Presented byPresented byMeenu ChopraMeenu Chopra

PGT GeographyPGT GeographyKV, 2 Ambala Cantt.KV, 2 Ambala Cantt.

HUMAN SETTLEMENT

A human settlement is defined A human settlement is defined as a place inhabited more or as a place inhabited more or less permanently.less permanently.

HUMAN SETTLEMENT

Classification of settlementsClassification of settlements

Based on residenceBased on residence- - RuralRuralUrbanUrban

Urban- main occupation –Urban- main occupation –secondary, tertiarysecondary, tertiary

Rural -main occupation-primaryRural -main occupation-primary

RURAL SETTLEMENTRURAL SETTLEMENTTypes of settlement by shapeTypes of settlement by shape

COMPACT/NUCLEATED COMPACT/NUCLEATED SETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT

These settlement are These settlement are those in which large no those in which large no of houses are built very of houses are built very close to each otherclose to each other

Such settlements Such settlements develop along river develop along river valleys and in fertile valleys and in fertile plainsplains

Communities are Communities are closely knit and share closely knit and share common occupationscommon occupations

DISPERSED DISPERSED SETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT

Houses are spaced far Houses are spaced far apart and often apart and often interspersed with fields.interspersed with fields.

Found in hills, plateaus Found in hills, plateaus and highlandsand highlands

A cultural feature such A cultural feature such as a place of worship or as a place of worship or market binds the market binds the settlement togethersettlement together

COMPACT COMPACT SETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT

DISPERSED SETTLEMENTDISPERSED SETTLEMENT

FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING LOCATION OF LOCATION OF SETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT

11 WATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY Settlements are Settlements are located near water located near water bodies such as bodies such as rivers, lakes and rivers, lakes and springsspringsAdvantages of water Advantages of water based(based(wet point wet point settlementsettlement))Water for cooking, Water for cooking, drinking, washingdrinking, washingWater for irrigation Water for irrigation of farm landof farm landFish can be caught Fish can be caught for dietfor dietNavigable Navigable river/lakes used for river/lakes used for transportation.transportation.

22 LANDLAND Located near fertile lands Located near fertile lands suitable for agriculturesuitable for agriculture

33 UPLANDUPLAND Uplands not prone to flooding was chosen to Uplands not prone to flooding was chosen to prevent damage to houses and loss of lifeprevent damage to houses and loss of life

In low lying river basins people settle on In low lying river basins people settle on terraces and levees (terraces and levees (dry pointsdry points))

In tropical countries houses on stilts in marshy In tropical countries houses on stilts in marshy lands(protect from flood, insects animal pests)lands(protect from flood, insects animal pests)

44 BUILDING BUILDING MATERIALMATERIAL

Availability of building material- Availability of building material- wood, stone is a advantagewood, stone is a advantage

Early villages built in forest Early villages built in forest clearings(plenty of wood)clearings(plenty of wood)

Loess areas of china-cave dwellingsLoess areas of china-cave dwellings African savanna-mud bricksAfrican savanna-mud bricks Eskimos(polar region)-ice blocks-Eskimos(polar region)-ice blocks-

igloosigloos

55 DEFENCEDEFENCE Villages built of defensive hills and Villages built of defensive hills and islandsislandsEg. Nigeria-upstanding inselbergs Eg. Nigeria-upstanding inselbergs formed good defensive sitesformed good defensive sites

66 PLANNED SETTLEMENTPLANNED SETTLEMENT Not chosen by villagers, constructed by Not chosen by villagers, constructed by governmentsgovernmentsEXAMPLESEXAMPLES 1. Scheme in villagisation in Ethiopia 1. Scheme in villagisation in Ethiopia 2.canal colonies in Indira Gandhi canal 2.canal colonies in Indira Gandhi canal command area in India.command area in India.

Rural settlement Rural settlement classificationclassification

On the basis of settingOn the basis of settingPlain villagesPlain villagesPlateau villagesPlateau villagesCoastal villagesCoastal villagesForest villagesForest villagesDesert villagesDesert villages

On the basis of functionOn the basis of function

Farming villagesFarming villages Fishermen’s villagesFishermen’s villages Lumberjack villagesLumberjack villages Pastoral villagesPastoral villages

On the basis of On the basis of forms/shapes of the forms/shapes of the

settlementsettlement Linear patternLinear pattern-- houses located along a houses located along a

road, railway line, river, canal, edge of a road, railway line, river, canal, edge of a valley or along a levee.valley or along a levee.

Rectangular patternRectangular pattern

found in plain areas or wide intermontane found in plain areas or wide intermontane valleys .roads are rectangular and cut each valleys .roads are rectangular and cut each other at right anglesother at right angles

Circular patternCircular pattern

Develop around lakes, tanks in villages or Develop around lakes, tanks in villages or central part open for keeping animals to central part open for keeping animals to protect them from wild animalsprotect them from wild animals

T shapedT shaped develop at tri junctions of roadsdevelop at tri junctions of roads

Y shapedY shaped two roads converge on the third onetwo roads converge on the third one

Cross Cross shaped/cruciformshaped/cruciform

develop on cross roads and houses extend in develop on cross roads and houses extend in all the four direction. all the four direction.

Double villageDouble village settlements extend on both sides of a river settlements extend on both sides of a river

where there is a bridge or ferrywhere there is a bridge or ferry

Star like patternStar like pattern-- where where several roads converge-houses several roads converge-houses

built along roadsbuilt along roads

Problems of rural settlementProblems of rural settlement

Supply of water not adequateSupply of water not adequate General absence of toilet and garbage disposal General absence of toilet and garbage disposal

facilitiesfacilities Houses made of mud, wood and thatch susceptible to Houses made of mud, wood and thatch susceptible to

damage during heavy rains and floodsdamage during heavy rains and floods Most house designs are typically deficient in proper Most house designs are typically deficient in proper

ventilationventilation Design of house includes the animal shed along with Design of house includes the animal shed along with

its fodder store within itits fodder store within it Unmetalled roads and lack of modern communication Unmetalled roads and lack of modern communication

networknetwork Inadequate health and educational infrastructureInadequate health and educational infrastructure

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