Press Law Bill - ARTICLE 19 - Defending freedom of ... · Press Law Bill (First Draft) Chapter (1)...

www.article19.org @article19org

Press Law Bill (First Draft)

Chapter (1)

Title and Definitions

1. This Act shall be cited as the Press Law.

2. The following terms contained in this Act shall have the meanings given hereunder:

(a) ‘Press’ means public information and mass communications which are composed of tasks

related to news including, but not limited to, searching, retrieving, possessing, storing,

reporting, analyzing or transmitting information by using various forms such as text,

sound, image, image and sound, numbers and figures or designs.

(b) ‘Council’ means the press council established in accordance with the provisions of this

Law.

(c) ‘Broadcasting’ means broadcasting sounds or images for general public use.

(d) ‘Newspaper’ refers to any periodical paper which contains matters concerned with the

news events happening at the local and international level.

(e) ‘News reporter’ means a person who investigates, writes and submits news reports to any

press.

(f) ‘Journalism’ includes newspapers, journals, magazines, books in which news, fictions,

articles, poems, cartoons, photographs or illustrations are expressed in the form of print

media, electronic media or any other means using media technology.

(g) ‘Printer’ refers to a person who operates printing presses or an organization which

provides printing services to print any genre of journalism.

(h) ‘Publisher’ means a person or an organization that publishes literary works including, but

not limited to, newspapers, news journals, magazines, fictions, cartoons or non-fictions.

(i) ‘Distributor’ means a person or an organization that distributes printed books, literary

works and journals across various regions.

(j) ‘News agency’ means an organization which retrieves local and international news and

distributes them in the forms of print media or electronic media.

(k) ‘Censorship’ means cutting, removing or allowing all or part of the contents in any

journalistic work to be published, or threatening or asking permission for publishing such

kind of contents.

(l) ‘Government’ means The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

(m) ‘Minister’ means Union Minister of Ministry of Information, The Government of the

Republic of the Union of Myanmar.


(n) ‘Ministry’ means Ministry of Information, The Government of the Republic of the Union of

Myanmar.

Chapter (2)

Objectives of the Act

3. To encourage the development of the media industry by adhering to the citizens’ right to

express and publish freely their convictions and opinions, granted by virtue of Article 354(a)

of the Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

4. To protect and promote the people’s right to information and pronouncement of their

convictions and opinions based on the information received.

5. To make the media industry becomes a fourth pillar which effectively fulfills the public

interest by means of watching and guiding other three branches of government.

6. To draft and promulgate ethics and regulations which journalists and media professionals

must comply with.

7. To protect freedom of press and other related rights of journalists and journal publishers.

8. The publications shall be to benefit the national and public interest.

9. To practice arbitration as the first priority of conflict resolution, in case of disputes arising out

of the journalistic publications and news broadcasts.

10. To establish a press council by legislating the regulatory provisions in order to implement the

objectives of this law.

Chapter (3)

Rights of the Journalists

11. Every citizen has a right to acquire and provide information freely.

12. A journalist has freedom from being deterred, restricted or intimidated to a citizen’s right to

acquire information freely and has a right to report or broadcast freely based on one’s own

investigation, which is done in accordance with the media ethics.

13. A journalist has a right to publish articles which may express the violations of a citizen’s

rights guaranteed by law.

14. A news reporter has a right to enter and exit, get a place and record news, in accordance with

the regulation, at premises such as offices, departments, organizations.


15. A journalist has a right to be free from the duty of seeking permission to publish his or her

unpublished works from the censorship board.

16. A journalist has a right to present fictions, articles, criticisms and analysis in a form of

editorial headline.

17. Apart from the imperiled matters towards public and national security, a journalist has a right

to ask permission to see the office accounts, projects and non-secret records from the

government departments and associations formed with the public fund

18. A journalist has a right to deny the demand to reveal the source of information retrieved.

19. A journalist –

(a) has an intellectual property right

(b) has a right to register one’s own intellectual work

20. In a war conflict zone, a reporter –

(a) has a right to be protected as capable as possible

(b) has a right to be free from arrest

21. Upon compliance with the regulations, an individual has a right to establish one’s own press

and news agency.

22. An individual has a right to be free from the State’s privatization of one’s private news or

media agency under any circumstances

23. A journalist working at the areas of uprising, mass demonstration, and conflict zones has a

right to be free from authorities’ recording of the journalist’s movements and seizure of the

news reports (sound, image, photo, documents, papers) owned by the journalist

Chapter (4)

Duties of the Journalists

24. The journalists and the press shall abide the following provisions:

(a) All information provided shall be closely scrutinized to be accurate, correct and as

flawless as possible.

(b) In the event of fixing mistakes and inaccuracies, the respective media agency shall fix

mistakes and re-publish the correct version as soon as possible. The agency shall place

explanatory notes concerning such incident distinctively on the closest page of the

incident.


(c) The name of the information provider or the name of the source of the news may be kept

private according to the will of the party most concerned. Subject matters which a party

provides on trust shall be kept private.

(d) When expressing the pending court cases in media, the media shall have to acknowledge

that the defendant is innocent before the law.

(e) When retrieving and publishing news, the journalist shall acknowledge the name of the

media for which he or she represents.

(f) The advertisements in the forms of news, photos, articles, shall be made known and

distinguishable as advertisements.

(g) In terms of reporting news, the reporter shall not express his or her opinion. Biased

expressions are now allowed.

(h) Except for the reason of public interest, expressions which degrade the dignity of an

individual or an organization, or expressions which violate individual rights shall be

avoided.

(i) Whilst reporting news, the provisions of any law for the women and children shall be

abided.

(j) Writings which encompass discrimination, conviction or provocative expressions on the

ground of place of birth, religion and race are now allowed.

(k) All journalists shall not take any privilege or bribery.

(l) False propaganda made up in conjunction with any commercial or political organization’s

authority is not allowed.

(m) Copying news, photographs, articles originally generated by other creator is prohibited

without the consent of the creator of the original work. When the creator of the original

work consents, it is still required to acknowledge the original source of creation.

(n) Unless accuracy of news is proven, news retrieved from electronic media such as internet

and social networks shall not be published or distributed.

25. Whilst reporting news about menacing subject matters for the public such as tobacco, opium,

liquor, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other transmissible diseases,

publications which can vitiate the general welfare of the public shall be avoided.

26. Expressions which degrade the dignity of the people with social problems or disability shall

be avoided.

27. Ethics, regulations, road maps, and decisions concluded by the press council must be

abided.


Chapter (5)

Formation of the Press Council

28. The President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar –

(a) in order to administer the implementation of the objectives of this law, shall form a press

council freely and accordingly with the regulations

(b) shall confer authority and impose responsibilities of the press council in the regulations

(c) in the regulations, shall determine the ratio of participating delegates, representing on

behalf of the council members, media organizations and other professional organizations

(d) The press council is the only council for free press society in Myanmar.

Chapter (6)

Establishment of Press Entities

29. Every citizen, upon compliance with the national investment law currently in force, may

establish press and media entities. The right to establish press and media entities must not

contravene the laws and regulations currently in effect.

30. Once establishment of such entity is permitted, it must be registered at the designated

registration office.

(a) The valid period of registration card shall be formulated in the regulation.

(b) When the valid period, issued subject to the regulation, is expired, the registration status

is renewable as stipulated in the regulation.

(c) In the events when the registration card, issued in accordance with the regulation, is

either ceased by some other reasons or intentionally terminated by the registrant

him/herself, then the assigned business permit and the registration card must be

surrendered to the designated authority.

(d) The registration office, except for the court’s decision, is not authorized to revoke or deny

any registration card already issued.

Chapter (7)

General Provisions


31. When an aggrieved person or a complainant who suffers as a result of a particular published

work or a broadcast from a press, before filing a case on the ground of either criminal charge

or civil charge at the court, files a complaint to the press council through proper procedures

stipulated in the regulation, the complainant shall seek for the arbitration commenced by the

press council.

32. The press and media industry mentioned in this Act, apart from the exceptions in Article 33,

includes all kinds of published journalistic works, statements, and broadcasts nationwide.

33. The provisions of this Act exclude the following statements;

(a) statements delivered by three branches of government to their respective junior branches

and departments;

(b) letter report posted back and forth among religious and social organizations;

(c) statements posted back and forth among commercial and financial entities; and

(d) the ‘exemption statement’ postulated by the election law of the Republic of the Union of

Myanmar.

34. Regarding journalistic works imported from foreign countries to Myanmar, respective ministry

may promulgate a separate regulation to be able to inspect whether these items are capable

of threatening the national security and public interest

35. The government is authorized –

(a) to seize, search, and arrest if journalistic works are found with the items which are

deliberately capable of threatening national security and interest

(b) to close down the video, recording tapes, internet and websites, produced locally and

internationally, which may jeopardize the people’s lives and national security and, so, to

declare procedures, in accordance with the Law currently in force, of arrest.

36. This Act repeals the Printers and Publishers Registration Law of 1962.


ပႏပ ႏင သတငးမဒယာဥပေဒ (ပထမမၾကမး)

(Press Law)

အခနး(၁)

အမည ႏင အဓပၸာယေဖာျပခက

ပဒမ၁။ ။ ဤဥပေဒက ပႏပႏင သတငးမဒယာဥပေဒ (Press Law) ဟေခၚတြငေစရမည။ ပဒမ၂။ ။ ဤဥပေဒပါ စကားရပမားသည ေအာကေဖာျပပါ အတငးအဓပၸါယသကေရာကေစရမည။

(က) သတငးမဒယာဆသညမာသတငးႏင႔စပလဥးေသာအလပမားျဖစသညသတငးရာေဖြျခငး၊ ရယျခငး၊ ပငဆငျခငး၊သေလာငျခငး၊ မတတမးတငျခငး၊သတငးအခကအလကမားကခြျခမး စတျဖာျခငး၊ပႏ႔ေစျခငး အစရသညတ႕က စာ၊ အသ၊ အရပ၊ အရပ/အသ၊ ကနးဂဏနးအခကအလက၊ ရပပဒဇငး စသည အသြငသ႑နမးစ အသးျပကာ၊ ပႏပမဒယာ၊အလကထရြနနစမဒယာႏင အျခားနညးလမးမားျဖင လပကငသည လမႈေရးႏငအမားျပညသဆငရာျပနၾကားေရး၊ဆကသြယေရးလပငနးမားကဆသည။

(ခ) ေကာငစဆသညမာဤဥပေဒႏငအညဖြ႔စညးေသာသတငးမဒယာေကာငစ(press council)

ကဆသည။ (ဂ) သတငးထတလႊငျပသျခငးဆသညမာအသျဖငျဖစေစ၊

ရပပျဖငျဖစေစ၊အမားျပညသအားထတလႊငျပသျခငးကဆသည။ (ဃ) သတငးစာဆသညမာျဖစပကေနေသာ ျပညတြငးျပညပသတငးအခကအလကမားႏင

စပလဥးေသာ အေၾကာငးအရာအားလး ပမနျဖန႔ခေသာထတေဝစာကဆသည။ (င) သတငးေထာကဆသညမာ သတငးလကျခငး၊သတငးေရးသားျခငးနင

သတငးအခကအလကမားကသတငးမဒယာတစခခသ႔ေပးပ႔သကဆသည။ (စ) စာနယဇငးဆသညမာ သတငး၊ဝတ၊ ေဆာငးပါး၊

ကဗာ၊ကာတြနး၊ဓာတပ၊သရပေဖာပစသညတ႔က ပႏပနညးပညာျဖငျဖစေစ၊အလကထေရာနစသ႔မဟတ အျခားေသာ နညးပညာ တစမးမးျဖငျဖစေစ ေဖာျပထားသည သတငးစာ၊ဂာနယ၊မဂ ၢဇငး၊စာအပစာေစာငကဆသည။

(ဆ) ပႏပသဆသညမာစာနယဇငးတစမးမးကတာ၀နခရကႏပသသ႔မဟတအဖြ႔အစညးကဆသည။ (ဇ) ထတေဝသဆသညမာသတငးစာ ၊ သတငးဂာနယ၊မဂၢဇငး၊ ၀တ၊ ရပျပကာတြနး၊

သတစာေပစသညစာေပတစမးမးကတာဝနခထတေ၀သသ႔မဟတ အဖြ႔အစညးကဆသည။ (စ) ျဖန႕ခသဆသညမာပႏပျပး စာအပစာေပ၊

စာနယဇငးမားကနယပယေဒသအသးသးသ႕ျဖန႕ခသည လပငနးလပကငသ

သ႔မဟတအဖြ႕အစညးကဆသည။ (ည)

သတငးေအဂငစဆသညမာျပညတြငးျပညပမသတငးမားကစေဆာငး၍ပႏပမဒယာ၊အလကထေရာနစ မဒယာတစမးမးျဖင ျဖန႔ခသညလပငနးကလပကငသညအဖြ႕အစညးကဆသည။

(ဋ) (ဆငဆာ) ၾကတငစစစျခငး ဆသညမာ စာနယဇငးတစခခတြင ပါ၀ငသညအေၾကာငးမားကအားလးျဖစေစ၊ တစစတတစပငးျဖစေစ


ျဖတေတာကဖယရားျခငး(သ႔မဟတ) ေပးျခငး၊ ျခမးေျခာက ျခငး၊ သတငးထတျပနခြငရရေစရန ခြငျပမန႔ ေတာငးခရျခငးကဆသည။

(ဌ) အစးရအဖြ႕ဆသညမာ ျပညေထာငစသမၼတျမနမာႏငငေတာ အစးရအဖြ႕ကဆသည။ (ဍ) ဝနႀကးဆသညမာ ျပနၾကားေရးဝနႀကးဌာန ျပညေထာငစဝနႀကးကဆသည။

(ဎ) ဝနႀကးဌာနဆသညမာျပနႀကားေရးဝနႀကးဌာနကဆသည။

အခနး(၂)

ဥပေဒ၏ရညရြယခကမား ပဒမ၃။ ။ႏငငေတာဖြ႕စညးပအေျခခဥပေဒပဒမ(၃၅၄)(က)ပါျပဌာနးခကႏငအညႏငငသားတငး

လြတလပစြာ သတငးေရးသားထတေ၀ခြငအရ ပႏပျဖန႔ခေသာ သတငးမဒယာလပငနးမား တး တက ျဖစထြနးေစေရး။

ပဒမ၄။ ။ျပညသမား၏ သတငးကသရခြငနင သတငးအေပၚ ျပနၾကားေျပာဆခြငမားက ကာကြယျမငတင ေပးေရး။

ပဒမ ၅။ ။ႏငငေတာ၏မ႑ငႀကး(၃)ရပကေစာငၾကညတညမတေပးျခငျဖင ျပညသ႕အကးျပ သတငးမဒ ယာလပငနးကစတတမ႑ငအျဖစ ပျပငစြာရပတညေဆာငရြကေရး။

ပဒမ၆။ ။စာနယဇငးႏငသတငးမဒယာသမားမားေစာငထနးလကနာရမည ကငဝတမား၊လပငနးေဆာင ရြကပစညးမဥးမား ေရးဆြျပဌာနးေရး။

ပဒမ၇။။သတငးမဒယာသမားမားႏငစာနယဇငးထတေ၀သမားရခြငရသညသတငးလြတလပခြငႏငအျခားရပငခြငမားက ရရေစေရးနင ထရပငခြငမားက အကာအကြယေပးေရး။

ပဒမ၈။ ။ပႏပထတေဝေရးလပငနးမားသည နငငေတာႏငနငငသားတ႕၏

အကးစးပြားကအေထာကအကျပေရး။ ပဒမ၉။

။စာနယဇငးတြငေရးသားထတျပနခကမား၊သတငးရကကးထတလႊငမႈမားႏငစပလဥး၍အျငငးပြားမႈေပၚေပါကပါက ညႏႈငးေျဖရငးမႈနညးလမးက အေလးထားကငသးေရး။

ပဒမ ၁၀။ ။ဥပေဒ၏ရညရြယခကမားအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရြကရန သတငးမဒယာေကာငစတစရပကနညးဥပေဒျပဌာနးဖြ႕စညးတညေထာငေရး။

အခနး(၃)

ပႏပႏငသတငးမဒယာသမားမား၏ရပငခြငမား ပဒမ၁၁။ ။ႏငငသားတငးသတငးကလြတလပစြာသရခြင၊ သတငးေပးခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၁၂။ ။ႏငငသားမားသခြငရေသာသတငးအခကအလကမားက တားျမစျခငး၊ ထနးခပျခငး၊ အကပ

ကငျခငးမားမ ကငးေ၀းေစျပး ကငဝတစညးကမးႏငအညလြတလပစြာစစမးေဖာထတေရးသားခြင၊ထတလႊငခြငရျခငး။

ပဒမ၁၃။ ။ႏငငသားတစဥးအား ဥပေဒတစရပရပျဖငေပးထားေသာအခြငအေရးဆးရႈးမႈမားကသတငး ေဆာငးပါးအျဖစ ေဖာထတေရးသားခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၁၄။ ။သတငးေထာကတစဥးသည ရး၊ အလပဌာန၊ အဖြ႕အစညးမားတြင သတမတခကႏင


အညသတငးရယခြင ေနရာထငခငးရခြင၊ ဝငထြကသြားလာခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၁၅။ ။သတငးမထတျပနမ၊ ေရးသားပႏပျခငးမျပမ ႀကတင စစစ (ဆငဆာ) တငျခငးမ

ကငးလြတခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၁၆။ ။စာနယဇငးသမားတစဥးသည ၀ထ၊

ေဆာငးပါး၊ေဝဖနခက၊သးသပခကတ႔ကမမ၏အာေဘာအျဖစ ေရးသားခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၁၇။

။ႏငငေတာ၏လျခေရး၊ႏငငသားတ႕အားအႏရာယျဖစေစႏငသညကစၥမအပအစးရဌာနမားျပညသ႔ဘ႑ာျဖငဖြ႔စညးထားေသာ အဖြ႕အစညးမားရလပငနးစာရငးဇယား၊စမခကမား၊လ႕ဝကကစၥမဟတသည မတတမးမားအား ေတာငးယၾကညရႈခြင ရျခငး။

ပဒမ၁၈။ ။သတငးအရငးအျမစ ထတေဖာေပးရန ေတာငးဆမႈက ျငငးပယခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၁၉။ ။(က) စာနယဇငးသမားတစဥး၏ အသဥာဏဆငရာမပငခြငကထားရခြငရျခငး၊ (ခ) စာနယဇငးသမားတစဥး၏ ကယပငအခြငအေရးကမတပတငခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၂၀။ ။စစမကေဘးအႏရာယျဖစပြားေနေသာေဒသ၌ -

(က) သတငးေထာကတစဥးသည တတႏငသမ ကာကြယေစာငေရာကမႈရခြငရျခငး၊ (ခ) ဖမးဆးထနးသမးျခငးတ႕မ ကငးလြတခြငရျခငး။

ပဒမ၂၁။ ။သတမတထားေသာစညးကမးခကႏငညညြတပါကပႏပလပငနး၊ သတငးေအဂငစတ႕ ကထေထာငခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၂၂။ ။ပဂၢလက သတငး/မဒယာလပငနးကမညသညအေၾကာငးႏငမႏငငပငအျဖစသမးယျခငး

မကငးလြတခြငရျခငး။ ပဒမ၂၃။ ။ အေရးအခငး၊ အဓကရနး၊ ဆႏၵျပေနေသာ ေနရာ၌ သတငးရယေနေသာ သတငးေထာကမားက

ဖမးဆး ထနးသမးျခငး၊ သတငးမတတမး (အသ၊ အရပ၊ ဓါတပ၊ အေထာကအထား၊စာရြကစာတမးမား) တ႕က သမးဆညးျခငး အာဏာပငမားမ မတတမးတငထားျခငးတ႕မ ကငးလြတခြငရျခငး။

အခနး(၄)

စာနယဇငးႏင သတငးမဒယာသမားမားလကနာရမညတာ၀နမားသတမတျခငး ပဒမ၂၄။ ။စာနယဇငးႏငသတငးမဒယာမားသည ေအာကပါတ႔ကလကနာရနတာ၀နရသည -

(က) သတငးတငးအခကအလကတကမနကနရနႏင တတႏငသမျပညစရန စစစရမည။ (ခ) တကမနကနမႈမရေသာသတငးကေဖာျပမ၍ျပငဆငရနလအပပါကသကဆငရာ မဒယာသည အျမနဆးျပနလညျပငဆငေဖာျပေပးရမည။သတငးမနေျဖရငးခကက လညး ၄ငးသတငးထညသြငးသညေနရာႏငအနးစပဆးစာမကႏာတြငထငရားစြာ ေဖာျပေပးရမည။ (ဂ)

သတငးေပးသ(သ႕မဟတ)သတငးရငးျမစ(Source)အမညနာမႏငစပလဥး၍ကာယကရင၏ဆႏၵႏငအညထနးသမးဆငျခငရမည။


ယၾကည၍ထတေဖာအသေပးလကသညအေၾကာငးအရာမားႏငစပလဥး၍လ႕ဝကထနးသမးထားရမည။

(ဃ)

တရားရးတြငစစေဆးဆအမႈမားႏငစပလဥး၍မဒယာတြငေရးသားေဖာျပရာ၌တရားရးေတာကျပစမႈထငရားစရငျခငးမျပေသးသမကာလပတလးတရားစြဆခရသအားအျပစကငးစငသ

တစဥးအျဖစ မတယရမည။ (င) သတငးမားရယေရးသားရာ၌မမကယစားျပသညသတငးမဒယာအမညကထတေဖာ

ေျပာဆ၍သတငးရယရမည။ (စ) သတငး၊ ဓာတပ၊ ေဆာငးပါးစသညတ႕အသြငျဖင ထညသြငးေသာေၾကာျငာမားက ေၾကာျငာ

ျဖစေၾကာငးသသာထငရားေအာင ေဖာျပရမည။ (ဆ) သတငးေရးသားရာတြင ေရးသ၏ အာေဘာလးဝမပါဝငေစရ။ ဘကလကေရးသားျခငး မျပရ။ (ဇ) အမားျပညသအကးစးပြားအတြကေရးသငေရးထကသညမအပလပဂၢလတစဥး(သ႕မဟတ)

အဖြ႕အစညးတစခ၏ဂဏသကၡာကထခကေစေသာအေရးအသား၊ႏငငသားတစဥး၏အခြငအေရးကထပါးေစေသာအေရးအသားမားေရာငၾကဥရမည။

(ဈ)

သတငးေရးသားရာတြငကေလးသငယမား၊အမးသမးမားႏငစပလဥးသညဥပေဒျပ႒ာနးခကမားကလကနာရမည။

(ည) ဇာတ၊ကးကြယရာဘာသာ၊လမးတ႕ကအေၾကာငးျပ၍ခြျခား၊ ေဝဖန၊ လႈေဆာေရးသားျခငး မျပရ။ (ဋ) စာနယဇငးသမားမားအားလးမညကသ႕ေသာအခြငအေရး၊တစးလကေဆာငမမယရ။ (ဌ) စးပြားေရး၊ ႏငငေရးစသည အဖြ႕အစညးတစခခ၏ ၾသဇာေၾကာင မမနမကနေရးသားျခငးမျပရ။ (ဍ)

သတစပါးဖနတးထားေသာသတငး၊ဓာတပ၊ေဆာငးပါးမားကမရငးဖနတးသ၏ခြငျပခကမရဘကးယေဖာျပျခငးမျပရ။ ခြငျပခကရယျပးေဖာျပလငလညးမလရငးျမစကေဖာျပေပးရမည။

(ဎ) အလကထေရာနစနညးပညာျဖငထတလႊငေသာ အငတာနက၊ လမႈကြနယကမား စသည အရငးအျမစမားမတစဆငရေသာသတငးမားသည မနကနေၾကာငး သကေသအခငအမာ မျပႏငပါက ျပနလညကးယျဖန႕ချခငးမျပရ။

ပဒမ၂၅။ ။ႏငငသားတငးအတြက ေဘးအႏရာယျဖစေစမည ေဆးလပ၊ မးယစေဆးဝါး၊ အရကေသစာ၊ေအအငဒအကစနငအျခားေသာကးစကေရာဂါမားဆငရာသတငးမားကေဖာျပရာတြငျပညသလထအကးထခကေစမည ပႏပထတေဝေရးသားျခငးကေရာငၾကဥရမည။

ပဒမ၂၆။ ။လမႈေရးဒကၡခစားရသမား၊ မသနစြမးသမားႏင စပလဥးေသာကစၥရပမားေဖာျပရာတြင သတငးေရးခရသ၏ ဂဏသကၡာ ညးႏြမး ထခကေစမည ေဖာျပခကမားေရာငၾကဥရမည။

ပဒမ၂၇။ ။သတငးမဒယာေကာငစကခမတထားေသာကင၀တ

စညးကမး၊လမးညႊနခက၊ဆးျဖတခကမားက လကနာရမည တာဝနရသည။

အခနး(၅)

သတငးမဒယာေကာငစဖြ႕စညးျခငး


ပဒမ၂၈။ ။ႏငငေတာသမၼတသည -

(က) ဤဥပေဒပါရညရြယခကမားက အေကာငအထညေဖာရာတြငႀကးၾကပေဆာငရြကႏငရန လြတ

လပေသာသတငးမဒယာ ေကာငစတစရပက နညးဥပေဒပါ သတမတခကမားနငအည

ဖြ႕စညးေပးရမည။ (ခ) ေကာငစ၏ လပငနးတာ၀နနင လပပငခြငတ႕က နညးဥပေဒတြင သတမတ ေဖာျပ

ျပ႒ာနးေပးရမည။ (ဂ) ေကာငစ၀ငဥးေရႏငသတငးမဒယာအဖြ႕အစညးမားနငအျခားေသာပညာရငမား ပါ၀ငသည

ကယစားလယ အခးအစားက နညးဥပေဒတြင သတမတေပးရမည။ (ဃ) သတငးမဒယာေကာငစသည ျမနမာနငင၏ တစခတညးေသာ လြတလပသည သတငးမဒယာ

ဆငရာ ေကာငစျဖစသည။ အခနး(၆)

ပႏပႏင သတငးမဒယာလပငနးမားတညေထာငျခငး ပဒမ၂၉။ ။နငငသားတငးသည

တညဆနငငသားရငးႏးျမပႏမႈဥပေဒႏငညညြတပါကပႏပႏငသတငးမဒယာလပငနးမားတညေထာငႏငသည။ နငငျခားပႏပႏင႔သတငးမဒယာ လပငနးမားတညေထာင ခြငႏင ရငးႏးျမပႏခြငတ႔သည တညဆဥပေဒမား၊ နညးဥပေဒမားနင အညျဖစရမည။

ပဒမ ၃၀။။သတငးမဒယာ လပငနးေဆာငရြကခြငရပါက သတမတထားေသာ မတပတငရးတြင မတပတင ရမည။

(က) မတပတငသကတမးက နညးဥပေဒျပဌာနး သတမတရမည။ (ခ) တညဆဥပေဒအရထတေပးထားေသာ မတပတင၏ သကတမးကနဆးပါက သတမတ

ခကနငအည သကတမးတးခြငရသည။ (ဂ) ခြင႔ျပခကရရထားေသာလပငနးသည အေၾကာငးတစခခေၾကာင ရပစခ ရသညျဖစေစ၊ မမဆႏၵ

အေလာက လပငနးရပစသညျဖစေစ၊ မလထတ

ေပးထားေသာလပငနးခြငျပခကႏငမတပတငကဆငရာသ႔ျပနလညေပးအပရမည။ (ဃ) မတပတငရးသည တရားရး၏ ဆးျဖတခကမအပ မညသညနညးႏငမ မတပတငက ပယဖက

ခြင၊ ျငငးပယခြငမရေစရ။

အခနး (၇)

အေထြေထြျပ႒ာနးခက

ပဒမ၃၁။ ။သတငးမဒယာ၌ ေဖာျပထားေသာ ေရးသားထတလႊငခက တစခခေၾကာငနစနာသ

သ႕မဟတ မေကနပသသညျပစမႈဥပေဒ၊ တရားမ ဥပေဒတ႕အရ တရားစြဆျခငးမျပမ နညးဥပေဒ၌ ျပ႒ာနးထားေသာ လပထးလပနညးႏငအည သတငးမဒယာေကာငစသ႕ တငၾကားပါက သတငးမဒယာေကာငစ၏ ညႏႈငးေျဖရငးေပးမႈက ဥးစြာရယရမည။

ပဒမ၃၂။ ။ဤဥပေဒပါ ပႏပႏင သတငးမဒယာ လပငနးသည ပဒမ (၃၃) ပါ ကငးလြတခြငမားမအပ ႏငငအတြငးထတေဝေသာစာနယဇငး၊ ထတေဝစာ၊ သတငးထတလႊငခကမားအားလးႏင သကဆငေစရမည။


ပဒမ၃၃။ ။ ဤဥပေဒျပဌာနးခကမားသည ေအာကပါထတေဝစာမားႏင မသကဆငေစရ။ (က) အာဏာပငအဖြ႔အစညး(၃)ရပကမမလကေအာကခအဖြ႔အစညး၊ ရးဌာနမားသ႔

ေရးသားေပးပ႔သညထတေဝစာ၊ (ခ) ဘာသာေရး၊ လမႈေရးအဖြ႕အစညးအခငးခငးအေၾကာငးၾကားစာ။ (ဂ) စးပြားေရး၊ ေငြေရးေၾကးေရး၊ လပငနးမားအခငးခငးေရးသားထတေဝစာ။ (ဃ) ျပညေထာငစေရြးခယတငေျမာကပြ ဆငရာဥပေဒအရထတျပနေသာကငးလြတခြင

ျပသည ထတေဝစာ။ ပဒမ၃၄။ ။ျပညတြငးသ႕ျပညပမတငတြငးေသာစာနယဇငးမားသညႏငငေတာ၏လျခေရးႏငျပညသမား

၏အကးစးပြားက ထခကႏငျခငးရ/မရ စစစအေရးယရန သကဆငရာ ဝနႀကးဌာနက နညးဥပ ေဒက သးျခားသတမတ ျပဌာနးေပးႏငသည။

ပဒမ၃၅။ ။ႏငငေတာအစးရသည

(က) ႏငငေတာအကးစးပြားက တမငထခကေစႏငေသာ စာနယဇငးမားက ေတြ႕ရက

သမးဆညးျခငး၊ ရာေဖြဖမးဆးျခငးက တညဆဥပေဒသကဆငရာလပထးလပနညးမားႏငအည ေဆာငရြကႏငသည။

(ခ) ႏငငေတာႏင ျပညသမား၏ အသကေဘးအႏရာယႏင လျခေရးကထခကေစႏငေသာ ျပညတြငးျပညပမထတေဝျဖန႔ခေသာ ဗဒယေခြ၊ တပေခြ၊ Internet၊ Website

ထတလပခကမားက ပတသမးျခငး၊ ဖမးဆးျခငးဆငရာလပထးလပနညးမားက တညဆဥပေဒအရ ထတျပနႏငသည။

ပဒမ၃၆။ ။၁၉၆၂ ခႏစ ပႏပသမား မတပတငဥပေဒက ဤဥပေဒျဖင ရပသမးလကသည။

……………………………………။……………………………………………………

Press Law Bill - ARTICLE 19 - Defending freedom of ... · Press Law Bill (First Draft) Chapter (1)...

Documents

Transcript of Press Law Bill - ARTICLE 19 - Defending freedom of ... · Press Law Bill (First Draft) Chapter (1)...