Presentazione standard di PowerPoint - site.unibo.it · 1.3. Main innovations: - Aquaponics system...
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1. TOTAL CONCEPT
1.1. Project location
The area chosen for our project is Fantoni Farm, a farm on the outskirts of Bologna, owned by the
municipality since the late 80s. The Fantoni farm is located in the Pilastro district, in the North-East
quadrant of Bologna, born fifty years ago as a satellite district dedicated to the public residence in
a phase of strong immigration flows. Demographic analysis shows about 30% of residents are in a
state of inactivity and nowadays Pilastro represents the poorest area in Bologna (40% less than the
media). Functional analysis shows that the activities close to Fantoni operate mainly during the day;
meanwhile, in the evening hours, the area is isolated and not very connected to the city centre. to
the left of the fantoni there are two great realities, the FICO and the university of agraria of bologna.
1.2. Main aims
In our project we have decided to pursue different aims, environmental, social and economic, which
are however fundamental within a future development of our cities:
- Biotopes: we create five greenhouses where we will recreate the biotopes present in the
five continents. in every greenhouse there will be biotopes related to a continent: America,
Asiatic, European, African and Oceanic. with these biotopes we want to show the natural
beauty of those places and plants that many people cannot see. the plants in the biotopes
are plants that are not only beautiful but have an environmental or social utility. in addition,
we try to cultivate and take the utmost care of plants endangered or extinct in the habitat
of origin but that are protected in captivity. in addition to plants, a fundamental role will also
be given to fish, recreating many biotopes submerged in the most natural way possible.
within the greenhouses there will be a careful and specific path on sensitization to the
problems of pollution, climate change and the damage that man is doing to the relative
biotopes;
- Urban garden: with urban gardens we want to give the opportunity to people living near
Bologna to have a piece of land where they can grow what they want to have fresh
vegetables and fruits at kilometer 0 or for those who simply like to have a vegetable garden.
in addition, to families that produce more than they consume, they can sell their products
to the internal market;
- Educational gardens: are a series of areas where many plants are cultivated with many
different techniques, both in land and in greenhouses. they serve for two purposes:
1) production of vegetables to sell them in the internal market or used in the kitchen in the
restaurant or bar and sale of other products to increase the income of the project;
2) they will be accessible to visitors with guided tours, workshops or events where will
discuss numerous explanations and interesting insights on the world of agriculture and
environmental awareness.
- Another aim of the project is to create a space to promote the entrepreneurship of the social
community by creating job opportunities among the inhabitants of the area in economic
fragility and for students that need a simple job to support their studies. We choose to create
many services for the community that integrate economic and environmental benefits and
provide a model that can be replicated in other areas;
- With a student housing project we want to allow students of the University of Bologna to
live, study, research and relax in a modern space full of opportunities. The presence of
biotopes, areas for events and workshops, the possibility of creating a start-up incubator, a
time bank, urban gardens as well as giving job opportunities are also an opportunity to create
a place for social development and cohesion within a difficult neighbourhood;
- From an economic point of view, the aim is to create a model managed by associations,
cooperatives, partnerships and sponsors that through the production with innovative
systems, the on-site sales and other activities in the area can maintain a certain self-
sufficiency in management;
- We want to give great importance to a partnership with the university of bologna. to give
the opportunity to the students of the sector to be able to do internships and experimental
projects for theses and for doctoral students, researchers and professors to do research or
university projects. the partnership with the FICO will be guaranteed with an exchange of
visitors through mutual discounts on prices and the granting of their organic waste to use
them in the biodigester.
1.3. Main innovations:
- Aquaponics system is the integration of recirculating aquaculture and hydroponics in one
production system. In an aquaponic unit, water from the fish tank cycles through filters,
plant grow beds and then back to the fish. In the filters, the fish wastes are removed from
the water, first using a mechanical filter that removes the solid waste and then through a
biofilter that processes the dissolved wastes. The biofilter provides a location for bacteria to
convert ammonia, which is toxic for fish, into nitrate, a more accessible nutrient for plants
(nitrification). As the water (containing nitrate and other nutrients) travels through plant
grow beds the plants uptake these nutrients, and finally the water returns to the fish tank
purified. This process allows the fish, plants, and bacteria to thrive symbiotically and to work
together to create a healthy growing environment for each other, provided that the system
is properly balanced. In aquaponics, the aquaculture effluent is diverted through plant beds
and not released to the environment, while at the same time the nutrients for the plants are
supplied from a sustainable, cost-effective and non-chemical source. This integration
removes some of the unsustainable factors of running aquaculture and hydroponic systems
independently;
- Cultivation of spirulina: spirulina is a single-celled algae, called super food, because it
provides a high nutritional contribution and is easy to grow;
- Bioclimatic greenhouses: bioclimatic greenhouses will be built on the roof of the Fantoni
and the dormitories. these greenhouses serve not only to increase the building's livable
spaces, but also to improve the heating efficiency of the entire building and consequently
lower its heating costs. it works by exchanging heat between the greenhouse and the main
building;
- Out-of-soil cultivation: in our project we want to show and explain to visitors the main
aboveground techniques such as hydroponic and aeroponic techniques.
2. URBAN FARM DESIGN
2.1. Architectural aspects
Our project is based on the idea of returning part of the city's territory to the population. Through
the maintenance and recovery of existing structures, we want to create an attraction that brings
people back to the countryside and nature from the center of the city of Bologna. The new structure
of the Fantoni farm will host new functions: restaurant, cafeteria for students living in the area and
a café. The buildings that today are crumbling have been used for social housing. New structures
with bioclimatic greenhouses create modern and energetically optimized spaces, in order to
guarantee the best comfort in an environmentally friendly environment.
The greenhouse structures for the biotopes are modularly built (30mx10m) with a steel structure
and double glass sheets 2.5 mm thick, in order to guarantee and preserve the perfect environmental
and climatic conditions inside. with the same project, the 4 production greenhouses that are located
at the center of the project area have been created and are used for production with cutting-edge
technologies in the field of sustainability and ecological production. The square has been designed
to have different features: market square on holidays, playground and common area on weekdays.
For the urban gardens, 40 sqm, 20 sqm and 10 sqm modules have been designed, equipped with
structures made of a wooden frame and padding in ecopallet and electro-welded mesh.
2.2. Agricultural aspects
1. THEMATIC GREENHOUSES
In the project 5 greenhouses were dedicated to recreate the continents of our planet: America,
Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania, excluding Antarctica. Each greenhouse will be a biotope based
on the ecosystems belonging to the continent to which it is dedicated. A biotope means a limited
area of an environment where plant and animal organisms of the same species or different species
live. The species to be included in the greenhouses have been selected according to their
environmental needs, their distribution area and the aesthetic factor. An important attention was
paid to plants at risk of extinction or already extinct in their environment of origin but to preserve
in captivity, and to plants with a particular agronomic interest.
The greenhouses dedicated to the continents will be 330 m ^ 2, with a maximum height of 8 m
and a minimum of 6 m. As a construction material, glass was chosen to guarantee good brightness
and to limit heat dispersion.
The parameters of the greenhouses will be set as follows:
• America:
Temperature: Min. 20 ° C - Max 35 ° C
Humidity: 70/85%
• Europe:
The European greenhouse will be without a heating and cooling system, as it is suitable for
the Italian climate.
• Africa:
Temperature: Min. 25 ° C-Max 38/40 ° C
Humidity: 60/70%
• Asia:
Temperature: Min. 16/18 ° C-Max 35/38 ° C
Humidity: 65/75%
• Oceania:
Temperature: Min. 25 ° C-Max. 35 ° C
Humidity: 70/80%
The cultivation of plants will be managed by an ACQUAPONICA system. Within the greenhouse
there will be more aquaponics systems, that is, each aquarium or group of aquariums will irrigate
only one area, so as to ensure greater control of the parameters, and in case of problems and
infections, they will be circumscribed, without affecting the entire structure.
2. AQUAPONICS
As anticipated, an aquaponic cultivation system will be included in the greenhouses. The
aquaponics will allow us to recreate a symbiosis between the aquatics and the plants inside the
greenhouses. Specifically, the fish will release into the water ammonia and ammonium. This water
will be transported by pumps in a filtering system. The colonies of nitrifying microorganisms
placed in the filters will begin the conversion of these two elements into nitrites and nitrates,
which conversion will end once the water has reached the inert substrate of the plants, also home
to bacterial colonies. The nitrites and nitrates thus obtained will then be absorbed by the plants
thus obtaining a double effect. The elements absorbed by the plants will act as fertilizer for the
same, making them more vigorous and accelerating the phenological phases and the water,
deprived of these elements and then purified, can be reinserted in the aquariums ending the
aquaponic cycle. Within each greenhouse the total volume of the aquariums is 56000 liters
necessary to supply a 175 m ^ 2 cultivation area.
3. FISH
The selection of fish to be included in the aquaponics system was made taking into account the
needs of the fish, the affinity between the species, their availability, the particularity of the
species, the ease of breeding and reproduction in captivity. In each greenhouse it will be possible
to distinguish species and mixed aquariums, and the aquariums will be integrated with aquatic
plants related to the theme of the greenhouse. The goal is to recreate as much as possible the
original habitat of the species so as not to stress the fish.
3.1 AQUACULTURE
The aquaponics allows a double production. In addition to plant production, it allows a fish
production. In an attempt to make the structure as economically self-sufficient as possible, the
excess aquariums and aquarium plants will be destined both for direct sales in the market inside
the structure and for wholesale sales to specialized bodies.
4. PLANTS
The plants to be inserted in the greenhouse were chosen according to environmental needs, their
production (flower, fruit, vegetables, textiles, etc ...), height and risk to extinction. The intention is
to recreate a biotope as close as possible to the ecosystem of origin of the plants in question.
Some educational areas have been reserved in the park where it will be possible to take lessons or
organize agronomic workshops.
• Educational garden
• Production greenhouses
• Educational arboretum
URBAN GARDEN
In a surface of 6500 m2 we have divided into three types of plots that can be taken on loan for free
use by those who need it. The plots are 40 m2, 20 m2, 10 m2. In urban gardens we will use the time
bank.
DIDACTIC GARDEN (5000 square meters)
The surface has been divided into two sections characterized by production on the ground and
above ground. The first consists of a vegetable garden managed with various techniques for
information purposes. It illustrates the operation of different types of irrigation methods (from the
more traditional sprinkling to the more innovative drip irrigation), the utility of different defense
techniques (mulching, minitunnel) the importance of enhancing the biodiversity of agricultural
fields (through undersowing and intercropping). In the second, different soil cultivation techniques
are proposed in order to underline the importance that these can play in urban and domestic
environments. Through the use of mobile modules it is possible to learn to cultivate with basic
methods and easily applicable by everyone. Also related to this section are workshops to teach the
creation of simplified off-ground systems (small-sized girrafas pet) easily reproducible in urban
areas.
GREEN HOUSE PRODUCTION
There is an area where four dual purpose greenhouses have been designed, both productive and
educational. They have a surface of 200 square meters and differ according to the crops and the
techniques used in them: aromatic herbs, horticultural species, spirulina and reforestation.
GREENHOUSE OF AROMATIC HERBS
The selected cultures are listed in the attached which presents the most used species in the
culinary field aimed at the approach of the common people to the aromas and vegetable aromas.
The system presented in this sector uses ebb and flood on raised platforms above the ground. In
this system the pots with the plants are placed on the floor of the pallets that is a slope towards
the center, where the plants are fed by a Fertirrigation system that distributes the solution directly
on the plant at intervals of time.
GREENHOUSE OF HORTICOLTURAL SPECIES
In this greenhouse the chosen cultures are the traditional ones (eg. tomatoes, zucchini, lettuce,
etc.). The most used techniques are:
• FLOATING SYSTEM: the roots of the plants develop directly in the nutritive solution. If the
volume of the tanks is enough, it's not necessary to resort to the distress of the solution,
otherwise it comes blow air into the tanks through a compressor. It is a cycle cultivation
closed. The system involves the use of waterproof tanks, coated with plastic material, filled
with a nutritive solution complete with macro and microelements. In the tanks, on the
water (containing the nutrients) float containers of high density polystyrene cells, provided
with holes, which act as a support for the plants in cultivation;
• NFT: the system consists of a series of sloping channels on which the perforated jars are
inserted with the plants generally supported by rock wool or other inert material. in NFT
the nutrient solution is continuously flowing over the roots. This is accomplished using
gravity. The grow tray is placed at an angle to allow the water to flow down towards the
drain pipe, and a new solution is constantly being pumped into the high end of the tube. The
nutrient solution flows in a thin film over the roots, ensuring that they are watered and fed
but not completely soaked. The thin film ensures that the upper part of the roots will remain
dry and have access to oxygen in the air.
• AEROPONICS: aeroponic systems nourish plants with nothing more than nutrient-laden
mist. Aeroponics leaves the roots to dangle in the air, where they are periodically puffed by
specially-designed misting devices. In aeroponics systems, seeds are “planted” in pieces of
foam stuffed into tiny pots, which are exposed to light on one end and nutrient mist on the
other. The foam also holds the stem and root mass in place as the plants grow. The excess
of nutritive solution is recovered: it is a closed cycle system
• CULTIVATION ON THE SUBSTRATE: above-ground systems where a solid, inorganic
substrate (sand, gravel, perlite, rock wool, volcanic stones, etc.) or organic (peat, bark,
coconut fiber, rice husk, etc.), offers support to plants. The substrate also becomes a
reservoir of water and nutrients, thus mitigating any interruptions in the supply of water
and nutrients, and reduces temperature fluctuations at the root level. Substrates for off-
ground systems are currently available as both plates enclosed in plastic bags (eg. rock
wool, coconut fiber) or pre-packaged substrates in plastic bags (perlite, peat, coconut fiber)
or loose substrates placed directly in raceways, boxes or other containers
SPIRULINA
Spirulina is a single-celled alga native to Central America and Central Africa. Three species of
spirulina are cultivated: arthrospira platensis, arthrospira maxima and arthrospira fusiformis. For
growth and cultivation, it needs a temperature of 30/35 ° C and a pH of 10 with a high level of
dissolved mineral salts. Because it lives at high temperatures it needs a large concentration of
dissolved oxygen in water and a starter to start cultivation. To grow well and with a good speed
you have to give a lot of light, as a result lighter receives and more production increases. When the
spirulina concentration is high, the water gets a very dark green colour, you can collect it with very
small filters. The collected spirulina is dried, and you will get a powder or pellets that lend
themselves well for sale. It is called super food because it contains the highest level of proteins
60% dry weight, the full range of amino acids, complete range of vitamins B, high levels of vitamin
E and mineral salts (Fe, Mg, Ca). Useful for the nervous and immune system with high antioxidant
power and for those suffering from celiac disease and osteoporosis.
GROWING SPECIES ARBOREAL AUTOCHTHONOUS FOR REFORESTATION
We decided to grow tree species of the genera: quercus, acer, castanea, corilus, junglans,
carpinus, ostrya, populus, fagus, ulmus, alnus, prunus, salix, pinea, abies, picea, fraxinus. This idea
was born from the desire to reforest with indigenous plants and plant them in the area suitable for
their growth. We make contacts with public entity such as municipality and region and private
entity. The production cycle starts from potted seed, up to a plant of the right size to be
transplanted. They are grown in greenhouses to accelerate growth and protect them.
EDUCATIONAL HARBORETUM
The arboretum consists of a mix of native cultivars belonging to the Emilia Romagna region and
forgotten fruits used to underline once again the importance of biodiversity. With the advent of
industrialized agriculture, the ancient varieties of fruit cultivated at the local level were quickly
abandoned or set aside despite excellent resistance to the most common diseases. The loss of the
genetic heritage of ancient varieties also corresponds to the loss of a cultural heritage: the life
cycle of the plant was permeated by traditions and local customs that involved the whole of
society. The aim of the educational arboretum is therefore to return to entrust agriculture with a
multifunctional role, that is not only merely productive but also environmental, landscape,
recreational and cultural. Although they are less productive, their nutritional value is worse. The
maturation periods are differentiated during the season, thus enhancing temporal biodiversity.
3. CITY/DISCTRICT FUNCTIONALITY
3.1. Social and environmental value of the project
Our project aims to include people who are disadvantaged in the life of the city and to offer
opportunities for work and development. At the same time we want to allow students and people
to know the environment in which they live and live it on every level.
For some years now climate change has become a daily and alarming reality and if we do not
intervene suddenly, we will face a catastrophe. We must not underestimate the importance of
informing and sensitizing people: we decided to include in the project the reproduction of 5
biotopes to give people awareness of the complexity of the natural environment in which we live
and, through exhibitions and events, the damage caused by unprejudiced action of man. Inside
some educational gardens will be shown to people how to help the environment in everyday life
through recycling and alternative farming techniques with low environmental impact.
Furthermore, great importance is given to the rediscovery of traditional vegetable plant species: in
the last 80 years man has reduced the variety of agricultural production for economic reasons of
production and sale, but nowadays faced with the problems caused by climate change (ex. the
massive spread of parasites) a "reserve" of genetic diversity is needed to cope with crises. We
decided to use horticultural and fruit plants typical of the Bologna area to make them rediscover
to people.
URBAN GARDEN’S WORKSHOP
The educational part of the park has been conceived to host numerous workshops, guided tours
and events divided by difficulty level and age. The aims of these activities are manifold, from the
sensitization of the citizens on important issues such as the importance of safeguarding
biodiversity to more practical notions about garden management. We have decided to select the
following activities:
• Eco-sustainable and simplified hydroponics systems (with recycled materials)
• Pruning course & past and present breeding forms
• DIY mulch & compost
• Aquascaping
• Organic farming, biodynamic and synergistic vegetable garden
• Domestic aquaponics & aquarium management
• Useful insects in biological pest managment and the importance of urban ecological paths
• Simplified irrigation
• DIY greenhouses
• The seasonal nature of the crops
TIME BANK SYSTEMS
As for urban gardens we decided to manage them through the time bank system to encourage
cooperation and user-to-user interaction.
We could start by saying that it is a system in which people reciprocally exchange activities,
services, knowledge. Therefore defining them as: "free associations between people who organize
themselves and exchange time to help eachother especially in small daily needs". These are
"places in which the lost habits of mutual aid typical of good neighborly relations are recovered.
Or it extends to the previously unknown people the usual help that is exchanged between
members of the same family or groups of friends ".
Time banks are organized as lenders where transactions are based on the circulation of time,
rather than money.
SPONSOR
To make the project more sustainable we can ask for sponsorships from local companies close to
the park as for the ANUBIAS SRL company that produces aquarium and pond plants. All the
aquarium and pond plants that we will use will come from the ANUBIAS SRL company in exchange
for publicity.
PARTNERSHIP
These are relations that we can establish with other public figures, cooperatives, companies and
experts in the sector for facilitations, to create workshops, events and seminars.
- I.T.A.U .: italian aquascaper unión, are experts in the aquarium sector for the construction of
aquariums and their management, can make workshops and events.
- SOCIAL COOPERATIVES: we collaborate with social cooperatives to give work to those who need
it close to the jockeys;
- F.I.C.O .: discounts on prices and use of their organic waste for the biodigester.
- UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA: internships, thesis, research and projects with university students
and professors;
APPLICATIONS FOR SMARTPHONE
to improve the experience within the park and interactivity with what the customer expects, we
create a smartphone application that have the same things from the website. A fundamental point
for the creation of this application is the decrease in the use of signs and panels, which makes
everything more eco-sustainable and natural as possible. the application will be downloaded at
the park entrance. inside there will be a map of the park with descriptions and an agenda where
there will be written possible events, workshops and guided tours. the main functions of the
application in addition to those described above, will be the way to scan plants and QR codes.
these scans can be done throughout the park but especially in the greenhouses of the biotopes,
where the application will bring the customer into a natural and at the same time modern and
information-rich world. it will be enough simply to photograph the plant and all information will
be automatically displayed, while the QR codes will show additional information on the biotopes:
pollution, climate change and man's damage to the environment in the respective biotope.
WEBSITE
To give more visibility, improve the management of the park and the for the public, we want to
create a website. On the website there will be all the general information of the park (times,
agenda, contacts and address) and the map of the interactive park where the customer can click
on the specific area to interact with:
- The section of the thematic greenhouses will have general information and will give customers
the opportunity to buy tickets online and book guided tours;
- The section on urban gardens allows people to see the map of urban gardens and to see the
blocks of surfaces already occupied and those still free and through interaction with them can
send a request for reservation of the lot.
- In the section of educational gardens, you can see the various information about the crops, and
you can book guided tours, seminars, workshops and events.
- Interacting with the Fantoni restaurant, tables can be booked for lunch or dinner.
- In the section of the internal market you will enter the section of the online shop where you can
buy fruits, vegetables, processing products, plants and fish.
4. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
A photovoltaic system, also known as a Solar PV system, is an energy system that is designed to
transform the energy from the sun into electricity by means of photovoltaics, also known as solar
panels. This system is safe, reliable, low-maintenance, and provides green energy without on-site
pollution or emissions. Hence, by installing a photovoltaic system, you contribute to a greener
environment, and, what is more, you will be an owner of a more sustainable home.
It exist several types of photovoltaic system like polycristalline silice, monocrystalline silice and thin
film. We have decided to use a polycristalline silice panels in order to obtain high amount of power.
With this type of solution we 1 kw every 7-8 square meters.
We can install our panels in two main areas: above the green houses and parking. Over the green
houses we decided to cover about 20% of the total area of the roof. We have an area of 2300 square
meters, so cover area is 460 square meters that don’t create big problem a tour plants. In the parking
we have no problem of installation and the total area is about 6200 square meter. For this reason
we have decided to avoid the panels installation over the green houses to not create any problems
at the plants. Infact the plant system over the green houses respects of the parking is only 8%.
The cost to install the panel system is so high so for this reason we have to take an analysis of the
cost and of investiment. We see if we install a plant of 200 Kw after 6 years we reach the break-
even-point.
The area needed to have 200 kw is 4600 square meters and for this we solution is to install a panel
system of 200 Kw which have a cost approxatemely of 500.000 Euro.
Every years we can save about 22000 Euro and we can avoid the production of 122 tons of CO2.
PRODUCTION COSTS:
TREES: 360X15€=5400€
HEDGE: 200X10€=2000€
AQUARIUMS AND PUMPS: 50X15000=750000€
THEMATIC GREENHOUSES: 5X17000=85000€
PRUDACTIVE GREEHOUSE: 4X11600=46400€
TROPICAL FISHS: 6000X7=42000€
ANNUAL FISH FOOD: 180Kg X 130€7Kg=23400€
PLANT: 1200X15€=18000€
AQUATIC PLANTS: 1800X5€= 9000€
PHOTOVOLTAICS X 4600MQ= 500000€
ANNUAL WATER COSTS: 843750L X 0,0036€= 3037,5€
TOTAL: 1484237,5€
Costi
Alberi Siepi Acquari e pompe Serre tematiche
N° Elementi 360 200 50 5
prezzo a elemento 15 € 10 € 15000 17.000 €
totale 5400 2000 750000 85000
Serre produttive Pesci Cibo Pesci Annuo Piante
4 6000 180 1200
11.600 € 7 € 130 € 15 €
46400 42000 23400 18000
Piante acquatiche Fotovoltaico Acqua annuo
1800 4600 m² 843750
5 € 0,0036
9000 500000 3037,5
1484237,5
NOME VOLGARE NOME BOTANICO PARTE UTILIZZATA
Acetosa Rumex acetosa herba (germoglio/stelo), folium (foglia), radix(radice)
Alloro Laurus nobilis fructus (frutto), folium (foglia), aetheroleum (essenza/olio)
Aneto Anethum graveolens semen (semente)
Anice verde Pimpinella anisum fructus (frutto), aetheroleum (essenza/olio)
Assenzio Artemisia absynthium folium (foglia), flou (fiori)
Basilico Ocimum basilicum folium (foglia)
Borragine Borago officinalis semen (semente), oleum (olio)
Calendula officinale Calendula officinalis capitula (parte superiore della pianta), ligula, herba (germoglio/stelo)
Camomilla Matricaria chamomilla aetheroleum (essenza/olio), ligula, herba (germoglio/stelo), flos (fiore)
Cappero Capparis spinosa fructus (frutto), flos (fiore)
Cedrina Aloysia citriodora folium (foglia)
Cerfoglio Anthriscus cerefolium summitas c. floribus (sommità con fiori)
Consolida maggiore Symphytum officinale radix (radice)
Coriandolo Coriandrum sativum fructus (frutto)
Crescione Nasturtium officinale herba (germoglio/stelo)
Cumino Carum carvi fructus (frutto), aetheroleum (essenza/olio)
Curcuma alismatifolia Curcuma alismatifolia rhizoma (rizoma)
Dragoncello Artemisia dracunculus folium (foglia), herba c. floribus (erba con fiori)
Elicriso liquirizia Helichrysum italicum herba c. floribus (erba con fiori), summitas (sommità della pianta)
Erba cipollina Allium schoenoprasum herba (germoglio/stelo)
Erba luigia (Aloysia) Aloysia citrodora folium (foglia)
Erba stella Plantago coronopus folium (foglia)
NOME VOLGARE
Erbe aromatiche
�1
Finocchio selvatico Foeniculum vulgare fructus (frutto), aetheroleum (essenza/olio)
Gallega Galega officinalis folium (foglia), herba c. floribus (erba con fiori)
Issopo Hyssopus officinalis summitas (sommità), erba (germoglio/stelo)
Lavanda Lavandula angustifolia summitas c. floribus (sommità con fiori), flos (fiore), aetheroleum (essenza/olio), erba (germoglio/stelo)
Levistico Levisticum officinale fructus (frutto), folium (foglia), herba (germoglio/stelo), rhizoma (rizoma), radio (radice)
Liquirizia Glycyrrhiza glabra radix (radice)
Luppolo aromatico Humulus lupulus strobilus (strobilo)
Maggiorana Origanum majorana folium (foglia), flou (fiori)
Malva Malva sylvestris folium (foglia), flou (fiori)
Melissa Melissa officinalis folium (foglia), herba (germoglio/stelo), aetheroleum (essenza/olio)
Menta Mentha piperita aetheroleum (essenza/olio), folium (foglia), summitas (sommità pianta)
Mentuccia Mentha suaveolens aetheroleum (essenza/olio), folium (foglia), summitas (sommità pianta)
Origano Origanum vulgare aetheroleum (essenza/olio), folium (foglia), summitas (sommità pianta)
Peperoncino Capsicum annuum oleoresina (resine contenente oli volatili), fructus (frutto)
Perilla frutescens Perilla frutescens semen (semente), oleum (olio), folium (foglia)
Prezzemolo Petroselinum crispum folium (foglia), fructus (frutto), summitas (sommità della pianta), radix(radice)
Rafano Armoracia rusticana radix (radice)
Ricino Ricinus communis semen (semente), oleum (olio)
Rosa canina Rosa canina fructus (frutto), rosa pseudofructus, sùrculi (giovani getti)
Rosmarino Rosmarinus officinalis folium (foglia), aetheroleum (essenza/olio), sùrculi (giovani getti)
Rucola Eruca sativa herba (germoglio/stelo), folium (foglia)
NOME BOTANICO PARTE UTILIZZATANOME VOLGARE
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green house type 1 = 30 X 10 Hmax=8,00m Hmin=6,00m
green house type 2 = 20 X 10 Hmax=8,00m Hmin=6,00m
BOLOGNA
HEATING SYSTEM
N.B. The tables and graph reported on
this part are all in italian beacuse they
referred to italian test.
http://www.enea.it/it/seguici/pubblicaz
ioni/pdf-
volumi/V2014CertificatiBianchi.pdf
Green house 1 = 30m X 10m
Hmax=8,00m Hmin=6,00m
• Floor surface =300 m^2 (As)
• Lateral surface = 823 m^2 (Ac)
8000 euros for the
heating system of one
green houses of type 1
euros for heating system of
one green house of 30*10 m^2
Climatic zone of bologna Bologna = E
Internal temperature 20°C
Value = 426,6
Energetic costs= 426,6 [Kwh/m^2] * 300 [m^2] *
0,06 [Euro/Kwh] = 7600 euros
• Costs obtained through mathematical
calculations=7950 euros
• Costs obtained through the table= 7600 euros
• Percentual difference = (1-7600/7950) * 100= 4.4%
Comparing the costs obtained through mathematical
calculation with the values of the above table that indicates
the energy consumption for different internal temperatures
for a green house with glass cover
Assuming an average value between the two
costs we get 7775 euros.
Considering that the green houses are 4,
The total cost for the annual heating of 4 green
houses (30 * 10) is around 30,000 euros
• Costs obtained through mathematical calculations
=5400 euros
• Costs obtianed through table= 5150 euros
• Percentual difference = (1-5150/5400) * 100= 4.6%
green house TIPO 2 = 20 X 10
Hmax=6,30 Hmin=6,00
Assuming an average value between the two costs we get
5275 euros.
Considering that the green houses are 3,
The total annual heating cost of 4 green houses (20 * 10)
is around 16,000 euros
Calculated through Simulink programme
euros for heating system of
one green house of 20*10
So the total cost for
heating system is
about
30000+16000=46000
euros per year
Selected cooling system: Air conditioning with
reverse cycle heat pump
Cost per year for medium cooling with reverse cycle heat pump
414000 [Kwh / ha] * 0.18 [ha] * 0.06 [Euro / Kwh] = 4750 euros.
The calculation is valid for all green houses 4 of type 1 (30 * 10)
and 3 green houses of type 2 (20 * 10)
COOLYNG SYSTEM
The total cost for the coolyng system
is 4750 Euros per year
Approx cover of the roof of the green houses = 30*10 [m^2] * 5
[green houses] + 20*10 [m^2] * 4 [green houses] = 2300 [m^2]
Considering a coverage of 20% we get a coverage of 480 [m ^ 2]
Dividing the coverage 480 [m ^ 2] by 8 [m ^ 2] (the surface
through we obtain 1 Kw using photovoltaic panels with
polycrystalline silicon); hence 60 Kw.
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SYSTEM
We have decided to put the photovoltaic system only over the parking
cover in order to avoid any problems to the plants. The solution that we
apply is a system of 200 Kw. With this solution we cover a surface of
4700 square meter and we save about 22.000 euros per year avoiding
the production of 122 tons of CO2. We cover more surface respect of
the green houses because the roof of them is inclinated while the roof
of the parking is flat.
Surface covered
Energy produced
Euros saved
CO2 avoided