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Presented to : Ahmad SheikhResource Person and e-media specialist

Group members Sara akbar Sidra ashraf Misbah munir Ummama siddique Khadijha atriq Warda naveed

History of paper Paper making is one of the inventions by

Chinese. 105 A.D. is often cited as the year in

which papermaking was invented. The invention of paper was reported to

the Eastern Han Emperor Ho-di by Ts'ai Lun.

Recent archaeological investigations, however, place the actual invention of papermaking some 200 years earlier.

History of paper Ts'ai Lun broke the bark of a mulberry

tree into fibres and pounded them into a sheet.

Later it was discovered that the quality of paper could be much improved with the addition of rags hemp and old fish nets to the pulp.

Official history In ancient times writing was generally on

bamboo or on pieces of silk, which were then called ji.

But silk being expensive and bamboo heavy, these twitch materials were not convenient.

From this time paper has been in use everywhere and is called the "paper of Marquis Tsai."

History of paper In few years, the Chinese began to use

paper for writing. By 740 A.D., The first printed

newspaper was seen in China.

History of paper To the east, papermaking moved to Korea, where

production of paper began as early as the 6th century AD.

Pulp was prepared from the fibers of hemp rattan mulberry bamboo rice straw seaweed

According to tradition, a Korean monk named Don-cho brought papermaking to Japan by sharing his knowledge at the Imperial Palace in approximately AD 610.

History of paper We learned that paper was introduced to

Xinjiang area very early according to the archaeological records.

The paper found at Kaochang, Loulan, Kusha, Kotan, and Dunhuang sites

History of paper The technique eventually reached Tibet

around 650 A.D. and then to India after 645 A.D.

By the time Hsuan Tsang from China arrived to India in 671 A.D., paper was already widely used there.

History of paper For a long time the Chinese closely

guarded the secret of paper manufacture.

However in 751 A.D. the T'ang army was defeated by the Ottoman Turks at a mighty battle at the Talas River.

Some Chinese soldiers and paper makers were captured and brought to Samarkand.

Countries achievements about paper The Arabs learned the paper making from

the Chinese prisoners and built the first paper industry in Baghdad in 793 A.D. They, too, kept it a secret

Europeans did not learn how to make paper until several centuries later.

The Egyptians learned the paper making from the Arabs during the early 10th century.

Paper arrived in Northern Africa around 1100 A.D.

Countries achievements about paper By 1150 A.D. it arrived to Spain as a

result of the crusades and established the first paper industry in Europe.

In 1453 A.D. Johann Gutenberg invents the printing press.

The first paper industry in the North America was built in Philadelphia in 1690.

Importance of paper Paper holds a powerful and often

sacred place in the history of human interaction. We mark each milestone in life with birth certificates, marriage licenses, high school diplomas, photographs, diaries and scrapbooks preserve our collective memories for future generations and leave a permanent record of our time on Earth.

Importance of paper Historic papers continue to

inspire millions, centuries after they’ve been scribed. Paper ignites controversy in the form of literature and political proclamations. Paper certificates help define who we are, where we live, what we’ve learned and how we earn a living.

Importance of paper Paper is our currency, representing

trillions of dollars in stocks, bonds and bank notes. It’s fascinating to think that such a simple invention could have such a monumental impact upon civilization.

Above all else, paper creates an immediate and enduring connection between people and their past, present and future ambitions. That’s why we proudly celebrate the importance of paper

Importance of paper Paper has reinvented the way we

communicate, record history, and write down literature.

It is portable, smaller, and thinner, and has triggered the inventions.

It is also through paper that our capacity to communicate with our fellowmen improves.

It facilitates a clear communication line among men.

Importance of paper We were able to hone our

mathematical skills in paper. it allows us to go beyond

boundaries and reach greater heights when it comes to the advancement of modern computer and technology.

Paper has been traditionally used as a form of record keeping and to spread knowledge through writing

Importance of paper Paper allows us to build upon the

knowledge of our ancestors, making science and progress possible.

Paper also has more mundane uses, of course, for hygiene, as packing material, for wrapping objects, as tinder

preserving and disseminating human knowledge

Paper is… Paper is knowledge Paper is sustainable Paper is purposeful Paper is business Paper is effective Paper is efficient Paper is targeted

Paper is…. Paper is measurable Paper is flexible Paper is comfortable Paper is central to economic

growth Paper works with other medias Paper creates a stronger

communication

Invention of paper The invention of paper in our

history marks a milestone in every other progress and improvement known to man. It has been a fact that paper is commonly used for one as the blueprint of many of the world's best invention. Had we not invented paper then we might be still trapped in the Stone Age where we will be forced to inscribe our idea in tablets of stone and cave walls.

Invention of paper It is through the advent of

paper production and distribution that we become more civilized. Without paper we would not have scrolls or books, making the transfer of knowledge not only from one person to another but from one generation to another very difficult if not impossible

It is in this light that we can see the importance of paper in promoting and developing peace in our midst. Close your eyes for a moment and imagine a world without paper. It is then that you will truly understand its value and importance

The Birth of Papermaking Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon,

printing upon, drawing or for packaging. AD 105 is often cited as the year in which

papermaking was invented. Paper, and the pulp papermaking process, was said

to be developed in China during the early 2nd century AD by the Han court eunuch Cai Tun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China.

Whether or not Ts'ai Tun was the actual inventor of paper, he deserves the place of honor he has been given in Chinese history for his role in developing a material that revolutionized his country.

The Papermaker

This life-size statue, which stands in the center of the Paper Museum, is an adaptation of an illustration entitled "The Papermaker," which is believed to have first appeared in 1698 in the Book of Trades by Christopher Weigel.

Paper Making Processes There are three main process of

papermaking:1. chemical pulping processes2. Mechanical pulping3. Deinked pulp

Papermaking Spreads Throughout Asia From China, papermaking moved to Korea, where

production of paper began as early as the 6th century AD.

According to tradition, a Korean monk named Don-cho brought papermaking to Japan by sharing his knowledge at the Imperial Palace in approximately AD 610.

Taught by Chinese papermakers, Tibetans began to make their own paper as a replacement for their traditional writing materials.

Chinese papermakers also spread their craft into Central Asia and Persia, from which it was later introduced into India by traders.

The Spread of Papermaking in Europe From Samarkand, papermaking spread to Baghdad

in the 8th century AD and into Damascus, Egypt, and Morocco by the 10th century.

It took nearly 500 years for papermaking to reach Europe from Samarkand

Although the export of paper from the Middle East to Byzantium and other parts of Europe began in the 10th and 11th centuries, the craft was apparently not established in Spain and Italy until the 12th century.

Early paper was at first disfavored by the Christian world as a manifestation of Moslem culture, and a 1221 decree from Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II declared all official documents written on paper to be invalid

Paper Types Art Paper Used For Brochures,

calendars, magazine covers, magazine text.

Bible Paperused for printing bibles. Not suitable for pen and ink.

Fax Base PaperFor making Fax images

Book Paperused for the book text paper but also for book cover paper.

Cigarette SlideUsed for making of Cigarette Slides .

Cinema PosterUsed For printing Cinema posters, Wall papers

Diary PaperUsed for making of diaries and sometimes for book printing and other applications.

Flexible Carton BoardUsed for making Flexible Cartons.

Glassine Paper Used for food packaging’s and

other special wrapping applications.

Ice Cream CupUsed for making Ice Cream Cups.

Label PaperUsed for printing of labels in multi color.

Tea Bag PaperUsed for retail packing of tea.

Textile Tubes and ConesUsed for Laminates, tube making

Wall PaperCoated with multiple colors or floral designs.

Soap Wrapper Poster Used for Wrapping of Soaps.

Advantages of Paper Used for writing and printing. Used as Packaging material used as food ingredient. Used in industrial and construction

processes Use as money, bank note, cheque,

voucher and ticket.

Used for storing information Written records are not destroyed when

hard drives crash. You can access them without power Originals can be maintained Inexpensive compared to some forms of

electronic data storage

Environmental and financial advantages of paper

Saves forest Saves wildlife Saves money Saves water Reduces use of oil Saves electricity Reduces pollution Creates jobs

AgricultureSacks, seed packets

BuildingWallpaper, damp-proof courses, roofing, flooring, flame resistant papers, plasterboard, decorative laminates for furniture, abrasive base paper, decorative crepe paper, felt paper for vinyl floor covering.

BusinessComputer tapes, print-out sheets, advertisements, circulars, catalogues, filing systems, sales and service manuals, brochures, shop-till paper,

Money, Finance and SecurityMoney, insurance forms, cheque books, travellers' cheques, postal orders, cash bags, papers that contain special markings which are only visible when subjected to ultra-violet light, diazo paper, thermal paper

Office paperPhotocopying paper, graph papers, paper twine and string, blotting paper, carbonless paper, box files, folders, envelopes,

CarsFascia boards, door and roof liners, filters, the Highway Code

CommunicationWriting, typing, printing, envelopes, publishing,accounts, receipts, stamps, newspapers, magazines, greeting cards, calendars, diaries, telephone directories, embossing paper,

Domestic ProductsWrapping and boxes for cleaning materials, domestic tissues, paper plates and cups, kitchen towels, table napkins, lampshades.

EducationBooks, exercise books, instruction books, maps, wall-charts, report cards, Braille paper, stationery, stencil base paper, rice paper, pyroxylin coated paper for book cover, decorative,

Entertainment and SportMenu cards, paper hats, crackers, fireworks, programmes, playing cards, board games, kites, model aircraft, football coupons, race cards

Food PackagingWrapping for bread, flour, tea, sugar, butter, margarine, sweets, deep frozen food etc., milk cartons, egg boxes, foil wrappings, tea bags, sausage skins, cigarette paper, flexible packaging, twisting paper for candy wrap, paper cup, lace paper, tablecloth paper, metallized paper, molded boxes for egg tray, apple tray, etc.,

IdentificationGummed labels, identity cards, tamper-proof labels for supermarkets, release base paper

IndustryPresentation, wrapping, packaging and protection for all manufactured goods, transfer sheets for decorating chinaware, flame retardant paper, cores, paper tubes, fiber drum, composite cans, gypsum board liner, decalcomania paper for ceramic/glass, electrical insulation paper, condenser tissue paper, glass fiber paper for filtering process,

ElectricalSpecial insulating boards, electrolytic condenser paper, wrapping and identification for electrical cables, printed circuits, battery separators

FiltrationFilters for water air, coffee, medicine, beer, oil and for mechanical uses.

Impregnated PapersPolishing, waxing, cleaning.

Protective PapersGrease proof and corrosion-resistant products, sleeves for compact discs.

MedicalPackaging to keep instruments and equipment sterilized, bandages, plasters, clothing for nurses, face masks, surgeons' caps, disposable bed pans, sheets, pillowcases, medical packaging,

PersonalFacial and toilet tissue, towels, sanitary products, tableware, sheets, disposable nappies, confetti, carrier bags, gift wrapping, diapers,

PhotographicFilms, photographs, enlargements, mounts, lens cleaners, extrusion paper for photographic purpose,

Record keeping and other documentationLegal documents, birth, marriage and death certificates, wills, history, scientific data

TravelTickets, passports, maps, charts, luggage labels, timetables, fiber for suitcases.