Introduction to Cloud Computing

Allahbaksh Mohammedali Asadullah

Infosys Labs, Infosys Ltd.

February 4, 2013

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What is Cloud Computing?

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Cloud Computing Defination

Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardwareand software) that are delivered as a service over a network(typically the Internet). The name comes from the use of acloud-shaped symbol as an abstraction for the complexinfrastructure it contains in system diagrams. Cloud computingentrusts remote services with a user’s data, software andcomputation. [Wiki]

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Why Cloud Computing

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Why Cloud Computing

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Some of the Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

I Platform as a service (PaaS)

I Software as a service (SaaS)

I Network as a service (NaaS)

I Storage as a service (STaaS)

I Security as a service (SECaaS)

I Data as a service (DaaS)

I Database as a service (DBaaS)

I Test environment as a service (TEaaS)

I API as a service (APIaaS)

I Integrated development environment as a service (IDEaaS)integration

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Popular Cloud Services

I Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)I Platform as a service (PaaS)I Software (Application) as a service (SaaS)

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Popular Cloud Service Providers

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Basic Cloud Characteristics

I On demand self services

I Broad network access

I Resource pooling

I Rapid elasticity

I Measured service

I Multi Tenacity (Multitenancy refers to a principle in softwarearchitecture where a single instance of the software runs on aserver, serving multiple client organizations (tenants).)

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Basic Cloud Characteristics

I On demand self services

I Broad network access

I Resource pooling

I Rapid elasticity

I Measured service

I Multi Tenacity (Multitenancy refers to a principle in softwarearchitecture where a single instance of the software runs on aserver, serving multiple client organizations (tenants).)

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Basic Cloud Characteristics

I On demand self services

I Broad network access

I Resource pooling

I Rapid elasticity

I Measured service

I Multi Tenacity (Multitenancy refers to a principle in softwarearchitecture where a single instance of the software runs on aserver, serving multiple client organizations (tenants).)

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Basic Cloud Characteristics

I On demand self services

I Broad network access

I Resource pooling

I Rapid elasticity

I Measured service

I Multi Tenacity (Multitenancy refers to a principle in softwarearchitecture where a single instance of the software runs on aserver, serving multiple client organizations (tenants).)

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Basic Cloud Characteristics

I On demand self services

I Broad network access

I Resource pooling

I Rapid elasticity

I Measured service

I Multi Tenacity (Multitenancy refers to a principle in softwarearchitecture where a single instance of the software runs on aserver, serving multiple client organizations (tenants).)

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Basic Cloud Characteristics

I On demand self services

I Broad network access

I Resource pooling

I Rapid elasticity

I Measured service

I Multi Tenacity (Multitenancy refers to a principle in softwarearchitecture where a single instance of the software runs on aserver, serving multiple client organizations (tenants).)

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Basic Cloud Characteristics

I On demand self services

I Broad network access

I Resource pooling

I Rapid elasticity

I Measured service

I Multi Tenacity (Multitenancy refers to a principle in softwarearchitecture where a single instance of the software runs on aserver, serving multiple client organizations (tenants).)

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Service Model Abstraction

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Some of Amazon Important Services

I Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) provides scalablevirtual private servers using Xen.

I Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) provides Web Servicebased storage.

I Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) provides persistentblock-level storage volumes for EC2.

I Amazon CloudFront, a content delivery network (CDN) fordistributing objects to so-called “edge locations” near therequester.

I Amazon CloudSearch provides basic full text search andindexing of textual content.

I Amazon DynamoDB provides a scalable, low-latency NoSQLonline Database Service.

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Some of Amazon Important Services

I Amazon Elastic MapReduce allows businesses, researchers,data analysts, and developers to easily and cheaply processvast amounts of data. It uses a hosted Hadoop frameworkrunning on the web-scale infrastructure of EC2 and AmazonS3.

I Amazon ElastiCache provides in-memory caching for webapplications (Amazon’s Memcached).

I Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) provides ascalable database server with MySQL and Oracle support.

I Amazon Route 53 provides a highly available and scalableDomain Name System (DNS) web service.

I Amazon Simple Email Service (SES) provides bulk andtransactional email sending.

I Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk) manages small units ofwork distributed among many humans.

I Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) creates a logicallyisolated set of Amazon EC2 instances which can be connectedto an existing network using a VPN connection. 30 / 70

Public Cloud Demo

AWS EC2, S3

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EC2

I Launch instances with a variety of operating systemsI Load OS with your custom application environment. Example

I Instance types : Large Instance (7.5 GB memory, 64-bitplatform)

I Operating Systems : Ubuntu LinuxI Application environment :Ruby on Rails

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EC2

I Launch instances with a variety of operating systemsI Load OS with your custom application environment. Example

I Instance types : Large Instance (7.5 GB memory, 64-bitplatform)

I Operating Systems : Ubuntu LinuxI Application environment :Ruby on Rails

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EC2

I Launch instances with a variety of operating systemsI Load OS with your custom application environment. Example

I Instance types : Large Instance (7.5 GB memory, 64-bitplatform)

I Operating Systems : Ubuntu LinuxI Application environment :Ruby on Rails

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EC2

I Launch instances with a variety of operating systemsI Load OS with your custom application environment. Example

I Instance types : Large Instance (7.5 GB memory, 64-bitplatform)

I Operating Systems : Ubuntu LinuxI Application environment :Ruby on Rails

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EBS

I Create storage volumes from 1 GB to 1 TB that can bemounted as devices by Amazon EC2 instances in same zone.

I Create a file system on top of Amazon EBS volumes.

I Now you can save the images in EBS

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S3

I Write, read, and delete objects containing from 1 byte to 5terabytes of data each.

I Each object is stored in a bucket and retrieved via a unique,developer-assigned key

I All images are usually stored in S3

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Private Cloud Component

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Virtualization

I A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of amachine (i.e., a computer) that executes programs like aphysical machine.

I A hypervisor provides a uniform abstraction of the underlyingphysical machine.

I Multiple VMs can execute simultaneously on a singlehypervisor.

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Virtualization

I A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of amachine (i.e., a computer) that executes programs like aphysical machine.

I A hypervisor provides a uniform abstraction of the underlyingphysical machine.

I Multiple VMs can execute simultaneously on a singlehypervisor.

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Virtualization

I A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of amachine (i.e., a computer) that executes programs like aphysical machine.

I A hypervisor provides a uniform abstraction of the underlyingphysical machine.

I Multiple VMs can execute simultaneously on a singlehypervisor.

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Virtualization

I A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of amachine (i.e., a computer) that executes programs like aphysical machine.

I A hypervisor provides a uniform abstraction of the underlyingphysical machine.

I Multiple VMs can execute simultaneously on a singlehypervisor.

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Types of Hypervisor

I Type 1: Bare Metal : Runs directly on Hardware. On topHypervisor the OS is loaded. Example Mircrosoft Hyper V,Citrix Xen Server,

I Type 2: Hosted : The Hypervisor runs on a guest OS.Example KVM.

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Types of Hypervisor

I Type 1: Bare Metal : Runs directly on Hardware. On topHypervisor the OS is loaded. Example Mircrosoft Hyper V,Citrix Xen Server,

I Type 2: Hosted : The Hypervisor runs on a guest OS.Example KVM.

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Types of Hypervisor

I Type 1: Bare Metal : Runs directly on Hardware. On topHypervisor the OS is loaded. Example Mircrosoft Hyper V,Citrix Xen Server,

I Type 2: Hosted : The Hypervisor runs on a guest OS.Example KVM.

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Hypervisor Contd..

I Eucalyptus deploys instances (i.e., virtual machines) on ahypervisor.

I Eucalyptus can use either Xen or KVM hypervisors.

I To interact with them, Eucalyptus employs libvirtvirtualization API.

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Cloud Engines

I Eucalyptus

I Open Stack

I Cloud Stack

I Nimbus

I Open Nebula

I HyperV

I VMWare

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Eucalyptus

Open source Linux-based software framework for theimplementation of private cloud computing on computer clusters.

Stable Release - 3.2

Private clouds give users immediate access to computing resourceshosted within an organization’s infrastructure

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Components of Eucalyptus

I Cloud Controller- CLC

I Walrus

I Storage controller - SC

I Cluster controller - CC

I Node controller - NC

*Each component is implemented as a stand-alone web service

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Advantages

I Each web service exposes a WSDL document containingoperations that the component can perform

I Secure communication between components because weleverage existing web services features like WS-Securitypolicies.

I Easy to Debug and Architect

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Compatibility with Amazon AWS

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Compatibility with Amazon AWS

I Eucalyptus implements the Amazon specification for EC2, S3,and EBS.

I Eucalyptus conforms to both the syntax and the semanticdefinition of the Amazon API and tool suite, with fewexceptions.

I Reuse your existing AWS-compatible tools and scripts tomanage your own private cloud

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Eucalyptus Block Diagram

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CLS

I Java program

I EC2-compatible SOAP and “Query” interfaces

I Web interface

I Executes on the front-end hostI It is a collection of web services

I Resource ServicesI Data ServicesI Interface Services

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CLC Block Diagram

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CLC Services

CLC Resource Services

I CLC has a detailed information:

I Availability of resources on various components like nodes usedfor provisioning the instances

I Usage of resources e.g., decision on which clusters will begiven for provisioning the instancesA

CLC Data Services

I Discover resource information (images and clusters)

I Manipulate keypairs, security groups applicable to VMs

CLC Interface Services

I Users can download cryptographic credentials needed to querythe system e.g., about available disk images

I Administrators can manage user accounts etc.

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CLC Services

CLC Resource Services

I CLC has a detailed information:

I Availability of resources on various components like nodes usedfor provisioning the instances

I Usage of resources e.g., decision on which clusters will begiven for provisioning the instancesA

CLC Data Services

I Discover resource information (images and clusters)

I Manipulate keypairs, security groups applicable to VMs

CLC Interface Services

I Users can download cryptographic credentials needed to querythe system e.g., about available disk images

I Administrators can manage user accounts etc.

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CLC Services

CLC Resource Services

I CLC has a detailed information:

I Availability of resources on various components like nodes usedfor provisioning the instances

I Usage of resources e.g., decision on which clusters will begiven for provisioning the instancesA

CLC Data Services

I Discover resource information (images and clusters)

I Manipulate keypairs, security groups applicable to VMs

CLC Interface Services

I Users can download cryptographic credentials needed to querythe system e.g., about available disk images

I Administrators can manage user accounts etc.

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SC

I Java program

I Functionality similar to Amazon’s EBS

I Executes on head node of the cluster

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CC

I C program

I Executes on head node of the cluster

I Schedules instance run requests to specific NCs

I Gathers information about NCs; calculates the no of instancesthat can run on NCs; reports this to CLC

*Head node is the m/c connected to the nodes as well as the CLC

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NC

I C program

I Executes on every node designated for hosting VM instancesI Answers all resource related queries from CC.

I No of coresI Size of memoryI Available disk spaceI Propagates this information to CC

I Receives requests from CC about VM and instruct Hypervisorto

I Boot the VMI Terminate the VM

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Advantage of Cloud Computing

I Reduced Software Costs

I Instant Updates

I Very Large Storage Capacity

I Increased Data Reliability (by replication)

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Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

I Security

I Increased OPEX

I Requires Internet Connection

I Requires connectivity

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