, by using different enzymes.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Control MethaPlus Veron 191 Hep C
R
educingsugars%
Miscanthus
Maize stalk
Wheat bran
Figure 1. Increase of reducing sugars concentrationsafter enzymatic hydrolysis
The increasing of reducing sugars concentration, by enzimatical hydrolysis
using MethaPlus, in comparison to control, was as follows: 110.80 % to
Miscanthus, de 126.15 % to maize stalk and 118.76 % to wheat bran.
The increase of reducing sugars concentration, by enzimatical hydrolysis
using Veron 191, in comparison to control, was as follows: 99.30 % toMiscanthus, de 112.07 % to maize stalk and 79.20 % to wheat bran.
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All the enzymatic mixtures used for hydrolysis, enhanced its efficiency
(figure 2). Conclusively, reducing sugars concentration raised with
56.03 % by using Veron M4, with 49.27 % by using Veron 393, with
69.84 % by using BG -malt and with 53.57 % by using Veron MX, incomparison to the values obtained by using only MethaPlus (15,311%).
8.502
15.311
23.891
26.005
23.51422.856
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Control
MethaPlus
MethaPlus+
amilaseVeron
M4
MethaPlus+
hemicelullase
Veron393
MethaPlus+
amilaseBG
alpha-malt
MethaPlus+
xylanase
VeronMX
Reducingsugars%
Figure 2. Increase of the reducing sugars concentrations after
hydrolysis with enzymatic mixtures
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In comparison to the control, the efficiency of hydrolysis was: 181.004
% for MethaPlus-Veron M4 mixture, 168.83 % for MethaPlus-Veron 393
mixture, 205.86 % for MethaPlus-BG -malt mixture and 176.57 % forMethaPlus-Veron MX mixture. It is easy to observe that the enzymatic
mixture which contains BG -malt was the most efficient, theproductivity of hydrolysis being superior to all others variants.
CONCLUSIONSThe results of the enzymatic hydrolysis of all
substrates emphasize the increase of reducing sugars
content, especially to the maize stalk, no matter the
enzyme used. These phenomena dues to the large content
of soluble sugars from maize stalk. The increase ofreducing sugars content for Miscanthus and wheat bran
is moderate.
MethaPlus was more active than Veron 191 and Hep C,
due to the fact that this product was already a commercial
enzymatic mixture.
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