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PRESENTED TO:

• Sir Usman Pervaiz

PRESENTED BY:

• Kamran Asad L1F12BSEE2076

DC MACHINE LAB

Topic: Wind Turbine

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Wind Turbine

• A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind ,into mechanical energy , also called wind energy; a process knownas wind power. If the mechanical energy is used to produce electricity, the device may be called a wind turbine or wind power plant

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H isto r y o f wind turb ine

• The first automatically operated wind turbine, built in Cleveland in 1887 by Charles F. Brush. It was 60 feet (18 m) tall, weighed 4 tons (3.6 metric tones) and powered a 12 kW generator.

• The first megawatt-capacity wind turbine in the USA, in 1941.

Parts of a Wind Turbine

Nacelle56 tons

Tower3 sections

Blade112’ long

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•Anemometer: Measures the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller. •Blades: Most turbines have either two or three blades. Wind blowing over the blades causes the blades to "lift" and rotate. •Brake: A disc brake, which can be applied mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergencies.

Part ofWind turbine

•Controller: The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at about 55 mph.

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Gear box: Gears connect the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase the rotational speeds from about 30 to 60 rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to 1800 rpm, the rotational speed required by most generators to produce electricity.Generator: Usually an Induction generator

Is used that produces 60-cycle AC electricity. High-speed shaft: Drives the generator. Low-speed shaft: The rotor turns the low-speed shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minute.

Part ofWind turbine

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•Nacelle: The nacelle placed at top the tower and contains the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Some nacelles are large enough for a helicopter to land •Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the wind to control the rotor speed and keep the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too low to produce electricity. •Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the rotor. •Tower: Towers are made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity

Part ofWind turbine

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•Wind direction: According to wind direction there is two types of turbine upwind or downwind turbine, upwind is operates facing into the wind and downwind turbine is facing away from the wind . •Wind vane: Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind. Yaw drive: Upwind turbines face into thewind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction changes. Downwind turbines don't require a yaw drive, the wind blows the rotor downwind. •Yaw motor: Powers the yaw drive

Part ofWind turbine

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Types of wind turbine

HAWT: Horizontal Axis VAWT: Vertical Axis

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How does it works??

• A wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity.

• Wind turbines can be used to produce electricity for a single home or building, or they can be connected to an electricity grid (shown here) for more widespread electricity distribution

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Types of Electricity Generating Windmills

Small (10 kW)• Homes• Farms• Remote Applications (e.g. water

pumping, telecom sites, ice making)

Large (250 kW - 2+MW)

• Central Station Wind Farms

• Distributed Power

Intermediate (10-250 kW)• Village Power• Hybrid Systems• Distributed

Power

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Suitable location

• To be considered a good location for wind energy, an area needs to have average annual wind speeds of at least 12 miles per hour.

• Brockport:– 14.5-15.7 mph (6.0-6.5 m/s)

• Offshore:– 16-20.1 mph (7.5-9 m/s)

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Advantages of Wind Power

• Wind turbines do not produce any waste, greenhouse gases, toxins or by-products that can harm the environment

• No air pollution• Wind farms can be built offshore • A good method of supplying

energy to remote areas • Land beneath wind turbines can

be used for farming and grazing. • Wind turbines require no fuel.

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Disadvantage of Wind turbine

• Cost high.• Wind turbines are noisy.• Usually large and clear location is used for wind

turbine.• High maintenance.• Power density is very low.• Needs a very large number of wind mills to produce

modest amounts of power.• Harm for birds.

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Transmission

• A group of wind turbines can make electricity for the utility grid.

• The electricity is sent through transmission and distribution lines to homes, businesses, schools, and so on.

Large Wind Turbines

• 450’ base to blade• Each blade 112’• Span greater than 747• 163+ tons total• Foundation 20+ feet

deep• Rated at 1.5 – 5

megawatt• Supply at least 350

homes

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Information

• Efficiency varies by machine~ 40% of wind collected will be turned into electricity

• The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from the sun

• About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind energy (which is about 50-100 times more than the energy converted to biomass by all plants on earth

• Pakistan is developing wind power plants in Jhimpir, Bin Qasim , Keti Bandar and Gharo  in Sindh.

• At 15° Celsius air weighs about 1.225 kg per cubic meter, but the density decreases slightly with increasing humidity.

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Wind Turbines (flights of fancy)

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