Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

MOTIVATION

1. DEFINITION.2. PROCESS OF MOTIVATON.3. KINDS OF MOTIVES

a) PRIMARYb) SECONDARYc) GENERAL

4. THEORIES OF MOTIVATON.a) MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORYb) ALDERFERS’ ERG THEORYc) HERZBERGS’ TWO FACTOR THEORY.d) ADAM’S EQUITY THEORY

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

MOTIVATION

“THE SET OF PROCESSES THAT AROUSE, DIRECT AND MAINTAIN HUMAN BEHAVIOR TOWARD ATTAINING

SOME GOAL”JERALD GREENBERG.

“MOTIVATION IS A PROCESS THAT STARTS WITH APHYSIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFICIENCY(NEED)THAT ACTIVATES A BEHAVIOR(DRIVE), THAT IS AIMED AT

A GOAL(INCENTIVE)”FRED LUTHANS

“MOTIVATION IS THE SET OF FORCES THAT LEAD PEOPLETO BEHAVE IN A PARTICULAR WAYS”

GRIFFIN

“THE PROCESSES THAT ACCOUNT FOR AN INDIVIDUALS’ INTENSITY, DIRECTION, & PERSISTEANCE OF EFFORT

TOWARD ATTAINING A GOAL”ROBBINS.

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

NEED WANT SATISFACTION CHAIN

TENSIOIN

ACTIONS

WHICHGIVE RISE

TO

GIVERISE TO

WANTSWHICHCAUSE

NEED

WHICHRESULT IN SATISFACTION

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

MOTIVES

SECONDARY MOTIVESLEARNEDNOT PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED

GENERAL MOTIVESUNLEARNEDNOT PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED

PRIMARY MOTIVESUNLEARNEDPHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED

1. POWER2. ACHIEVEMENT3. AFFILIATION 4. SECURITY 5. STATUS

1. HUNGER2. THIRST3. SLEEP

1. COMPETENCE2. CURIOSITY3. MANIPULATION 4. ACTIVITY 5. AFFECTION

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

EXAMPLES OF KEY SECONDARY NEEDS

NEED FOR AFFILIATION

BEING LIKED BY MANY PEOPLE BEING ACCEPTED AS PART OF A GROUP OR TEAM. WORKING WITH PEOPLE WHO ARE FRIENDLY AND COOPERATIVEMAINTAINING HARMONIOUS RELATIONSHIPS AND AVOIDING CONFLICTS PARTICIPATING IN PLEASANT SOCIAL ACTIVITIES

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT

DOING BETTER THAN COMPETITORS ATTAINING OR SURPASSING A DIFFICULT GOAL. SOLVING A COMPLEX PROBLEM CARRYING OUT A CHALLENGING ASSIGNMENTS SUCCESSFULLY. DEVELOPING A BETTER WAY TO DO SOMETHING

NEED FOR POWER INFLUENCING PEOPLE TO CHANGE THEIR ATTITUDES OR BEHAIVOR CONTROLLING PEOPLE AND ACTIVITIES BEING IN POSITION OF AUTHORITY OVER OTHERS GAINING CONTROL OVER INFORMATION AND RESOURCES. DEFEATING AN OPPONENT.

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

EXAMPLES OF KEY SECONDARY NEEDS

NEED FOR SECURITY

HAVING A SECURE JOB BEING PROTECTED AGAINST A LOSS OF INCOME OR ECONOMIC DISASTER HAVING PROTECTION AGAINST ILLNESS AND DISABILITY BEING PROTECTED AGAINST PHYSCIAL HARM. AVOIDING TASKS OR DECISIONS WITH A RISK OF FAILURE AND BLAME

NEED FOR STATUS HAVING A RIGHT CAR AND WEARING THE RIGHT CLOTHES WORKING FOR THE RIGHT COMAPNAY IN RIGHT JOB HAVING DEGREE FROM THE RIGHT UNIVERSITY HAVING EXTENSIVE PRIVILEGES

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

SECURITYNEEDS

BELONGINGNESSNEEDS

ESTEEMNEEDS

SELF-ACTUALIZATIONNEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICALNEEDS

PROGRESSIONSATISFACTION

SATISFACTION

PROGRESSIONSATISFACTION

PROGRESSIONSATISFACTION

PROGRESSIONSATISFACTION

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

BY PROVIDING A LEVEL OF PAY THAT ENABLES A PERSON TO BUY FOOD ANDCLOTHING AND HOUSING

NEEDS FOR FOOD, WATER&SHELTER THAT MUST BEMET FOR A PERSON TO SURVIVE

BY PROMOTING GOODINTERPERSONAL RELATIONS.COMPANY PICNICS, AND HOLIDAY PARTIES .

NEED FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION, AFFECTION,FREINDSHIP AND LOVE

BY GRANTING PROMOTIONS& RECOGNIZINGACCOMPLISHMENTS

THE NEEDS TO FEEL GOODABOUT ONESELF & ONE’SCAPABILITIES, TO BE RESPECTED BY OTHERS &TO RECEIVE RECOGNITION

BY GIVING PEOPLE THEOPPORTUNITY TO USETHEIR SKILLS & ABILITIESTO FULLEST EXTENT .

THE NEED TO REALIZE ONE’SFULL POTENTIAL AS A HUMAN BEING

JOB SECURITY, MEDICALBENEFITS, SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS

NEEDS FOR STABILITY,SECURITY AND SAFEENVIRONMENT

ESTEEMNEEDS

ESTEEMNEEDS

BELONGINGNESSNEEDS

BELONGINGNESSNEEDS

SAFETYNEEDS

SAFETYNEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICALNEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICALNEEDS

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

NEEDS

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

NEEDS

DESCRIPTION EXAMPLESNEEDS

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY

BY PROMOTING ENOUGHPAY TO PROVIDE FOR THEBASIC NECESSITIES OF LIFE& SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS

BASIC NEEDS FOR FOOD, WATER, CLOTHING, SHELTERAND SAFE ENVIRONMENT

BY PROMOTING GOODINTERPERSONAL RELATIONS.& BY PROVIDING ACCURATEFEEDBACK

THE NEEDS TO HAVE GOODINTERPERSONAL RELATIONS,TO SHARE THOUGHTS & FEELINGS AND TO HAVE OPENTWO-WAY COMMUNICATION

BY ALLOWING PEOPLE TOCONTINUALLY IMPROVETHEIR SKILLS & ABILITIES& ENGAGE IN MEANINGFULWORK.

THE NEEDS FOR SELF-DEVELOPMENT, CREATIVE& PRODUCTIVE WORK

RELATEDNESSNEEDS

RELATEDNESSNEEDS

EXISTENCENEEDS

EXISTENCENEEDS

GROWTH NEEDS

GROWTH NEEDS

DESCRIPTION EXAMPLESNEEDS

AS LOWER LEVEL NEEDS ARE SATISFIED, APERSON IS MOTIVATED TO SATISFY HIGH-LEVEL NEEDS, WHEN A PERSON IS UNABLE TO SATISFY HIGHER-LEVEL NEEDS(OR ISFRUSTRATED) MOTIVATION TO SATISFY LOWER-LEVEL NEEDS INCREASES

LOW LEVEL

HIGH LEVEL

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

HERZBERG TWO FACTOR THEORY

HERZBERGS’ VIEW

NO SATISFACTIONSATISFACTION

HERZBERGS’ VIEW

NO DISSATISFACTIONDISSATISFACTION

TRADITIONAL VIEW

DISSATISFACTIONSATISFACTION

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

HERZBERG TWO FACTOR THEORY

NO SATISFACTION/NO DISSATISFACTION

SATISFACTION

DISSATISFACTION

SUPERVISIONWORKING CONDITIONS

PAY JOB SECURITY

COMPANY POLICYINTERPERSONAL RE-

LATIONSHIP

DISSATISFIERSDISSATISFIERS

ACHIEVEMENTRECOGNITION

THE WORK ITSELFRESPONSIBILITY

ANDVANCEMENT/GROWTH

MOTIVATORSMOTIVATORS

Presented by: Jehanwash kareemNoman Saleem

ADAM’S EQUITY THEORY

EQUITABLEREWARD

MORE THANEQUITABLE REWARD

INEQUITABLEREWARD

DISSATISFACTIONREDUCED OUTPUTDEPARTURE FROM

ORGANIZATION

HARDER WORKDISCOUNT REWARD

CONTINUATIONAT SAME LEVEL

OF OUTPUT

BALANCE ORIMBALANCE

OF REWARDS