PREVIEW OF

EMT/EMR NEUROLOGYPOWERPOINT TRAINING

PRESENTATION

BRAIN

SPINAL CORD

CAUSES OF ALTERED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS

A-AlcoholE-Epilepsy with seizure activityI-InfectionO-OverdoseU-Uremia (Kidney failure)-UnderdoseT-TraumaI-Insulin-related (Diabetes)-InfectionP-Psychosis-PoisoningS-Stroke

SEIZURE INCIDENCE

4th most common neurological disorderEstimated 48 per 100,000 people or 150,000 in

the USIncidence is higher in young children & older

adults1 in 26 people develop epilepsy in their lifetime

PARTIAL SEIZURE(FOCAL or LOCALIZED)

Affect one hemisphere of the brainSymptoms may include

Frontal lobe-a wave-like sensation in the head

Temporal lobe-a feeling of déjà vuParietal lobe-a numbness or tinglingOccipital lobe- visual disturbance or

hallucination

ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

Spasms, muscle contractionsBiting tongue, increased secretionsSweatingCyanosisUnconscious gradually increasing level of consciousnessShaking or tremors and no loss of consciousnessIncontinentAmnesia of event

MANAGEMENT

Safety of patient/positionABCs, consider nasopharyngeal airwayOral airway probably will not workOxygen/suctionAssist ventilation if indicatedEmotional support

NO NOT

Restrain patientAttempt to put anything in the mouth

DOCCUMENATION OF HEADACHE

Description of painTime of onsetAssociated symptomsPast history of headacheFrequency & changes

STROKE(CVA)

Failure of the blood flow in the brain either by a clot or hemorrhage of a vein or artery in

the brainCommon in geriatric patients but can be seen in

patients of all ages

STROKE TYPES

Ischemic stroke (85%) Thrombolic (90%)Embolic (10%)

Caused by an interruption of the blood flow either by a blockage of blood flow or hypoperfusion

STROKE ALERT CRITERIA

Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke ScaleOther stroke scales

National Institute of HealthFASTLos Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen

CINCINNATTI PREHOSPITALSTROKE SCALE

Is a system used to diagnose the presence of a stroke in a patient

It tests three signs for abnormal findings which may indicate that the patient is having a stroke

If any one of the three tests shows abnormal findings, the patient may be having a stroke and should be transported to a hospital as soon as possible

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK

Signs & SymptomsS & S similar to actual stroke

Often resolved before EMS arrival Most times symptoms resolve in > 24

hours Patient has potential for actual stroke

COMMUNICATIONS

Receiving facility should be notified of potential stroke patients to allow for rapid definitive evaluation of type of stroke and treatment

TRANSPORT

Rapid transport to appropriate facilityMany facilities are accredited by the American

Stroke Association ALS Intercept

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