Cancer Prevention & Early Detection University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee November 15, 2011.
PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER
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Transcript of PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER
PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER
DR.JOYDEEP DAS.M.D.
DR.B.BOROOAH CANECR INSTITUTE
GOPINATH NAGAR, GUWAHATI
INTRODUCTION
CANCER IS PREVENTABLE 80 – 90% CANCER ARE DUE TO OUR HABITS
AND ACTIVITIES CANCER INVOLVES ALMOST EVERY PARTS
OF THE BODY CANCER CELLS MULTIPLY IN AN
UNCONTROLLABLE & HAPAZARD MANNER
SCENARIO CANCER IS THE CAUSE OF 12% OF
ALL DEATHS IN INDIA 1.5 – 2 MILLION ESTIMATED
CANCER CASES AT ANY POINT OF TIME
EVERY YEAR 8 LAKHS NEW CASES ARE DETECTED IN INDIA
EVERY YEAR 5.5 LAKHS CANCER PATIENTS DIE IN OUR COUNTRY
FACTS ABOUT CANCER 70 – 80 % CANCER CASES ARE
DETECTED AT LATE STAGE WHEN TREATMENT IS NOT POSSIBLE
EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER HELPS IN COMPLETE CURE OF SOME CANCER
PREVENTION BY TAKING SOME PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IS THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT CANCER
CAUSES - TOBACCO CIGARETTE SMOKING IS A MAJOR
CAUSE OF CANCER SMOKING MAY BE – ACTIVE OR
PASSIVE – BOTH ARE HARMFUL CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO IN FORM
OF KHAINI, ZARDA AND GHUTKA ALSO CAUSES CANCER
TOBACCO NOT ONLY CAUSES CANCER BUT ALSO OTHER DISEASES
CAUSES – BETELNUT
BETELNUT CONTAINS CARCINOGENS THE NUTS KEPT BURRIED IN THE
GROUND FOR LOND PERIOD LEADS TO THE GROWTH OF FUNGUS WHICH IS CARCINOGENIC
PEOPLE CONSUMING BETELNUT ALSO HAVE THE HABIT OF CONSUMING TOBACCO
CAUSES - ALCOHOL
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION LEADS TO CANCER OF ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, LARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, LIVER
PEOPLE WHO DRINK ALSO SMOKES FURTHER INCREASING THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CANCER
CAUSES – FAT/FIBRE
HIGH INTAKE OF FAT (ANIMAL) INCREASES THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CANCER (BREAST AND COLON)
DIETARY FIBRE OF PLANT ORIGIN HAS A PROTECTIVE ROLE AGAINST CANCER
CAUSES – BARBEQUED FOOD
HIGH FAT AND HIGH PROTEIN FOOD WHEN GRILLED AT HIGH TEMPARATURE PRODUCES A CHEMICAL KNOWN TO BE HAVING CARCINOGENIC EFFECT
HIGHLY BROWN AND CHARRED FOOD HAS CANCER CAUSING COMPOUNDS
CAUSES - POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION – MAY ALSO CAUSE CANCER (ASBESTOS)
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS ARE EXPOSED TO VARIOUS CHEMICALS WHICH ARE KNOWN TO BE CARCINOGEN
CAUSES – WATER POLLUTION
WATER MAY CONTAIN A NUMBER OF CANCER CAUSING SUBSTANCE AS THE INDUSTRIES DUMP CHEMICAL DIRECTLY INTO WATER OR BURRY THEM IN THE GROUND
CAUSES – X-RAY
X-RAYS MAY STIMULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER
REPEATED X-RAYS SHOULD BE AVOIDED
X-RAY DONE ON PREGNANT WOMEN MAY INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF CHILDHOOD CANCER
CAUSES - VIRUS
CERTAIN VIRUSES MAY CAUSE CANCER THESE VIRUSES ARE – HEPATITIS –B & C,
EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS, HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS, CMV. Etc.
THESE VIRUSES CAN BE TRANSMITTED BY BLOOD TRANSFUSION, USE OF CONTAMINATED NEEDLES, FROM MOTHER TO CHILD DURING PREGNANCY OR BREAST FEEDING AND THROUGH SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
CAUSES - HERIDITY
FEW CANCER LIKE RETINOBLASTOMA (EYE), COLON CANCER ARISING FROM GENETICALLY CAUSED POLYPS
EVEN BREAST CANCER AND ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER
CANCER DEVELOPS IN THE BODY VERY SILENTLY
UNTIL IT COMES TO CERTAIN STAGE PATIENTS LEAD A NORMAL LIFE WITHOUT ANY COMPLAINTS
INITIALLY IT PRODUCES MILD SMPTOMS AS FOUND IN OTHER AILMENTS
WHY EARLY DETECTION IS IMPORTANT ?
DISEASE DETECTED AT EARLY STAGE PRODUCES BETTER RESULTS ON TREATMENT AND EVEN CURE
ADVANCED DISEASE SHOWS POOR RESULT ON TREATMENT
ADVANCED DISEASE LEADS TO FINANCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BURDEN
HOW TO DETECT DISEASE EARLY
SEVEN DANGER SIGNALS CHANGE IN BLADDER & BOWEL HABITS SORE THROAT NOT HEALING UNUSUAL BLEEDING OR DISCHARGE THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREAST OR
ANYWHERE INDIGESTION AND DIFFICULTY IN
SWALLOWING OBVIOUS CHANGE IN WAT OR MOLE NAGGING COGH OR HOARSENESS OF VOICE
LARYNGEAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
PERSISTENT HOARSENESS SORENESS IN RHE NECK FELLING OF HAVING A LUMP IN THE
THROAT DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOEINGRISK FACTORS – TOBACCO CONSUMPTION
AND ALCOHOL INTAKE
ORAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
PERSISTENT WHITE OR RED PATCHES, USUALLY PAINLESS
ANY PERSISTENT LUMP OR SWELLING
RISK FACTORS – TOBACCO CONSUMPTION AND ALCOHOL INTAKE
LUNG CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
CHRONIC COUGH COUGHING OUT OF BLOOD CHANGE IN THE VOICE CHEST PAIN SHORTNESS OF BREATHRISK FACTORS – SMOKING, EXPOSURE TO
ASBESTOS, COAL TAR DERIVATIVES AND
RADIATION
BREAST CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
FIRM LUMP SMALL CHANGES IN THE NIPPLE DISCHARGE FROM THE NIPPLERISK FACTORS – EARLY MENSTRUATION
LATE MENOPAUSE FIRST CHILD AFTER 35 YRS OF AGE CHILDLESSNESS FAMILY HISTORY - BREAST
CANCER HIGH FAT & LOW FIBRE DIET
CERVICAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
ABNORMAL BLEEDING BETWEEN PERIODS
BLEEDING AFTER INTERCOURSE PROLONGED HEAVY BLEEDING
DURING MENSTRUATIONRISK FACTORS - FREQUENT SEXUAL
INTERCOURSE AT AN EARLY AGE, MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS, MANY CHILDREN
COLORECTAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
BLOOD IN STOOL FEELING OF BEING BLOATED CHANGE IN BOWEL HABITS CONSTIPATION
COLORECTAL CANCER – RISK FACTORS
AGE OVER 40 FAMILY HISTORY H/O INFALMATORY BOWEL DISEASE FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS PAST H/O OF BREAST OR OTHER
REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN CANCER IN FEMALE
HIGH CONSUMPTION OF RED MEAT AND LOW FIBRE DIET
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING RECURRENT INDIGESTION
RISK FACTORS SMOKING ALCOHOL DEFICIENCY OF VITAMINS AND
MINERALS
MODALITIES OF TREATMENT
SURGERY
RADIOTHERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPY
TREATMENT - SURGERY OLDEST TREATMENT LOTS OF ADVANCEMENT HAVE
TAKEN PLACE OVER LAST FEW YEARS
SURGERY HAS ROLE IN PREVENTION OF CANCER – REMOVAL OF NON-VITAL ORGAN
DIAGNOSIS – ASPIRATION, BIOPSY, LAPAROTOMY
TREATMENT - RADIOTHERAPY
WIDELY USED TELETHERAPY – WHEN THE TUMOR
IS AT A DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE, THESE INCLUDE – COBALT-60 AND LINEAR ACCELERATOR
BRACHTHERAPY – SOURCE OF RADIATION IS CLOSE TO THE TUMOR OR WITHIN THE TUMOR
TREATMENT - CHEMOTHERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPY MEANS TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH DRUGS
CHEMOTHERAPY INTEREFERS WITH CELL DIVISION
USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH RADIATION OR SURGERY
NEWER TREATMENTS
IMMUNOTHERAPY
GENE THERAPY
THANK YOU