Prevention & control of infectiousdiseases
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Transcript of Prevention & control of infectiousdiseases
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PREVENTION & CONTROL OF INFECTIOUSDISEASES
Dr M A BasharSenior Resident
Department of Community MedicinePGIMER, Chandigarh
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE
An illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted from man to man, animal to animal or from the environment (air, dust, soil, water, food) to man or animal.
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
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DYNAMICS OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION
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MODES OF TRANSMISSION
A. DIRECT TRANSMISSION B. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
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MODES OF TRANSMISSION• DIRECT TRANSMISSION– Direct Contact• Skin to Skin.• Mucosa to Mucosa.• Mucosa to Skin.
Of the same person or different Person.
Eg-STD, AIDS, leprosy, skin and eye infections.
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DIRECT TRANSMISION • DIRECT TRANSMISSION– Direct Contact– Droplet Infection
Direct Projection of a spray of droplets of saliva and naso-pharyngeal secretions during coughing, sneezing or speakingto the surrounding atmosphere.Eg: Respiratory infections, diphtheria, whooping cough, TB, Meningococcal meningitis.
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Droplet Sprayed into the Air from a Sneeze
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DIRECT TRANSMISION• DIRECT TRANSMISSION– Direct Contact– Droplet Infection– Contact with Soil
Eg: Hookworm larva, Tetanus.
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DIRECT TRANSMISSION• DIRECT TRANSMISSION– Direct Contact– Droplet Infection– Contact with Soil– Inoculation into skin or mucosa Eg: Rabies, infected needles.
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INDIREC TRANSMISSION
INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
Traditionally 5F’s
FliesFingerFomiteFoodFluids
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INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
INDIRECT TRANSMISSION– Vehicle-borne
Water (MC)Food IceBlood, Serum, PlasmaTissues and organs
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INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
– Vehicle-borne.– Vector-borne
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INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
– Vehicle-borne.– Vector-borne.– Air-borne
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INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
– Vehicle-borne.– Vector-borne.– Air-borne.– Fomite-borne.
Inanimate article or substances other than water or food contaminated by infectious agents
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INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
– Vehicle-borne.– Vector-borne.– Air-borne.– Fomite-borne.– Unclean hand and finger.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE PREVALENT IN INDIA
Respiratory infections:• Chicken pox.• Measles.• Mumps.• Rubella.• Influenza• Diphtheria.• Meningitis.• Whooping Cough.• ARI.• TB.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE PREVALENT IN INDIA
Intestinal Infections:• Poliomyelitis.• Viral hepatitis.• Acute diarrhoeal disease.• Typhoid fever.• Cholera.• Food poisoning.• Amoebiasis.• Taeniasis.• Ascarasis.• Hookworm infestation.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE PREVALENT IN INDIA
Arthropod-borne Diseases• Malaria• Dengue.• Filariasis.
Zoonosis:Viral
– Rabies.– JE.– Avian flu.
Bacterial– Leptospirosis.– Brucellosis.– Human salmonellosis.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE PREVALENT IN INDIA
Surface Infections:• Trachoma• Tetanus• Leprosy• AIDS• STD
Hospital Acquired Infections.
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Disease Prevention And Control
Decrease your risk of infectious diseases by understanding how they spread and how you can protect yourself.
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Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often:
This is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet.
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Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.• Get vaccinated.
Immunization can drastically reduce the chances of contracting many diseases.
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• Only take antibiotics when necessary.• If they're prescribed, take them exactly as
directed — don't stop taking them early because your symptoms have gone away.
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Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.• Get vaccinated.• Use antibiotics sensibly. • Stay at home if you have signs and symptoms
of an infection. • Be smart about food preparation.
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Disease Prevention And Control
• Wash your hands often.• Get vaccinated.• Use antibiotics sensibly. • Stay at home if you have signs and symptoms
of an infection.
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Disease Prevention And Control
• Don't share personal itemsUse your own – Toothbrush– Comb – Razor blade. – Avoid sharing drinking glasses or dining utensils.
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Disease Prevention And Control
• Don't share personal items. • Travel wisely. • Keep your pets healthy.
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ROLE OF DOCTORS IN PREVENTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Controlling the reservoira. Early Diagnosis
Precise treatment Epidemiological Investigation- study time place & person distribution
of the disease and For institution of prevention and control measures.
b. Notification c. Isolation d. Quarantine
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ROLE OF DOCTORS IN PREVENTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
b) Interruption of transmission“Breaking the chain of Transmission”
c) Susceptible Hosta. Active immunization.b. Passive Immunizationc. Combined Active and passive immunization.
d) Non-specific measures Better housing, water-supply, sanitation. nutrition and
education. Legislative measures- to formulate and effective
implementation of measures.
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THANK YOU