Prevention of Mould Growth in Buildings
Transcript of Prevention of Mould Growth in Buildings
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PREVENTION OF MOULD GROWTH IN BUILDINGSBy : YM Raja Ismail bin Uda
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1. Air Conditioning Definition From ASHRAE
2. Definition of Thermal Comfort
3. Definition of Mould
4. Factors Contributing To Mould Growth
5. Problems Of Moisture Intrusion
6. Architectural Considerations
7. Mechanical Considerations
8. Structural Considerations
9. Building Operation and Maintenance Stage
10.Corrective Plans and Corrective Measures
11.Conclusions
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AIRCONDITIONING DEFINITION - ( ASHRAE )
The purpose of a heating, ventilation and Airconditioning (HVAC) system are to help maintain good indoor air quality through adequate ventilation with filtration and provide thermal comfort :-
To maintain a suitable degree of humidity – RH To supply a constant and adequate supply of
ventilation – Fresh air & air movement To efficiently remove the air from all micro-
organisms, dust and other foreign bodies – IAQ / CO2
To efficiently cold the air of the rooms – Room temperature
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DEFINITION OF THERMAL COMFORT – ( ASHRAE )
As the state of mind in humans that express satisfaction with surrounding environmental (ASHRAE STANDARD 55)
◦ The thermal comfort is maintained when the heat generated by human metabolism is allowed to dissipate, thus maintaining thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. It has been long recognized that the sensation of feeling hot or cold is not just dependent on air temperature alone.
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THERMAL COMFORT VARIABLE
Room dry bulb temperature – T Relative humidity – RH Fresh air ventilation – FAV Air movement – V Air change – AC Supply air volume – SAV Total cooling capacity – TCC Indoor Air quality – CO2 Noise level - NL
RH
T
AC
V
TCC
SAV
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TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY RANGES FOR COMFORT
CONDITIONS RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
ACCEPTABLE OPERATING TEMPERATURE ( ° C )
SUMMER ( Light Clothing )
If 30%, thenIf 60%, then
24.5 - 2823 - 25.5
WINTER ( Warm Clothing )
If 30%, thenIf 60%, then
20.5 – 25.5 20- 24
SOURCE: ASHRAE 55 -2010
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JKR SPECIFICATION AND GUIDELINE
SOURCE : MS 1525:2009
a. Recommended design dry bulb temperature 23°C – 26°C
b. Minimum dry bulb temperature 22°C
c. Recommended design relative humidity 55% - 70%
d. Recommended air movement 0.15 m/s – 0.5 m/s
e. Maximum air movement 0.7 m/s
f. Recommended outdoor design condition- Dry bulb- Wet bulb
33.3°C27.2°C
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RECOMMENDED COMFORT VARIABLES AND PREVENTION OD MOULD GROWTH
1. Room temp. 24
2. Relative humidity 60% - 70%
3. Fresh Air Ventilation 15-20 cfm/person
4. Air movement 0.5 m/s
5. Air change 6-10 Ac/hr
6. Indoor Air Quality – CO2 < 1000 ppm
7. Supply air volume - SAV 1.10% of design SAV
8. Total Cooling Capacity - TCC 1.10% of design TCC
9. Noise level - NL Below acceptable Level
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DEFINITION OF MOULD
There are thousands of known species of moulds, which include opportunistic pathogens, exclusive saprotrophs, aquatic species and thermophiles. Like all fungi, moulds derive energy not through photosynthesis but from the organic matter on which they live. Typically, moulds secrete hydrolytic enzymes from predominantly hyphal tips. These enzymes degrade complex biopolymers such as starch, cellulose and lignin into simpler substances which can enter the hyphae. In this way, moulds play a major role in causing decomposition of organic material, enabling the recycling of nutrients throughout ecosystems. Many moulds also secrete mycotoxins which, together with hydrolytic enzymes, inhibit the growth of competing micro-organisms.
– Source Guidelines On The Prevention Of Mould Growth In Buildings JKR Malaysia 2009
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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MOULD GROWTH
MOULDS
RELATIVE HUMIDITY ABOVE 70%
SPORES OXYGEN
TEMPERATURE ( 5 TO 50° C )NUTRIENT
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PROBLEMS OF MOISTURE INTRUSION Examples and Pictures)
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Design Or Construction FlawsSelection of wrong materials for a building component, installation of damaged materials, improper sizing of the air-conditioning & ventilation system and other design flaws can lead to a wide range of conditions that can contribute to mould growth.
Building Component Or System FailureA window or wall structure, or other component may be defective or improperly installed, allowing moisture to intrude.
Operational FailureBuilding equipment may not be operated in accordance with the design parameters, resulting in leaks, condensation or flooding and home mould growth.
Building ChangeSpace may be reconfigured; major equipment may be replaced; tenants may add specialized equipment. Any of these changes can compromise the ability of the building to shed moisture. Therefore, it is critical to establish procedures that prevent moisture intrusion and mould manifestation.
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ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
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ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
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24 HRS ROOM & NON-AIRCOND AREA
ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
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CONDENSATION ON SLAB
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MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS (Examples and Pictures)
Design StageConstruction StageTesting, Balancing & Commissioning Stage
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DESIGN STAGE
Insulation
Pre-Insulation Pipe
Internal Duct Insulation
Drain/Condensate Piep Insulation
Heat Load
Exhaust Duct
Location Supply Diffuser
Pipe Routing
Accesibility
System Selection
Building Operation Load
Adequate airchange
Location Fresh Air Intake
Prevent oversize proposed by contractor
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Construction Stage
Equipment Selection
Proper Duct Installation
Approved Sealant
Drain pan gradient
Control Valve
Collar Joint
Excessive Infiltration
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Testing & Balancing
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SELECTION MATERIAL
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CONSTRUCTION (MECH)
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STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Design
• Quality of structural member
• Corrosion prevention
• Flat roofConstructi
on
• Water tight floor
• Sanitary fitting installation
• Application of Damp proof course & membrane
• Water proofing materials
• Dry structural element
• Avoid water leakage
• Site cleaning
STRUCTURAL
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BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE STAGE
(Examples and Pictures)
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OPERATION
REPAIR WORKS BY COMPETENT PERSON
HVAC MONITORINGCONTR
OL SYSTEM
VENTILATION
VENT FOR MOISTURE SORCEEliminatPeriodic
Maintenancee The Spores
Access For
Maintenance
Removal of
Unwanted Materials
Room Temperature
MechanicRoutine
Assessmental Maintenance
Works
Mould Growth Monitori
ng
Attend To Moisture
ImmediatWindows & Doorsely
Water Seepa
ge
RENOVATION
WORKS
OUTSIDE AIR
INFILTRATION
QUALITY OF CHILLED /
CONDENSER WATER
CLEAN/REPLACE
AIR FILTER
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CORRECTIVE PLANS AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES
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CONCLUSIONS
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THANK YOU…
wsws