Presentation1 of lucture of friday20 08-10 final
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Transcript of Presentation1 of lucture of friday20 08-10 final
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Organizational Behavior
by Khurram Wasim Khan
Introduction
Importance
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OB is the study of individual behavior and
group dynamics in organization settings
Define Organizational Behavior
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Why Study OB?
Satisfy the need to understand and predict Helps us to test personal theories Influence behavior – get things done OB improves an organization’s financial
health OB is for everyone
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What is organizational behaviorand why is it important?
Organizational Behavior
Study of individuals and groups in organizations.
Emphasizes high performance organizations.
Occurs in a global context. Dimensions of individual and group
behavior. Nature of organizations. Core processes.
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What is organizational behaviorand why is it important?
Organizational behavior and diversity. Workforce diversity is the presence of
differences based on: Gender. Race and ethnicity. Age. Abel-bodiedness. Sexual orientation.
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Organizational behavior and diversity — cont. Valuing diversity is a core OB theme.
Interpersonal and cultural sensitivity.
Glass ceiling effect.Women and minorities as managers and
executives.Earnings of women and minorities.
Organizational behavior and diversity — cont.
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How do we learn aboutorganizational behavior?
Organizational behavior and the learning imperative. Organizational learning is the process of
acquiring knowledge and utilizing information to adapt successfully to changing circumstances.
Necessity of life-long learning.
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Insert Figure 1.1 here
What is Organizational Behavior?
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Levels of Analysis
Group Level
Individual Level
Organizational Level
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Components of Organizational Behavior
Understanding organizational behavior
requires studying
Individuals in Organizations
Group and Team Processes
Organizational Processes
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What are organizationslike as work settings?
Purpose, mission, and strategies.
Core purpose of an organization. Mission and vision. Mission statements.
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What are organizationslike as work settings?
People and work systems. Intellectual capital
The sum total of knowledge, expertise, and dedication of an organization’s workforce.
Human resources. Material resources.
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Old Perspective ofOrganizational Effectiveness
Goal oriented -- Effective firms achieve their stated objectives
No longer accepted as indicator of org effectiveness Could set easy goals Some goals too abstract
to evaluate Company might achieve
wrong goals
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Organizational Learning Perspective
An organization’s capacity to acquire, share, use, and store valuable knowledge
Need to consider both stock and flow of knowledgeStock: intellectual capitalFlow: org learning processes of
acquisition, sharing, and use
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Learning Motivation Personality Emotion Perception Training Leadership Effectiveness Job Satisfaction Individual decision making Performance appraisalAttitude measurement Employee Selection Work design Work stress
Psychology Individuals
The Science that seeks to measures, explain and sometime change the behavior of humans and other animals.
Psychology
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Sociology “The study of people in relation to their
fellow human beings”
Group Dynamics Work teams CommunicationPower Conflict Inter-group behavior
Organization System
Sociology
Former Organization theory Organizational technology Organizational changes Organizational culture
Group
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Social Sociology
An area with in psychology that blends concepts from the psychology and Sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.
Social psychology
Behavior Change Attitude Change Communication Group processesGroup decision making
Group
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Anthropology The Society of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
Comparative Value Comparative attitudes Cross-culture analysis
Group
Anthropology
Organizational Culture Organizational environment
Organization System
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Political Sciences
The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.
Political Science
Conflict Intra-organizational Politics Power
Organizational System
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Define Psychology
The Science that seeks to measures, explain and sometime change the behavior of humans and other animals.
Psychology
Sociology
Social Psychology
Anthropology
Political Science
Organization
Group
Individual
Study of Organizational
Behavior
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Organizational Learning: Managers seek to improve member’s ability to understand the organization and environment so as to raise effectiveness.
The learning organization: managers try to improve the people’s ability to behave creatively to maximize organizational learning
Creativity: is the ability of the decision maker to discover novel ideas leading to a feasible course of action.
A creative management staff and employees are the key to the learning organization
Organizational Learning & Creativity
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Senge suggests top managers follow several steps to build in learning:
Personal Mastery: managers empower employees and allow them to create and explore.
Mental Models: challenge employees to find new, better methods to perform a task.
Team Learning: is more important than individual learning since most decisions are made in groups.
Build a Shared Vision: a people share a common mental model of the firm to evaluate opportunities.
Systems Thinking: know that actions in one area of the firm impacts all others.
Creating a Learning Organization
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Individual Creativity
Organizations can build an environment supportive of creativity. Many of these issues are the same as for the learning
organization. Managers must provide employees with the ability to take
risks. If people take risks, they will occasionally fail.
Thus, to build creativity, periodic failures must be rewarded. This idea is hard to accept for some managers.
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Building Group Creativity
Brainstorming: group members introduce all possible solutions before evaluating any of them
Four main rules of brainstorming: avoid criticizing others’ ideas share even wild suggestions offer as many suggestions and supportive comments as possible build on others’ suggestions
Production blocking: a potential problem with brainstorming Members cannot absorb all the information being presented during the
session and can forget their own alternatives
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Building Group CreativityNominal Group Technique: a group process where
members are a group in name only - do not attempt to agree as a group on any solution
Nominal Group Process: each member writes down his or her ideas ideas are presented orally and recorded for all to see ideas are discussed simultaneously for clarity members individually rank and secretly vote on each
proposed solution (idea) the idea with the most individual votes is accepted
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Building Group Creativity
Delphi Technique: a group process where members do not actually meet - usually very time-consuming
Delphi Technique Process: A problem is identified Facilitator asks experts for solutions Experts’ opinions are compiled and analyzed for common
factors Experts’ opinions are resubmitted for review of results and
request for opinions Process is continued until a consensus is reached
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Group Decision MakingAdvantages
Groups can accumulate more knowledge and facts
Groups have a broader perspective and consider more alternative solutions
Individuals who participate in the decision making process are more satisfied with the decisions and are more likely to support it
Group decision process serves an important communication function as well as a political function
Disadvantages
Groups often work more slowly than individuals
Group decisions involve considerable compromise which may lead to less than optimal decision
Groups are often dominated by one individual or a small clique, thereby negating many of the virtues of group procedures
Over-reliance on group decisions can inhibit management’s ability to act quickly and decisively when necessary
Groupthink –biased decision as striving for agreement