Presented by VEETech, P.C. 942 Millbrook Avenue, STE # 6 Aiken, SC
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Transcript of Presented by VEETech, P.C. 942 Millbrook Avenue, STE # 6 Aiken, SC
Removal of Arsenic from Removal of Arsenic from Drinking Water using Hybrid Drinking Water using Hybrid
Ion Exchangers or HIX : A Ion Exchangers or HIX : A Prudent approach for Rural Prudent approach for Rural
Water UtilitiesWater Utilities
Presented Presented by by
VEETech, P.C. VEETech, P.C. 942 Millbrook Avenue, STE # 6942 Millbrook Avenue, STE # 6
Aiken, SC Aiken, SC
Effect of Arsenic in Drinking Effect of Arsenic in Drinking WaterWater
SourcesSources Natural Geochemical contamination through soil Natural Geochemical contamination through soil
leachingleaching Inorganic arsenic, which occurs as As(III) or As(V) Inorganic arsenic, which occurs as As(III) or As(V)
in drinking water, presents great threat to public in drinking water, presents great threat to public healthhealth
Exposure can causeExposure can cause Thickening and decoloration of skinThickening and decoloration of skin Nausea and DiarrheaNausea and Diarrhea Decreased production of blood vesselsDecreased production of blood vessels Skin cancer and tumors of the bladder, kidney, Skin cancer and tumors of the bladder, kidney,
liver and lungliver and lung
Illustration of a typical three-step procedure to Illustration of a typical three-step procedure to disperse both crystalline and amorphous HFO disperse both crystalline and amorphous HFO
nanoparticles inside the spherical polymer nanoparticles inside the spherical polymer beads to form Hybrid Ion Exchangers or HIXbeads to form Hybrid Ion Exchangers or HIX
Desirable Attributes of Fixed Desirable Attributes of Fixed Bed Sorbents (e.g., HIX) for Bed Sorbents (e.g., HIX) for
Arsenic RemovalArsenic Removal
Excellent Mechanical Strength and Attrition Excellent Mechanical Strength and Attrition Resistance Resistance Selective towards both As(III) and As(V)Selective towards both As(III) and As(V) Does not require pre or post treatment (e.g., pH)Does not require pre or post treatment (e.g., pH)
Desirable Attributes (contd…)Desirable Attributes (contd…)
Does not alter the electrolytic quality of treated waterDoes not alter the electrolytic quality of treated water Does not generate fines or pressure drops during long Does not generate fines or pressure drops during long
term column operationterm column operation Efficiency is not affected by the presence of high Efficiency is not affected by the presence of high
concentrations of silica, phosphate, or sulfate in water concentrations of silica, phosphate, or sulfate in water Can treat up to 40,000 bed volumes (BV) of water/cycleCan treat up to 40,000 bed volumes (BV) of water/cycle Can be regenerated up to 20 to 30 cycles of operationCan be regenerated up to 20 to 30 cycles of operation Can remove multiple contaminants such as Ra, U, and Can remove multiple contaminants such as Ra, U, and
perchlorate along with Arsenicperchlorate along with Arsenic
Typical Bench Scale Study: Typical Bench Scale Study: Arsenic(III) Effluent History for a Arsenic(III) Effluent History for a
column runcolumn run
0 1500 3000 4500 6000 7500 9000 10500 12000 13500 15000
Bed Volum es
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ars
enic
, g
/L
Experimental ParametersEm pty Bed C ontact T im e = 4 .5 m in
Influent SolutionAs(III) = 100 g/LSO 42- = 170 m g/L
C l- = 90 m g/LH C O 3- = 100 m g/LpH = 6 .2
M axim um C ontam inant Level (M C L)
Typical Bench Scale Study: Typical Bench Scale Study: Comparison of Arsenic and Silica Comparison of Arsenic and Silica
BreakthroughBreakthrough
0 1500 3000 4500 6000
B ed V olume
0.00
0.15
0.30
0.45
0.60
0.75
0.90
1.05
1.20
No
rma
lize
d C
on
cen
tra
tion
of A
rse
nic
an
d S
ilica
(C
/C0)
S iO 2
As(V)
In fluent: G roundw aterpH : 7.8As(V): 26 g/LS ilica: 33 m g/L
Experim enta l C onditionsEm pty Bed C ontact T im e: 3.8 m in
Typical Pilot Scale Study: Arsenic Typical Pilot Scale Study: Arsenic Effluent History at City of Effluent History at City of
Rosharon, TXRosharon, TX
0102030405060708090
100
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Bed Volumes
Ars
enic
ug/
l Inlet As: 27ug/lRun length: 14 daysFlow rate: 1.2 gpmColumn Dia: 3”Column Ht: 2’
Maximum contaminant level (MCL)
Typical Pilot Scale Study: Typical Pilot Scale Study: Arsenic Effluent History at City Arsenic Effluent History at City
of Andrews, TXof Andrews, TX
0102030405060708090
100
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Ars
en
ic u
g/l
Bed Volumes
Inlet As: 25ug/lRun length: 35 daysFlow rate: 0.2 gpmColumn Dia: 3”Column Ht: 2’
Maximum contaminant level (MCL)
Typical Fixed Bed Sorbent Typical Fixed Bed Sorbent (HIX) Based Arsenic Removal (HIX) Based Arsenic Removal
System for Rural Water UtilitiesSystem for Rural Water Utilities
AVAILABLE AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES/TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES/TREATMENT
METHODSMETHODSThe Technologies/Sorbents that are available in
the marketplace to remove arsenic from drinking
water are:
1. Granular Ferric Oxide (GFH)2. E33 Granular Ferric Oxide (GFO)3. G2 Ferric Oxide Treated Diatomite4. Apyron Aqua-Bind SP60
Most of the above sorbents lack Mechanical Strength
and require pre/post treatmentMost of the above media except HIX and G2 are
notRegenerable. HIX clearly stands out particularly
forsimultaneous removal of Arsenic and other co-
contaminants (U and Ra).
Typical Installed Cost for Fixed Typical Installed Cost for Fixed Bed SystemsBed Systems
PopulationPopulation Served Served
Service Flow Service Flow RateRate
Installed CostInstalled Cost
100100 7 gpm7 gpm $ 20 K$ 20 K
300300 20 gpm20 gpm $ 38 K$ 38 K
500500 35 gpm35 gpm $ 60 K$ 60 K
1,0001,000 70 gpm70 gpm $ 85 K$ 85 K
3,0003,000 200 gpm200 gpm $ 200 K$ 200 K
5,0005,000 350 gpm350 gpm $ 300 K$ 300 K
10,00010,000 700 gpm700 gpm $ 525 K$ 525 K
Typical Operating Cost for HIX Typical Operating Cost for HIX Fixed Bed SystemsFixed Bed Systems
Range of Inlet Arsenic Range of Inlet Arsenic ConcentrationConcentration
Cost/1000 gal of treated Cost/1000 gal of treated waterwater
15 to 30 ppb15 to 30 ppb 30 to 50 cents30 to 50 cents
31 to 60 ppb31 to 60 ppb 50 to 75 cents50 to 75 cents
61 to 100 ppb61 to 100 ppb 75 cents to $1.1075 cents to $1.10
Note: For inlet water containing Arsenic and other co-contaminants like Radium or Uranium, the operating cost for treatment is expected to increase in the range of 40% to 60%