Diagrammatic Iconicity in EkeGusii: A relation between the ...
Pressures toward phonological iconicity in the evolution ... · Pressures toward phonological...
Transcript of Pressures toward phonological iconicity in the evolution ... · Pressures toward phonological...
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Pressures toward phonological iconicity in the evolution of linguistic
signs
Julio Santiago1, Matt Jones2, Mónica Tamariz3, David Vinson2, Seán Roberts3, Nourane Clostre2, Jose Isidro Martínez1, Alex Lau-
Zhu2, & Gabriella Vigliocco2
1Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada2Dept. of Experimental Psychology, University College London
3Dept. of Psychology, Heriot Watt University
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Arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
The First Principle of Linguistics:
“The signal is arbitrary in relation to its signification, with which it has no natural connexion in reality.”
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Phonological iconicity is scarce
Cocoricó Kikirikí Cook-doodle-doo
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Gestural iconicity
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Iconicity facilitates the connection between signal and referent
Gestural iconicity
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Iconicity in language origins
Gesture-first theories of
language evolutione.g., Corballis (2009).
1) Phonological iconicity is very scarce
2) Gestural iconicity is strong
3) Iconicity helps connecting sign and referent
4) Iconicity is specially important at the beginnings of language
5) First languages were probably gestural
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Iconicity -> ● connection between sign and world
Alternative: Iconicity is a linguistic principle, on a par
with arbitrariness
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Alternative: Iconicity is a linguistic principle, on a par
with arbitrarinessIconicity ->
● connection between sign and world
Arbitrariness -> ● combinatoriality● fluent production● perceptual
discriminability
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Iconicity -> ● connection between sign and world
Arbitrariness -> ● combinatoriality● fluent production● perceptual
discriminabilityLanguage
Pressure toward iconicity
Pressure toward arbitrariness
Alternative: Iconicity is a linguistic principle, on a par
with arbitrariness
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Language evolution should balance iconicity and arbitrariness
STEAL
Frishberg (1975).
● Iconic signs tend to become more arbitrary
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Do arbitrary signs tend to become more iconic?
Jones et al. (submitted).
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Diffusion chains
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Shape iconicity
Mo
tion
icon
icity
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CI
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
KA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
LE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
...
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Learningphase
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Learningphase
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Recallphase
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Recallphase
nozu
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Learningphase
nozu
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Six chains of 10 participants (generations)N = 60
Exp. 1 - Written responseExp. 2 - Oral response
Measures on the response words:
● Spikiness ratings of the whole word
● Length in letters/syllables
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Exp. 1 - Written response Exp. 2 - Oral response
Shape iconicity
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Length iconicity
Exp. 1 - Written response Exp. 2 - Oral response
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A completely arbitrary vocabulary tends to become more iconic with
language evolution
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A completely arbitrary vocabulary tends to become more iconic with
language evolution
Can communication increase this effect?
Tamariz et al. (2018).
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dfrd dfre dftt dfrd dfre dftt
Learning game
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dfrd dfre dftt dfrd dfre dftt
Learning game
Communicative coopeerative game
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The LEARNING game
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The LEARNING game
1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
poweni
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The LEARNING game
1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
malili
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The LEARNING game
kinilowe
1. TRAINING
2. PLAYINGGUESSING
SPEAKING
Score: 0
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The LEARNING game
kinilowe
1. TRAINING
2. PLAYINGGUESSING
SPEAKING
Score: 0
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The LEARNING game
1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
kinilowe
Score: 0
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The LEARNING game
1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
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The LEARNING game
1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
_
Score: 0
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The LEARNING game
1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
molili
Score: 0
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The LEARNING game
1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
molili
Score: 1
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The LEARNING game
1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
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The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
poweni
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
kinilowe
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
Score: 0
...
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
Score: 0
kinilowe
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
Score: 0
kinilowe
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
Score: 0
kinilowe
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
Score: 0
kinilowe
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
Score: 0
kinilowe
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
Score: 1
kinilowe
√
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
_
Score: 0
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
muwewe
Score: 0
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
muwewe
Score: 0
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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1. TRAINING2. PLAYING
GUESSINGSPEAKING
muwewe
Score: 0
The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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The COMMUNICATIVE COOPERATIVE game
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100% language shown at training
Feedback during recall
Four chains of 6 generationsN = 72
Measures on the response words:● Shape iconicity ratings
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Shape iconicity arose only in the communicative condition
Communication fosters the evolution of iconicity in the vocabulary
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Conclusions
● There is pressure for phonological iconicity in the evolution of linguistic signs
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Conclusions
● There is pressure for phonological iconicity in the evolution of linguistic signs
● Original verbal signs also had the potential and the pressure for phonological iconicity.
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Conclusions
● There is pressure for phonological iconicity in the evolution of linguistic signs
● Original verbal signs also had the potential and the pressure for phonological iconicity.
● Original languages probably mixed phonological and gestural signs
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Conclusions
● There is pressure for phonological iconicity in the evolution of linguistic signs
● Original verbal signs also had the potential and the pressure for phonological iconicity.
● Original languages probably mixed phonological and gestural signs
Thank you!
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Basquetzillotzallo ‘to shamble’xingi-xango ‘to skip’kiskun-kaskun ‘to babble’kirrinka-karranka ‘sound of a cart’tir-tir ‘rain sound’
Japanesekorokoro ‘a light object rolling repeatedly’nurunuru ‘the tactile sensation causedby slimy substance’yochiyochi ‘the manner of walking typical for infants’
Spanishchin-chin ‘to toast’crujido ‘crack’tic-tac ‘clock sound’
Englishsluggishcrackhop
Phonological iconicity should be widespread in oral languages
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Iconicity should be important in language acquisition
BSL English Spanish
Thompson et al. (2012).
Perry et al. (2015).
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Iconicity in sign language