Presenter:Karen Fligger, EPA

StormwaterGenerated by runoff from land and impervious surfaces

such as paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops during precipitation events

Often contain pollutants in quantities that could adversely affect receiving water quality

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Stormwater (contd.)Most stormwater discharges are considered point

sources and require coverage by an NPDES permit.The most commonly used method to control stormwater

is through best management practices (BMPs), including pollution prevention and source reduction (quantity and quality control).

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What is an MS4?A municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) is a

conveyance or system of conveyances owned by a state, city, town, or other public entity that discharges to waters of the U.S. and is:designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwaternot a combined sewernot part of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)

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Phase I CoverageCovers municipalities with populations over 100,000Many interconnected small MS4s also permittedApproximately 275 permits covering 1,000 MS4s have

been issued

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Phase II CoverageCovers more than 5,000 smaller MS4s in “urbanized

areas”Urbanized areas based on decennial censusPermitting authorities can designate additional small

MS4s that are outside of urbanized areas Includes non-traditional MS4s (e.g. prisons, universities)Most states have small MS4 general permits in place;

municipalities seek coverage under the general permit.

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Urbanized Areas (UA) in U.S.

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• 464 UAs• 6,000 communities• 197 million people• 70% of the population• 2% of the land area

Unregulated MS4sOutside urbanized areas (UAs)Generally population of 99,000 or lessNot designated by the permitting authority (state or EPA)

as Phase I or Phase II

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Stormwater Facilities/Projects

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Changes for 2012Drop down box has been added to identify whether or

not the needed projects activities are specifically required by a NPDES permitData provided in comment box in 2008 was used to

populate this field

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CWNS Stormwater Facility TypesPhase I Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)

Phase I permits are required for municipalities in incorporated places or counties with populations of 100,000 or more.

Unit processes or BMPs designed to collect, treat, and transport stormwater for entities regulated under the NPDES Phase I permit process.

Only processes or practices that address water quality or public health problems are included in the CWNS.

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CWNS Stormwater Facility Types (contd.)Phase II MS4

Phase II permits were required for small MS4s (population 99,999 or less) located in “urbanized areas” (UAs) as defined by the Bureau of the Census, and those small MS4s located outside of a UA that are designated by NPDES permitting authorities.

Unit processes or BMPs designed to collect, treat, and transport stormwater for entities regulated under the NPDES Phase II permit process.

Only processes or practices that address water quality or public health problems are included in the CWNS.

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CWNS Stormwater Facility Types (contd.)Non-traditional MS4

Unit processes or BMPs designed to collect, treat, and transport stormwater for regulated MS4s owned by non-municipal, public entities (e.g., universities, Departments of Transportation, prisons, school districts).

Only processes or practices that address water quality or public health problems are included in the CWNS.

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CWNS Stormwater Facility Types (contd.)Unregulated Community

Unit processes or BMPs designed to collect, treat, and transport stormwater for areas not covered by an NPDES permit under the Phase I or Phase II storm water regulations.

This is equivalent to “NPS Control: Urban” from the 2000 and 2004 surveys

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Required Technical DataFacility/Project InformationPermits (i.e. NPDES number) (except Unregulated Communities)Point of ContactLocation (e.g. address, coordinates)Needs and Documentation*Discharge Method and Location*Pollution Problem*Impaired Waters*Unit Process*Utility Management*

* Designates optional data

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Cost Categories of Stormwater Needs for CWNSVI-A: Stormwater Conveyance Infrastructure

Pipes, inlets, road side ditchesVI-B: Stormwater Treatment Systems

Wet ponds, dry ponds, manufactured devicesVI-C: Green Infrastructure/Low Impact Development (LID)

Bioretention, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, rain gardens, green roofs, rain barrels, vegetated swales, restoring riparian buffers, etc.

VI-D: General Stormwater ManagementEducation program start-up costs, GIS systems, tracking systems,

education, equipment (street sweepers), management plan development

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When is a need NPS v. Unregulated Stormwater?NPS-Hydromodification (VII-K)

BMPs to solve morphological problems, in many cases caused by stormwater

Any work involving riparian or wetland restoration.

Projects are usually on the stream channel or next to it.

Examples: wetland development or restoration, bank or channel (grade) stabilization.

Unregulated Stormwater (VI)

BMPs to prevent, control, or treat pollution from stormwater.

Projects are usually close to the source of pollution.

Projects are part of a stormwater management plan.

Examples: detention ponds, green roofs

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Stormwater type?Stormwater type? Phase I Phase I Phase IIPhase II Non-traditionalNon-traditional UnregulatedUnregulated

Needs by sub-categoriesNeeds by sub-categories CostCost Specifically required Specifically required by NPDES permit?by NPDES permit?

A - Traditional ConveyanceA - Traditional Conveyance $$ YesYes NoNo

B - Traditional TreatmentB - Traditional Treatment $$ YesYes NoNo

C - Green Infrastructure/ LIDC - Green Infrastructure/ LID $$ YesYes NoNo

D - General Stormwater D - General Stormwater ManagementManagement

$$ YesYes NoNo

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Collecting and Entering Stormwater Costs

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Eligibility To be eligible for CWNS, needs must be:

Capital costsFall within CWNS categoriesMeet CWNS documentation criteria

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Seven Criteria for Documenting Needs and CostsDescription of the water quality or public

health problemLocation of the problemSolution to the problemCost of the solutionBasis for the costTotal costCurrent Documentation

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Needs

Costs

1. Description of the water quality or public health problemMunicipal Stormwater Management PlanImpaired Water/TMDL ListingCompleted TMDLState-approved Area-wide or Regional Basin PlanWatershed-based plansCWSRF and other loan & grant applicationsIntended Use PlanCapital Improvement Plans (CIPs)

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2. Location of the problemProvide a polygon outlining the area where the

stormwater needs are located or

If the stormwater plan is municipality-wide, select the appropriate town(s) from the provided list (based on primary county)

For category VI-B only: a single point

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3. Solution(s) to the problemTraditional Conveyance

Pipes, inlets, road side ditchesTraditional Treatment

Wet ponds, dry ponds, manufactured devicesGreen Infrastructure/ LID

Bioretention, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, rain gardens, etc

General Stormwater ManagementPlanning, GIS systems, tracking systems, education,

equipment (street sweepers)

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3. Solution(s) to the problemMenu of BMPs

www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmpsProvides factsheets illustrating ways municipalities can

meet six minimum control measuresHundreds of fact sheets covering:

Public outreach Public participation Illicit Discharge Construction Post-construction Municipal operations

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4. The cost for each solutionThe cost to implement the BMPs Cannot include O & M costs in documented needs

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5. The basis of the costThe source of the cost data.

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DOCUMENT TYPE

DOCUMENT NAME

PERCENT OF TOTAL 2004 STORMWATER NEEDS

PERCENT OF TOTAL 2008 STORMWATER NEEDS

99 EPA-HQ Approved 45 %

20 Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) 74% 27%

06State-Approved Area-wide or Regional Basin Plan

5%16%

08 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) 3%32 CSO Long-Term Control Plan (LTCP) 2%

60Municipal Storm Water Management Plan

5%2%

01 Intended Use Plan 1% 1%40 Watershed Management Plans 1%21 Facility Plan 12% 1%03 CWSRF Loan Applications 2% 0.5%23 Final Engineer's Estimate 1% 0.2%

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Costs from Comparable Practices (Doc Type 05)Cost must be based on at least 3 bid or completed

projects that are:Recent: within the last two years.Similar in size, scope, and geographic area.

Size: plus or minus 25 percent. Generally in the same county or watershed.

Must be pre-approved by EPA headquarters

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6. The total costThe total cost of all stormwater needs documented for

the facility must be provided.

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7. Current Documentation>$30 Million: January 1, 2006.<$30 Million: January 1, 2002.

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Minnesota

Innovative Methods from 2008Minnesota established a per-acre stormwater rate

according to the responses to their Stormwater Infrastructure Needs Survey (SWINS)

32 (of 209) communities provided cost estimates for future stormwater infrastructure needs

Developed average annual per acre rate for stormwater management

Applied to the all MS4 communities

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Ohio

Innovative Methods from 2008

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Ohio conducted a survey of all the MS4s in the stateIncluded cover letter to convey importance of submitting

information Historically, stormwater needs have been an underreported category. While there are

more than 260 municipal stormwater permittees in Ohio, stormwater infrastructure projects accounted for less than 1/10th of one percent of all reported needs in Ohio in 2004. This year, in an attempt to highlight its importance, stormwater needs are being surveyed independent of wastewater, which will be surveyed soon. If you are planning future stormwater projects, such as installing or repairing pipes and inlets; building wet ponds, bioretention areas, or swales; or purchasing equipment such as street sweepers and GIS systems, you should report these capital needs in the 2008 Needs Survey.

Used it to request information on projects and to gather documents

Ohio

Innovative Methods from 2008

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Ohio

Innovative Methods from 2008

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Lessons Learned in 2008Learn from the pastCommunication is key

Between state agenciesBetween state and local agenciesBetween states and EPA

Contact EPA as you are developing your methodology for pre-approval.The sooner the betterDeadline is March 30, 2012

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Stormwater Resources & ToolsEPA Stormwater Website (

www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater)Menu of Best Management Practices (BMPs)Measurable Goals GuidanceUrbanized Area MapsOutreach Materials (Stormwater Month)

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