Presented by: Daniel F. Gemeny, P.E. LEED AP Cecilia E ...
Transcript of Presented by: Daniel F. Gemeny, P.E. LEED AP Cecilia E ...
Conference for Catholic Facility Managers (CCFM) is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of eg ste ed o de t e e ca st tute oArchitects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of completion for non-AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials methods and services will be addressed specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Copyright Materialspy g
This presentation is protected by US and p p yInternational copyright laws. Reproduction,
distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission ofpresentation without written permission of
the speaker is prohibited.
© Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc. 2010
Learning Objectives
• Participants will be able to:– Determine legally enforceable building and fire g y g
codes and standards that apply to an upcoming project which will allow them to avoid redesign costs and liabilitycosts and liability.
– Identify which recent changes to the nationally referenced building and fire codes and fire protection system standards that are significant to the building and facility types that are within their controlcontrol.
Learning Objectives (continued)
• Participants will be able to:– Determine the codes influence on the costs and
schedules of existing buildings that are being remodeled, upgraded, or expanded.Recognize and evaluate additional code options– Recognize and evaluate additional code options available to building owners and designers when remodeling or upgrading parts of a historical building.
Learning Objectives (continued)
• Participants will be able to:– Determine what type of systems will be best suited yp y
for their project using examples.– Research maintenance and testing requirements
to be able to inspect and ensure properto be able to inspect and ensure proper maintenance is being conducted by Contractors.
– Recognize significant improper fire protection g g p p psystem installation practices in facilities.
Code Fundamentals
• What Codes Apply to My Project?– Model Codes (International Code Congress (ICC)
and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA))– Adoption and Amendments
Edition– Edition• Who Enforces the Code Requirements?
Building Departments– Building Departments– Fire Departments– No Public EntityNo Public Entity
2009 International Building Code2009 International Building Code
• Key ChangesKey Changes– Construction
Means of Egress– Means of Egress– High Rise
• Stairs• Stairs• Elevators
ConstructionConstruction
Photo by TraveladventuresWainwright Building, Adler & Sullivan – Photo by Flikr
ConstructionConstruction
• Allowable height is reduced (Table 503)Allowable height is reduced (Table 503)
– By one story in Storage (S), Business (B) i f T IIB d IIIB t tioccupancies of Type IIB and IIIB construction
– By two stories in Mercantile (M) occupancies of Type IIB and IIIB constructionof Type IIB and IIIB construction
International Code Council; Copyright 2009
ConstructionConstruction
• All High-Rise BuildingsAll High Rise Buildings– Increased bond strength for
Sprayed Fire-Resistant Materials (SFRM)Sprayed Fire Resistant Materials (SFRM) (§403.2.4)
HEIGHT OF BUILDING SFRMMIN. BOND STRENGTH
Up to 420 feet (128 m) 430 psf (20.6 kW/m2)
Greater than 420 feet (128 m) 1,000 psf (47.9 kW/m2)
ConstructionConstruction
• Changes applicable to high-riseChanges applicable to high rise structures > 420 ft (128 m)
No reductions in fire resistance– No reductions in fire-resistance rating of the building elements (§403.2.1.1)
– Structural integrity of exit and elevator hoistway enclosures (§403 2 3)(§403.2.3)
http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com; Copyright 2009
Means of EgressMeans of Egress
Photo of Smokeview: Courtesy of RJA
Photo by Richard Bukowski
Photo of Exodus: Courtesy of RJA
Means of EgressE Width C it F t• Egress Width Capacity Factor (Table 1005.1)
Code EditionComponent 2006
(inch/occupant) 2009
(inch/occupant)
S i 0 2 0 3Stairway 0.2 (5.08 mm) 0.3 (7.62 mm)
Other egress 0.15 (3.81 mm) 0.2 (5.08 mm)
Assumes automatic sprinklersNo change for some non-sprinklered occupancies
Or Sprinklered H or I-2 occupancies
http://www.madcad.com; Photo: Roberto Adrian
Means of EgressMeans of Egress• Example
– 30,000 ft² (2,787 m²) sprinklered office floor– Occupant Load: 300
Component Code Edition
2006 2009(occupant) (occupant)
Stairway 220 146 Other egress 226 170Other egress 226 170
Microsoft Clip Art
Means of EgressMeans of Egress
• Areas of Refuge (AOR) Where SprinklersAreas of Refuge (AOR) Where Sprinklers are Installed (§1007.3.3 and §1007.4.2)
Elevators no longer required to have access– Elevators no longer required to have access from AOR or horizontal egress
– Stairways no longer required to contain AORsStairways no longer required to contain AORs
Means of EgressMeans of Egress• Approved luminous egress path markings
h ll b id d i G A B E I M dshall be provided in Groups A, B, E, I, M and R-1 buildings having occupied floors above 75 feet (22 8 m) (§1024 1)75 feet (22.8 m) (§1024.1)
• Egress path markings shall be provided in exit enclosures including:exit enclosures, including:– Vertical exit enclosures– Exit passagewaysp g y
http://www.madcad.com; Photo: Courtesy of Jalite Group
2009 International Fire Code
• Waste Containers 304.3.2
• Sprinkler Protected Overhangs 315 3 1Sprinkler Protected Overhangs 315.3.1
• Trained Crowd Managers 403.3
L kd Pl• Lockdown Plans 404.3.3
• Cooking Equipment 609.8
• Group E Sprinklers 903.2.3
Trained Crowd Managers
• Large assembly, buildings and events with more than 1000 people present.p p p
• Ratio of one manager per 250 people.• The FD can reduce the number of• The FD can reduce the number of
crowd managers required if the building is fully sprinkler protectedis fully sprinkler protected.
• See IFC Section 403.3
Lockdown Plans
• New IFC Section 404.3.1• Threat Management in Churches and g
Schools• Plan Approval by Fire Departmentpp y p
– Initiation– Accountabilityy– Recall– Communication and Coordination
NFPA 13 – Fire Sprinklers• Dry Pipe Sprinkler Air Maintenance Requirements• Sprinkler requirements revised to address ceiling
pockets which are defined under standard andpockets, which are defined under standard and extended coverage upright and pendent sprinkler sections; and their interrelationship
Sprinkler omission– Sprinkler omission– Pocket volumes– QRS sprinklersS i i P i i N M i L d f• Seismic Provisions – New Maximum Loads for CPVC, Copper, and Schedule 5 pipe
NFPA 72 – Fire Alarm
• Notification Tones for Hearing Impaired– Hearing Loss: Mild to Profound– Low Frequency Emitters
• Testing and Maintenance of EquipmentFactory Trained Certified or otherwise Licensed– Factory Trained, Certified, or otherwise Licensed
– FD can request proof of qualifications• Gas Detection (i.e. CO)( )• Mass Notification
Work in Existing Buildings
• Repairs• AdditionsAdditions• Alterations
Ch i U• Changes in Use and Occupancy
Building Additions
• Additions (IBC Section 3403)– New additions must meet current codeNew additions must meet current code
requirements– Does not impact existing building unless p g g
the addition creates a non-compliant or dangerous condition
Building Alterations
• Alterations (IBC Section 3404)• The work must meet current codeThe work must meet current code
requirements• Cannot create a new hazard to existing• Cannot create a new hazard to existing• Exceptions
– Stair pitch– Handrail extensions
Changes in Use and Occupancy
• Changes in Use (IBC Section 3408)• Triggers an upgrade to the current codeTriggers an upgrade to the current code
when the new use or occupancy is more hazardous to lifehazardous to life.– Office (B) to Classroom (E)
Storage (S) to Meeting Space (A)– Storage (S) to Meeting Space (A)• Exceptions in Historic Buildings
Historic Buildings
• Buildings must be listed on the National Register of Historic Places or eligible to be registeredregistered
• IBC Section 3411.9 is very open-ended• Existing Building Code (if adopted)• Existing Building Code (if adopted)
– Report is required• Hazard Evaluation• Document Compliance• Provide alternates when strict compliance is
not possible without impacting the historical character
Historic Buildings
• Fire Safety– Sprinkler retrofitSprinkler retrofit– Means of egress– Stairway enclosureStairway enclosure– One-hour walls– Exit Signs– Exit Signs
• Structural
Different Types of SystemsS t T S i kl• System Types – Sprinkler– Wet: Most common
Dry: Piping filled with air or nitrogen– Dry: Piping filled with air or nitrogen– Pre-action: Used in rooms where
property can be damaged by water. p p y g yFilled with air. Supplemental detection required.D l L titi f t– Deluge: Large quantities of water. Sprinklers are open. No water. Supplemental detection.pp
Fire Alarm• Assembly
– Voice notification > 1000– Sprinkler water-flow or smoke detection
• ResidentialResidential– Local smoke detectors in units– Horns and strobes in corridors or public spaces
S i kl t fl l ll– Sprinkler water-flow or manual pull• Office
– No fire alarm required except sprinkler water-flowq p p
TypesInitiating Detection Devices
Types– Smoke detector-early warning/quicker response– Manual fire alarm box (pull station)Manual fire alarm box (pull station)– Heat detection-one activated replacement
requiredrequired– Beam detection-covers larger area– Water-flow devicesWater flow devices
Triggers for Retrofit
• Fire sprinkler systems• Recalls• Major building renovations• Pipe deterioration-MIC
Omega Pendent
• Pipe Age• City Ordinance
Poz-Lok
Pipe Corrosion
Triggers for Retrofit
• Fire alarm• Major renovationsj• Change of occupancy/use• Equipment failure/obsolete
l t t 20 lifreplacement parts – 20 years life span
Geographical Differences inGeographical Differences in Design Options
• Fire Sprinklers– Weather exposureWeather exposure– Corrosive environment– Seismic (CA/MO)Seismic (CA/MO)
• Fire AlarmNone– None
Quality ControlFi S i kl• Fire Sprinklers– Sprinkler damage during installation– Sprinkler equipment used for installation– Zoning boundaries– Proper due diligence during sprinkler
renovation
Quality Control
• Fire Sprinklers– Proper use of materialProper use of material– Non-compliant installation– Sign identification large systemsSign identification large systems
Quality Control
• Fire Alarm– Commissioning Systems CorrectlyCommissioning Systems Correctly
• Sequence of Operation – above/below fire floor– Disregard of Proper Application-Beam g p pp
Pockets– Confirmation of Rational Analysis and y
Sequence of Operation
Delivery Method of Design
• Fire Sprinklers/Fire Alarm– Licensed Contractor/OwnerLicensed Contractor/Owner– Architect/Owner
• Obtains Contractor or Engineerg– Registered Engineer/Owner
• System Design and Coordination Responsibilityy g p y• Installation QA/QC
Project Management Support– Large projects
• Coordination– Difficult/Unique design projects
• Code compliant– Historic buildings
• Maintain originality– Multiple inspections throughout
i t ll tiinstallation• Pre-testing of FA• Project Delays• Project Delays
– C of O
Maintenance
• Fire Sprinklers/Fire Alarm– Code requirementsCode requirements
• IBC-NFPA 25-NFPA 72• State requirements• Local requirements
Site Issues• Sufficient Water and Pressure• Sufficient Water and Pressure
– Fire Hydrant Test (PSI & GPM)– Water Storage TankWater Storage Tank– Fire Pump
• Backflow Prevention Device– Dependent on local water company requirement
• Fire Department Connectionp– Dependent on flow requirement– Location requirements
Security Concepts • Balancing the mission of the facility with the risk• Balancing the mission of the facility with the risk
factors • Providing the opportunity of pro-active
hiownership • Crime Prevention Through Environmental
Design (CPTED)Design (CPTED)– Natural access control – Natural surveillance
Territorial reinforcement– Territorial reinforcement – Target hardening
Sec rit Reso rcesSecurity ResourcesWebsites:National Crime Prevention Council www ncpc orgNational Crime Prevention Council - www.ncpc.orgNational Crime Prevention Association - www.ncpc.org/programs/national-crime-prevention-associationInternational CPTED Association - www.CPTED.net (most larger, urban communities have locally based CPTED organizations)ASIS International, Crime Prevention Council - http://www.asisonline.org/councils/CRIM.xmlCrime Stoppers International - www.c-s-i.orgUS Department of Homeland Security - www.dhs.govUS Department of Justice - www.justice.gov
Publications:ASIS Facilities Physical Security Measures Guideline, 2009 Edition, ASIS Commission on Standards and Guidelines by ASIS InternationalNational Strategy for Homeland Security, Homeland Security Council (October 2007)C i P ti f H f W hi b Ch t L Q l CPP™ d P l L R tliffCrime Prevention for House of Worship by Chester L. Quarles, CPP™ and Paula L. RatliffCrime Prevention Through Environmental Design, 2nd Ed, by Timothy D. CroweSecurity Planning and Design: A Guide for Architects and Building Design Professionals, by The American Institute of Architects, Joseph A. Demkin (Editor)