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There are twelve types of press operation:-

(1) Blanking (7) Slitting

(2) Punching (8) Lancing

(3) notching (9) Nibbling

(4) Perforating (10) Bending

(5) Trimming (11) Drawing(6) Shaving (12) squeezing

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Blanking is the operation ofcutting a flat shape from sheetmetal. the article punched out

is called the blank "and is therequired product of theoperation.

The hole and metal left behind

is discarded as waste.It isusually the first step of series ofoperations.

Fig:-1.1 Blanking

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It is a cutting operation bywhich various shaped holesare made in sheet metal.

Punching is similar toblanking except that inpunching, the hole is thedesired product, the material

punched out to form the holebeing waste.

ig:-1.2 Punching

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This is a cuttingoperation by

which metalpieces are cutfrom the edge of a

sheet, strip orblank.

Fig:-1.3 otching

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This is a process bywhich multiple holes

which are very smalland close together arecut in flat work

material

Fig:-1.4 erforating

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This operation consistsof cutting unwanted

excess material fromthe periphery of apreviously formed

component.

ig:- 1.5 Trimming

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The edge of a blanked part aregenerally rough, uneven andunsquare.

Accurate dimensions of thepart are obtained byremoving a thin strip of ametal along the edges. This

operation is termed asshaving.

IG:-1.6 Shaving

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It refers to theoperation of making

incomplete holes in awork piece.

Fig:-1.7 slitting

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This is cutting operation in which a hole is partially cutand then one side is bent down to form a sort of tab orlouver. since no metal is actually removed ,there will be

no scrap.

Fig :-1.8 ancing

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The nibbling operation which isused for only small quantitiesof components, is designed for

cutting out flat parts from sheetmetal. The flat parts range fromsimple to complex counters.This operation is generally

substituted for blanking. Thepart is usually moved andguided by hand as thecontinuously operating punchcuts away at the edges of the

desired contour. Fig:-1.9 ibbling

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In this operation, thematerial in the form

of flat sheet or strip,is uniformly strainedaround a liner axiswhich lies in the

neutral plane andperpendicular to thelengthwise directionof the sheet or metal.

ig :-1.10 bending

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SQUEEZINGSQUEEZING

This is a process of a forming a flat work pieceinto a hollow shape by means of a punch whichcauses the blank to flow into a die cavity

Under this operation, the metal iscaused to flow to all portions of a diecavity under the action ofcompressive forces.

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A textbook of

production - by :- P.c Sharma

technology

images - by :- Google search

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