Preventing Salmonellosis Related llnessPreventing Salmonellosis Related llness

Gladys J. Garilus, MPH studentGladys J. Garilus, MPH studentWaldent UniversityWaldent University

PUBH-6165-2 PUBH-6165-2 Instructor: Dr. Patrick TschidaInstructor: Dr. Patrick Tschida

Fall Quarter, 2011Fall Quarter, 2011

OverviewOverview

My PowerPoint presentation is focused on My PowerPoint presentation is focused on salmonella outbreaks in the United States, salmonella outbreaks in the United States, especially the Minnesota outbreak. Minnesota especially the Minnesota outbreak. Minnesota Department of Health has investigated the Department of Health has investigated the cause of the Salmonella outbreak and had cause of the Salmonella outbreak and had found that multiple infections took places found that multiple infections took places because of the transportation of pets. Health because of the transportation of pets. Health care professionals, health organizations and care professionals, health organizations and policy makers work toward the goal of reducing policy makers work toward the goal of reducing the prevalence of food borne illness. the prevalence of food borne illness.

A) What is salmonellosis?A) What is salmonellosis?

Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases faced by the USA population. diseases faced by the USA population.

Salmonellosis causeSalmonellosis causesalmonella bacteria. salmonella bacteria.

The most common types of salmonellaThe most common types of salmonella salmonella serotype typhimurium salmonella serotype typhimurium salmonella serotype enteritidis. salmonella serotype enteritidis.

(CDC, 2011)(CDC, 2011)

CONTINUECONTINUE

Salmonella is a dangerous diseaseSalmonella is a dangerous disease

Annually, many people are infected and Annually, many people are infected and

killed with salmonellakilled with salmonella

(CDC,2005)

Salmonella BacteriaSalmonella Bacteria

B) Food that contains salmonella B) Food that contains salmonella bacteriabacteria

Food that can be contaminated by salmonella Food that can be contaminated by salmonella bacteria are:bacteria are:

Poultry Poultry BeefBeefPorkPorkMilk Milk Eggs Eggs Vegetable Vegetable

(Moeller, 2006)

C) Who is at risk to become infected? C) Who is at risk to become infected?

a) Individuals who do not wash their hands after a) Individuals who do not wash their hands after handling reptiles, baby chicks and ducklings, handling reptiles, baby chicks and ducklings, and small rodents. and small rodents.

b) Salmonellosis can be spread from a pet b) Salmonellosis can be spread from a pet ditributor to other retail pet stores.ditributor to other retail pet stores.

c) Salmonellosis can be transported from one c) Salmonellosis can be transported from one state to anothers. The Minnessota salmonella state to anothers. The Minnessota salmonella outbreak in 2004 is an example of multi-state outbreak in 2004 is an example of multi-state outbreak.outbreak.

d) People who have impaired immune systems. d) People who have impaired immune systems.

(Schneider, 2006)

D) Indirect exposuresD) Indirect exposures

Children can be exposed to salmonella:Children can be exposed to salmonella:

indirectly through rodents transported or indirectly through rodents transported or housed contaminated containers.housed contaminated containers.

through contact with rodent feces. through contact with rodent feces.

(CDC, 2005)

E) Symptoms of salmonellosis E) Symptoms of salmonellosis

Symptoms are:Symptoms are:Diarrhea Diarrhea Fever Fever Abdominal cramps Abdominal cramps Those symptoms develope 12 to 72 hours Those symptoms develope 12 to 72 hours

after infection (Food Poisoning Health Center, after infection (Food Poisoning Health Center, 2011)2011)

(Food Poisoning Health Center 2011)

F) Salmonella outbreak in F) Salmonella outbreak in MinnesotaMinnesota

In 2004, a salmonella outbreak occurred In 2004, a salmonella outbreak occurred in Minnesota. in Minnesota.

40% of the patients were hopitalized 40% of the patients were hopitalized

no deaths occurred.no deaths occurred.

(CDC, 2005)

G) The Minnesota salmonella G) The Minnesota salmonella outbreak is associated with pet outbreak is associated with pet

rodentsrodents

a boy in Minesota was found infected after a boy in Minesota was found infected after purchasing a mouse from retail storepurchasing a mouse from retail store

a boy in South Carolina was found infected a boy in South Carolina was found infected after purchasing hamster from retail storeafter purchasing hamster from retail store

(CDC, 2005)

H) The bacteria spread in multiple H) The bacteria spread in multiple statesstates

15 patients have diagnosed with salmonella 15 patients have diagnosed with salmonella serotype typhimurium from differents state serotype typhimurium from differents state such as: Ilinois, kentucky, Missouri, such as: Ilinois, kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Minnesota,Georgia, Michigan, New Jersey, and Minnesota,Georgia, Michigan, New Jersey, and North Carolina due to rodents exposures. North Carolina due to rodents exposures.

The majority of those pet stores of each state The majority of those pet stores of each state during investigation reported ill hamsters and during investigation reported ill hamsters and numerous deaths.numerous deaths.

(CDC, 2005)

I) How salmonella can be treated I) How salmonella can be treated and prevented?and prevented?

hands washing with soap and hot water hands washing with soap and hot water sanitazing pet stores and distributors, sanitazing pet stores and distributors,

animals transported containers and animals transported containers and cages.cages.

avoiding contact with rodents feces. avoiding contact with rodents feces. proper handling and cooking of food. proper handling and cooking of food.

(CDC,2005)

J) What can be done to prevent J) What can be done to prevent the wide spread of foodborne the wide spread of foodborne

illness?illness?

Health Organizations, health care Health Organizations, health care professionals, and health care providers professionals, and health care providers should:should:

inform the public how they can be infected.inform the public how they can be infected.educate the population on how to prevent educate the population on how to prevent

salmonella infection. salmonella infection.

(CDC, 2010)

K) TreatmentK) Treatment

oral fluids for rehydratationoral fluids for rehydratation

Antibiotics:Antibiotics: ampicillin, trimethoprim- ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ciprofloxacin, (sulfamethoxazole, or ciprofloxacin, (CDCCDC, , 2010)2010)

(CDC, 2010)

Reducing the spread of Salmonella Reducing the spread of Salmonella

Health Organizations, health care Health Organizations, health care professionals, and health care providers should professionals, and health care providers should inform the public how they can be infected by inform the public how they can be infected by salmonella bacteria in some foods and pet salmonella bacteria in some foods and pet stores. stores.

In summaryIn summary

Salmonella is illness transmitted by Salmonella is illness transmitted by contaminated food and petscontaminated food and pets

TreatmentTreatmentoral fluidoral fluidAntibioticsAntibioticsPrevention:Prevention: hands washinghands washing Be careful when contacting with pets such as Be careful when contacting with pets such as

mouse, reptile, and baby duck mouse, reptile, and baby duck Proper cookingProper cooking

References: References:

Center for Disease and Prevention Control (CDC) Center for Disease and Prevention Control (CDC) (2010). Salmonella Retrieved from (2010). Salmonella Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/diagnosis.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/diagnosis.htmll

Center for Disease and Prevention Control (CDC) Center for Disease and Prevention Control (CDC) (2005) Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant (2005) Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant SalmonellaSalmonella Typhimurium Associated with Rodents Purchased at Typhimurium Associated with Rodents Purchased at Retail Pet Stores-United States , December Retail Pet Stores-United States , December 2003October 2004, MMWR, 54(17);429-433. 2003October 2004, MMWR, 54(17);429-433. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwrhtml/mm5417a3.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwrhtml/mm5417a3.htm

ReferencesReferences

Food Poisoning Health Center (2011). Salmonelosis Food Poisoning Health Center (2011). Salmonelosis topic overview. Retrieved topic overview. Retrieved from:http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/foood-from:http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/foood-poisoning/tc/salmonellosis-topic-overviewpoisoning/tc/salmonellosis-topic-overview

Heinrichs, A.(2005). CDC Issues’ pet’ warnings. Heinrichs, A.(2005). CDC Issues’ pet’ warnings. Retrieved from: Retrieved from: http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_334http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_334623.html623.html

Joshi, M.(2008). Scientist turning Salmonella bacteria Joshi, M.(2008). Scientist turning Salmonella bacteria into cancer fighting robots. Retrieved from into cancer fighting robots. Retrieved from http://www.topnews.in/health/scientist-turning-http://www.topnews.in/health/scientist-turning-salmonella-bacteria-cancer-fighting-robots-21297salmonella-bacteria-cancer-fighting-robots-21297

References:References:

Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3rd Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3rd ed.). Boston: Harvard Universityed.). Boston: Harvard University

Schneider, M. J., (2006) Introduction to Public Schneider, M. J., (2006) Introduction to Public Health (2nd ed.)Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury, Health (2nd ed.)Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury, MassachusettsMassachusetts

For more informationFor more information

Bell,C. & Kyriakides, A. (2002). Bell,C. & Kyriakides, A. (2002). Salmonella:A practical approach to organism Salmonella:A practical approach to organism and its control in foods.and its control in foods. Blackwell Science Blackwell Science

WHO (1994). Control of Salmonella infections in animals and prevention of WHO (1994). Control of Salmonella infections in animals and prevention of human foodborne Salmonella infection. WHO Consultation. Vol. human foodborne Salmonella infection. WHO Consultation. Vol. 72(6):831-833. 72(6):831-833.

Human Salmonellosis Associated with Animal-Derived Pet Treats - United Human Salmonellosis Associated with Animal-Derived Pet Treats - United States and Canada, 2005, MMWR June 30, 2006/ Vol. 55/ No. 25/ Pages States and Canada, 2005, MMWR June 30, 2006/ Vol. 55/ No. 25/ Pages 702-705.702-705.

Three Outbreaks of Salmonellosis Associated with Baby Poultry from Three Three Outbreaks of Salmonellosis Associated with Baby Poultry from Three Hatcheries -- United States, 2006, MMWR March 30, 2007/ Vol. 56/ No. Hatcheries -- United States, 2006, MMWR March 30, 2007/ Vol. 56/ No. 12/ Pages 273-276.12/ Pages 273-276.

CDC(2011). Reptiles, Amphibians, and Salmonella. Retrieved from: CDC(2011). Reptiles, Amphibians, and Salmonella. Retrieved from: http:/www.cdc.gov/Features/SalmonellaFrogTurtlehttp:/www.cdc.gov/Features/SalmonellaFrogTurtle