Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012
-
Upload
neve-robbins -
Category
Documents
-
view
24 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012
![Page 1: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy Savings from Supplying Drinking Water at Two Pressure Levels - a Retrofit
in Las Delicias, El Salvador, EWB-MAP
Presented by Adam A. BrostowNovember 17, 2012
![Page 2: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Location
![Page 4: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Problem• Las Delicias has an existing drinking water system
that consists of a well, two pumps (submersible and booster), three storage tanks at elevation (one supplied by a spring), and gravity distribution system.
• The village experiences water shortage due to high electricity cost.
• Hoarding water leads to disease. Over 80% of children in the village have parasites which leads to school absenteeism.
• Standing water provides breeding ground for Dengue Fever mosquitoes.
![Page 5: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Solution• Our chapter (EWB-MAP) came up with a way
to supply about 30% more water for the same energy consumed.
• About 50% of the population lives below the elevation of ~250’ above the elevation of the well while the tanks are located over 400’ above the elevation of the well.
• The solution is to add another tank at an intermediate elevation and pump to two different pressures.
![Page 6: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hoarding Water
![Page 7: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A typical water system
![Page 8: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Critical Elevation Diagram, existing system
~ 2 3 0 '
S u b m e r s i b l e p u m p
w e l l
6 ' ' , 6 7 3 0 ' , 7 L B
B o o s t e r p u m p
g r a d ee l . 1 7 4 0 '
3 9 4 '
T a n k 1 ,e l . 2 3 1 0 '
T a n k 3 ,e l . 2 1 8 0 '
3 ' ' , 1 8 7 0 ' , 4 L B
4 ' ' , 1 7 4 0 ' , 4 L B
C r u z e r o ,e l . 1 9 9 5 '
2 5 5 '
2 . 5 ' ' , 3 6 1 0 ' , 7 L Bs p r i n g
1 8 5 '
T a n k 2 ,e l . 2 2 6 0 '
5 0 '1 3 0 '
![Page 9: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Idea explored: new tank plus pump
Good for grass-roots design. No space available. Electricity only reaches the existing pumps.
S u b m e r s i b l e p u m p
~ 2 3 0 '
C r u z e r o ,e l . 1 9 9 5 '
w e l l
B o o s t e r p u m p
g r a d ee l . 1 7 4 0 '
3 9 4 '
T a n k 3 ,e l . 2 1 8 0 '
T a n k 1 ,e l . 2 3 1 0 '
2 5 5 '
N e w T a n ks p r i n g
1 8 5 '
1 3 0 '5 0 '
T a n k 2 ,e l . 2 2 6 0 '
![Page 10: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Idea explored: another well at higher elevation
![Page 11: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Idea explored: pressurized system solution
S u b m e r s i b l e p u m p
B o o s t e r p u m p
~ 2 3 0 '
w e l l
L I C
V F D
r e c y c l e
g r a d ee l . 1 7 4 0 '
3 9 4 '
T a n k 1 ,e l . 2 3 1 0 '
2 6 0 '
P I C
C r u z e r o ,e l . 1 9 9 5 '
T a n k 3 ,e l . 2 1 8 0 '
1 8 5 '
1 3 0 '
Tanks 1 and 3 can still be filled by using a booster pump in the manner it is used now. During filling the lower elevations would get water at higher pressure. After Tanks 1 and 3 are full the isolation valves on the two supply lines are closed and the pump only pressurizes the distribution system at lower elevations. According to EWB Guidelines, a sustainable water distribution system uses gravity to drive the system and has been designed to offer a long service life with little to no maintenance.
![Page 12: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Idea explored: tank level control using a float valve
p u m p
P R V
W
H
o
t a n k w i t hf l o a t v a l v e
o p
o p '
There is a float valve in the tank that closes when the tank is full (like in a toilet). When the valve closes the pump gests back-pressured (the operating point goes up on the pump curve). There is a pressure switch high (PSH) on the pump’s electrical controls. It shuts down the pump when the discharge pressure exceeds a certain value. Such scheme completely eliminates the need for an electrical, phone, or radio signal from the tank. The water in the pipe itself conveys the information. The risk is overpressurization of the system.
![Page 13: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Critical Elevation Diagram , proposed system
S u b m e r s i b l e p u m p
~ 2 3 0 '
S o c c e r F i l e de l . ~ 1 9 9 5 '
w e l l
B o o s t e rp u m p
V F D
g r a d ee l . 1 7 4 0 '
3 9 4 '
T a n k 3 ,e l . 2 1 8 0 '
T a n k 1 ,e l . 2 3 1 0 '
2 5 5 '
N e w T a n ks p r i n g
1 8 5 '
1 3 0 '5 0 '
T a n k 2 ,e l . 2 2 6 0 '
![Page 14: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Proposed booster pump test
S u b m e r s i b l e p u m p
C i s t e r ne x i s t i n g
n e w
p o r t a b l eu l t r a s o n i c
B o o s t e r p u m p
o p e nn e w e x i s t i n g
![Page 15: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Modified booster pump test• The ultrasonic flow meter was not charged.• We ran the submersible pump (known flow) to
obtain the so-called strapping chart of the cistern (liquid level vs. volume stored). The cistern has a baffle in the middle but one does not have to know the exact geometry to use a strapping chart.
• We drained the cistern using the booster pump varying the discharge pressure to produce the characteristic (head vs. flow).
![Page 16: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Idea explored: liquid level indicator
i n d i c a t o r
t r a n s p a r e n t t u b e
f l o a t
![Page 17: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Idea explored: liquid level indicator
![Page 18: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Submersible pump
![Page 19: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Booster pump
![Page 20: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Submersible pump test
![Page 21: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Booster pump test
![Page 22: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Generic pump characteristics curve
![Page 23: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Challenge: pumping system• We have to be able to match the submersible
pump flow and the booster pump flow (they match now at high booster pump discharge head).
• If we run the booster at lower head (pumping to the new tank) the flow will increase. The energy consumed will decrease but (a) the cistern will run dry, (b) the efficiency will decrease.
• Bigger cistern takes care of (a) but not (b).• Solution: Variable Frequency Drive (VFD).
![Page 24: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pump characteristics curve - efficiency
R P M 2 < R P M 1
H
w
R P M 1
o p '
o p
8 5 %8 0 %
7 5 %
![Page 25: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Variable Frequency (Speed) Drive
![Page 26: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pump characteristics curve with a VFD
![Page 27: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Map of Las Delicias Water System
DOWNHILL
![Page 28: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
260 Homes Served by Tank 3
33 Homes Served
by Tank 2291 Homes Served by Tank 1
DOWNHILL
Map of current Las Delicias Water System from ADESCO with approx house locations indicated
![Page 29: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
117 Homes Served by Tan 3
33 Homes Served
by Tank 2
154 Homes Served by Tank 1
Proposed Water Distribution System
280 Homes Served by New Tank
DOWNHILL
![Page 30: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Map of Current Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
DOWNHILL
New 17,000 gallon tank Exisiting
11,000 gallon tank
![Page 31: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Challenge: supply/distribution tie-in points
• We have to tie in to the existing supply and distribution system.
• Part of the proposed path is covered with concrete which makes trenching difficult. Can we install the piping above ground? If we do, how can we protects it from the elements and vandalism?
• How to avoid damaging the existing buried pipe while installing the new one?
• How to best connect the distribution system from the two tanks.
![Page 32: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c
NEW DISTRIBUTIO
N
LINE 2a
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2bNEW TANK
A
B
C
D
E
F
DOWNHILL
1. Tank Construction2. Pipe connections3. Pipeline Plans4. Distribution of Work
![Page 33: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c
NEW DISTRIBUTIO
N
LINE 2a
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2bNEW TANK
A
B
C
D
E
F
DOWNHILL
1. Tank Construction2. Pipe connections3. Pipeline Plans4. Distribution of Work
![Page 34: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)
RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2bNEW TANK
A
B
C
D
E
F
DOWNHILL
![Page 35: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline PathArea of Connection to Tubo Madre
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 36: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 37: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 38: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 39: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 40: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 41: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 42: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 43: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 44: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Photos along Pipeline Path
NEW
SUP
PLY
LIN
E 1
NEW
DI
STRI
BUTI
ON
LI
NE
2b
NEW TANK
A
B
C
D
![Page 45: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
New Tank schematic
![Page 46: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
New Tank
![Page 47: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
New Tank
![Page 48: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
New Tank
![Page 49: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
New tank detail
![Page 50: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Possible distribution scheme
![Page 51: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Possible distribution scheme
![Page 52: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Conclusions• If different areas served by the same water
system are located at different elevations it is possible to save pumping energy by pumping to two (or more) different storage pressures.
• Multiple pumps and storage tanks at different elevations can be used in grass-roots design.
• One can just change the backpressure on the pump. The thing to watch for is the pump’s efficiency. A VFD can fix the problem.
• Additional savings come from time-of-day power cost and power factor (VFD takes care of the PF; otherwise, one can use capacitors).
![Page 53: Presented by Adam A. Brostow November 17 , 2012](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062422/568135c8550346895d9d2a50/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Thank You