Prey species composition of Burmese python diet · Prey species composition of Burmese python diet...
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Prey species composition of Burmese python diet
Christina Romagosa, Paul Andreadis, Ian Bartoszek, Michelle Collier, Carla Dove, Bryan Falk, Jill Josimovich, Diego Juárez-Sánchez, Kenney Krysko, Frank Mazzotti, James Nifong, Robert Reed, Michael Rochford, Brian Smith, Skip Snow, Eric Suarez, Dustin Welbourne, Laurie Wilkins, countless python capturers
UF/IFAS, UF FLMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Conservancy of Southwest Florida, Everglades National Park, USGS
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Python diet samples: the numbers (2003 – 2018)
•Pythons captured opportunistically or on road/levee surveys
•Diet contents (stomach/gut) from ~1500 pythons
• Identified ~2000 prey items•Avg # of prey items per snake = 1.30 •F = 529, M = 725, Unknown = 283
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0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
0.45 - 0.99 M 1.0 - 2.0F 1.0 - 2.5
M 2.1 - 2.9F 2.6 - 2.9
3.0 - 3.9 4.0+
Pythons per size class (SVL m)Pr
opor
tion
Breeding adults
n = 181
n = 839
n = 394
n = 81 n = 23
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Python diet composition
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Birds At least 43 speciesPied-billed GrebeWood DuckGreen-winged TealBlue-winged TealNorthern PintailNorthern ShovelerDomestic GooseDomestic ChickenLimpkinAmerican CootCommon GallinulePurple Gallinule
Sora RailKing RailVirginia RailClapper RailGreat EgretGreat Blue HeronGreen HeronLittle Blue HeronSnowy EgretBlack-crowned Night HeronLeast BitternAmerican Bittern
White IbisRoseate SpoonbillWood StorkWilson's SnipeWhimbrelDouble-crested CormorantAnhingaFrigatebirdBlack VultureMourning DoveNorthern CardinalBobolink
Red-winged BlackbirdBoat-tailed GrackleMeadowlarkHouse WrenRuby-crowned KingletCommon YellowthroatRed-whiskered Bulbul
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MammalsDomestic GoatWhite-tailed DeerFeral HogGray FoxFeral catBobcatRiver OtterRaccoonArmadillo
OpossumShort-tailed ShrewLeast ShrewEastern CottontailMarsh RabbitRound-tailed MuskratKey Largo WoodratMarsh Rice Rat
Cotton MouseHispid Cotton RatHouse MouseBlack RatFox SquirrelGray Squirrel
At least 23 species
ReptilesAlligatorGreen Iguana
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0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
0.45 - 0.99 M 1.0 - 2.0F 1.0 - 2.5
M 2.1 - 2.9F 2.6 - 2.9
3.0 - 3.9 4.0+
Alligator
Bird
SmallmammalMidsizemammalDeer
n = 181 n = 839 n = 394 n = 81 n = 23
Diet by python size class
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SW Florida (115 pythons)
Northern EVER (293 pythons)
Southern EVER (234 pythons)
Eastern EVER(179 pythons)
Locations
MammalBirdReptile
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Northern EVER
SWFL
Southern EVER
Aquatic Birds
Wading/Marsh Birds
Other Bird
Unkn Bird
Unkn Mammal
Deer
Mesomammal
Rabbit
Rodent
Alligator
Eastern EVER
Aquatic Birds
Wading/Marsh Birds
Other Bird
Unkn Bird
Other Mammal
Unkn Mammal
Deer
Mesomammal
Rabbit
Rodent
Alligator
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Northern EVER
SWFL
Southern EVER
Aquatic Birds
Wading/Marsh Birds
Other Bird
Unkn Bird
Unkn Mammal
Deer
Mesomammal
Rabbit
Rodent
Alligator
Aquatic Birds
Wading/Marsh Birds
Other Bird
Unkn Bird
Other Mammal
Unkn Mammal
Deer
Mesomammal
Rabbit
Rodent
Alligator
Eastern EVER
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Lower Everglades
Southwest Florida
Has diet changed over time?
• In some areas data don’t go back far enough
• Inconsistent sampling•Not enough representative
samples
1985
20182003
2009
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Diet samples per time period and location
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
SWFL Northern EVER Eastern EVER Southern EVER
2003-20062007-20102011-20142015-2018
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2004-2008 2013-2017 2004-2008 2013-2017
NorthernEVER SouthernEVER
Bird
Mammal
Reptile
Proportion of diet for pythons between SVL 2 – 4 m3
30
52
9
9
11
10
3
15
13
3
27
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Has diet changed over time?
•MUST look at trends by location
•Needs:– Targeted sampling
–Specific locations–Size classes–Seasonal
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?
Ecosystem level effects
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?
Ecosystem level effects
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?
Ecosystem level effects
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?
Indirect effects ( — , +)
Ecosystem level effects
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?
Indirect effects ( — , +)
Ecosystem level effects
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?
??
Indirect effects ( — , +)
Ecosystem level effects
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AcknowledgementsUSGS – Fort Collins Science Center and Everglades National Park
Everyone who has ever caught a python and brought it in
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Identification of Divergent Nidoviruses in Free-Ranging
Invasive PythonsSteven Tillis, Melissa Miller, Jillian Josimovich, Natalie Claunch,
Ian Bartoszek, John Humphrey, Bryan Kluever, Robert Reed, Christina Romagosa, Jim Wellehan, Robert Ossiboff
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What is Nidovirus?• Large viral group causing respiratory illness in many
animals• Causative agent of respiratory infection in captive
reptiles with large diversity of virus species found in pythons and boas
• Species of virus seen in wild population of shingleback skinks and Bellinger River snapping turtle
• Host range of each virus species still being investigated
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How the Project Was Started
• USDA Gainesville Field Station BPNV outbreak (seen in captive snake colonies) in their Burmese pythons
• Did they have the virus when caught or was there exposure along the python-chain?
• Expanded testing to recently captured pythons from USGS, FWC, and Conservancy of Southwest Florida
• Didn’t find any pythons with ball python nidovirus• Many were positive for divergent nidovirus most closely
matching a Burmese python nidovirus found in a zoo
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How Samples are Taken and Run
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Initial Results
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Virus Diversity
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Burmese Python Nido Pos:Ball Python Nido Neg:
Ball Python Nido Pos:
Burmese Python Nido Neg:
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Next Steps of the Project
• Screening native snake species• Getting larger viral genetic sequences to map out
virus diversity and distribution• Growing the virus in culture for In-vitro
experimentation
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Acknowledgements & QuestionsDepartment of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine at UF College of Veterinary Medicine & Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation at University of Florida, FWC, USGS, USDA APHIS, Conservancy of Southwest Florida, Colorado State University
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Identifying prey