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GROUP 9PRESENTATION
BSED 1 (ST. Joseph)
Objectives:•To understand what is Rossi-Forel Scale and who are the 2 persons involved.•To be able to understand what will going to do during and after an earthquake. • Discuss some information's about Active and Inactive Volcanoes in the Philippines.• List the definititive characteristics that quality, certain Earth materials as minerals.•Demonstrate an understanding of the International System of Units.•To be able to understand measurements in both the English system of units and the SI (System International ) system of units.•To understanding a Weather Map is to understand the Weather Symbols that are used on the Map.
Cherry Grisola
ROSSI-FOREL SCALE
An arbitrary numerical scale of intensity of seismic
disturbances ranging from one for a barely perceptible
tremor to 10 for an earthquake of the highest
intensity.
Michele Stefano Conte de
Rossi and François-Alphonse Forel
The Rossi–Forel Scale was one of the first seismic scales to reflect
earthquake intensities. Developed by Michele Stefano Conte De
Rossi of Italy and François-Alphonse Forel of Switzerland in the late 18th century, it was used for about two decades until the introduction of
the Mercalli intensity scale in 1902.
The 1873 version of the Rossi–Forel Scale had 10 intensity levels:
• I. Micro seismic tremor
• II. Extremely feeble tremor
• III. Feeble tremor
• IV. Slight tremor
• V. Moderate tremor
• VI. Strong tremor
• VII. Very strong tremor
• VIII. Damaging tremor
• IX. Devastating tremor
• X. Extremely high intensity tremor
Richter Magnitude
Scale
The Richter magnitude scale (also Richter scale) assigns a magnitude
number to quantify the energy released by an earthquake. The Richter
scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale, which defines magnitude as the
logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of the seismic waves to an arbitrary,
minor amplitude.
Charles F. Richter
Charles F. Richter, renowned seismologist, is a professor emeritus of seismology at the
California Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. from Caltech in 1928. He is best known
to the public for the Richter magnitude scale and he is equally recognized in the scientific
community for his books Elementary Seismology and Seismicity of the
Earth (coauthored with B. Gutenberg, 1954). Dr. Richter is probably the only man in the world
who has a seismograph in his living room. Now 71, he retired from Caltech in July 1970.
Seismometers
Seismometers are instruments that measure motions of the ground,
including those of seismic waves generated
by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other seismic sources. Records of seismic waves allow seismologists to
map the interior of the Earth, and locate and measure the size of these
different sources.
GladysCunanan
How can Earthquake damage be reduced?
• In areas where earthquakes are likely, knowing where to build and how to build can help reduce injury, loss of life, and property damage during a quake. Knowing what to do when a quake strikes can also help prevent injuries and deaths.
What to do during an
Earthquake?
What to do immediately
after an Earthquake?
•Check yourself and others for injuries . •Check water , gas and electric lines for damage.•Turn on the radio . Don’t use the phone unless it’s an emergency.•Stay out of damage buildings.•Be careful around broken glass and debris.•Be careful of chimneys(they may fall on you)•Stay away from beaches.•Stay away from damage areas.•If you’re at school or work , follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge.•Expect aftershocks.
Elsa Magpantay
Top Ten(10) Most Active Volcanoes in
the Philippines
1.) Mount Mayon –Albay
Mount Mayon, one of the most impressive Philippine landmarks, with an elevation of 2,462 meters is the
most active volcano in the Philippines. Based on recorded history of the country, this almost perfect
cone volcano in Albay erupted at least 50 times from 1616 up to present.
One of the most remarkable and most devastating eruptions of Mount Mayon was its eruption in 1766
that erased the town of Cagsawa in the Philippine map. Only the bell tower of Cagsawa Church remained above
the new surface. Its last eruption was in January 2010.
2.) Taal Volcano- BatangasTaal Volcano, situated within Taal Lake, has
always been known to be one of the most active volcanoes in the country and in fact tagged as the world’s most active smallest volcano. This
volcano located in Batangas province had erupted 33 times from 1572 to present.
Its last eruption occurred in July 2009 and is currently closely monitored for its abnormal
activities which may result to another eruption of this small but very active volcano. It has an
elevation of 400 meters.
3.) Mount Kanlaon – Negros OrientalWith an elevation of 2.435 meters, one of the most active Philippine volcanoes is Mount Kanlaon or
Kanlaon Volcano. It had erupted at least 25 times already from 1886 up to
present. It last major eruption happened in 1996 and had been
permanently monitored since then,
4.) Mount Bulusan – SorsogonThis volcano with an elevation of
1,565 meters had erupted 15 times already from 1886 up to 2007. It has been closely monitored since
its last eruption in 2007. This active volcano is located in the so-called
“little Switzerland of the Philippines” – the province of
Sorsogon.
5.) Mount Makaturing – Lanao del Sur
Not as popular as the Taal and Mayon volcanoes but Mount Makaturing, one
of the ‘top ten highest mountains in the Philippines’, is also one of the most active volcanoes in the country. It has an elevation of 1,940 meters and had
erupted 10 times since 1882.
6. a) Musuan Volcano – BukidnonAnother not-so-famous volcano is
Musuan Volcano located in the province of Bukidnon. With an
elevation of 646 meters only, it is one of the most active volcanoes in the
Philippines and had erupted 8 times in a span of 21 years from 1866 to 1887. Its last threatening activity of strong seismic swarm occurred in 1976 but
has not erupted since then.
6. b) Mount Ragang – Lanao del SurMount Ragang in Lanao del Sur, which
is another tall mountain in the Philippines, is another active volcano
that had erupted 8 times and tied with Musuan Volcano as the countries 6th most active volcano. Its last recorded
eruption happened in 1916 or 94 years ago.
7. a) Didicas Volcano - CagayanOne of the smallest and most
active volcanoes in the Philippines is Dicicas Volcano located in Cagayan province.
With an elevation of 244 meters only it had already erupted 7 times from 1773 up to 1990.
7. b) Hibok-Hibok – CamiguinMount Hibok-Hibok, one of the most popular volcanoes in the Philippines, had already erupted 7 times since the
recorded history of the Philippines. With an elevation of 1,552 meters, this volcano’s first recorded eruption was in 1827 and the last was in 1952. It is tied
with Didicas as the 7th most active volcanoes in the Philippines.
8.) Smith Volcano – CagayanMount Smith in Cagayan
province with an elevation of 688 meters above sea level had
erupted 6 times already and the last known eruption of this active Philippine volcano was recorded
in 1924.
9. a) Babuyan Claro – CagayanBabuyan Claro, an active
volcano in Cagayan province, has an elevation of 1,080 meters above sea level. It
erupted in 1831, 1860, 1913 and its last eruption was in
1917.
9. b) Mount Banahaw – QuezonTied at 9th place as the most active
volcanoes in the Philippines is Mount Banahaw in Quezon
province. It has an elevation of 2,158 meters and had erupted 4 times since 1730 up to 1909. The
mountain is considered 'sacred' by the residents of the area.
10. a) Dequey Volcano – BatanesDequey Volcano, an underwater
volcano, is located in the smallest province of the Philippines –
Batanes. With an elevation of -24 meters above sea level, it has been
known to have erupted 3 times -1773, 1850 and 1854. It is
considered as Philippine most active undersea volcano.
10. b.) Mount Parker – CotabatoAnd for the last spot as the
Philippines most active volcanoes is Mount Parker, an active volcano
located in Cotabato. With an elevation of 1,824, its earliest
known recorded eruption occurred in 1800 BCE and its last major
eruption was in 1641.
Top Ten(10) In-Active
Volcanoes in the Philippines
1.)Mount AtimbiaMountain is drawn on the National
Geospatial Agency (NGA) Map. Mount Atimbia is located in the Laguna Area
of the Country of Philippines. The Mountain is located at the latitude and
longitude coordinates of 14.15 and 121.366389.
2.) Mount Bagacay- CamarinesNorte
Mount Bagacay is a mountain and is located in Province of
Camarines Norte, Bicol, Philippines. The elevation
above sea level is 787 metres.
3.) Mount Balikabok-Zambales
Balikabok is next to Mount Dangas and is located in Province of Zambales,
Central Luzon, Philippines
4.) Mount Bangcay-Nueva EcijaMount Bangcay is a 1,339 ft / 408 m mountain peak near
Paitan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Based on peakery data, it ranks as the 1439th highest mountain
in Philippines.
5.) Mount Batuan-SorsogonMount Batuan (Mount Batuan) is a mountain (class T - Hypsographic)
in Bicol (Sorsogon), Philippines (Asia) with the region font code of
Asia/Pacific. It is located at an elevation of 98 meters above sea
level.
6.) Mount Caraycaray-BiliranAn elevation standing high
above the surrounding area with small summit area,
steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more.
7.) Mount Mapula- LagunaMount Mapula is a hill and
is located in Province of Laguna, Calabarzon,
Philippines. The elevation above sea level is 209
metres.
8.) Mount Talomo-DavaoMt. Talomo is the guardian mountain
and volcanic edifice of the revered Mt. Apo, the highest mountain in the Philippines. Due to its prominence,
and on its own right one of the highest mountains in the Philippines,
Mt. Talomo is an emerging hiking
destination in Southern Mindanao.
9.) Mount Lobo- BatangasThere are three proximate, almost
interconnecting mountains in Southern Batangas, straddling the southern
coast of Luzon: from east to west, Mt. Daguldol, Mt. Lobo, and Mt.
Banoi. Locals actually refer to the entire mountainous area as Lobo,
further suggesting the unity of these peaks.
10.) Mount Makiling- LagunaMount Makiling, or Mount Maquiling, is
a dormant volcano in Laguna province on the island of Luzon, Philippines. The mountain rises to an elevation of 1,090 m (3,580 ft) above mean sea
level and is the highest feature of the Laguna Volcanic Field. The volcano has no recorded historic eruption
but volcanism is still evident through geothermal features like mud spring and hot springs. South of the mountain is the Makiling-Banahaw Geothermal Plant.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) classify the volcano as
potentially active.
MegReyes
10 Common Minerals of the
Earths Crust, their Uses and
Occurrences
BariumA heavy metal contained in barite. Used as a heavy additive in oil well
drilling; in the paper and rubber industries; as a filler or extender in cloth, ink and plastics products; in
radiography ("barium milkshake"); as a deoxidizer for copper; a sparkplug in
alloys; and in making expensive white pigments.
ChromiteThe U.S. consumes about 6 percent of
world chromite ore production in various forms of imported materials, such as
chromite ore, chromite chemicals, chromium ferroalloys, chromium metal and
stainless steel. Used as an alloy and in stainless and heat resisting steel products.
Used in chemical and metallurgical industries (chrome fixtures, etc
CobaltUsed primarily in super alloys for aircraft gas
turbine engines, in cemented carbides for cutting tools and wear-resistant applications, chemicals (paint dryers, catalysts, magnetic coatings) and
permanent magnets. The United States has cobalt resources in Minnesota, Alaska, California,
Idaho, Missouri, Montana and Oregon. Cobalt production comes principally from Congo, China, Canada, Russia, Australia and Zambia. The U.S.
was 78 percent import reliant in 2012.
CopperUsed in building construction, electric and
electronic products (cables and wires, switches, plumbing, heating);
transportation equipment; roofing; chemical and pharmaceutical machinery; and alloys (brass, bronze and beryllium
alloyed with copper are particularly vibration resistant); alloy castings;
electroplated protective coatings and undercoats for nickel, chromium, zinc, etc.
GoldUsed in jewelry and arts; dentistry and medicine; in medallions and coins; in
ingots as a store of value; for scientific and electronic instruments; as an
electrolyte in the electroplating industry. Mined in Alaska and several western states. Leading producers are China, Australia, United States, Russia and
Canada.
LeadUsed in lead-acid batteries, gasoline additives (now being eliminated) and tanks, and solders, seals or
bearing; used in electrical and electronic applications; TV tubes and glass, construction,
communications and protective coatings; in ballast or weights; ceramics or crystal glass; X-ray and
gamma radiation shielding; soundproofing material in construction industry; and ammunition.
Industrial type batteries are used as a source of uninterruptible power equipment for computer and telecommunications networks and mobile
power.
ManganeseOre is essential to iron and steel
production. Also used in the making of manganese ferroalloys.
Construction, machinery and transportation end uses account for
most U.S. consumption of manganese. Manganese ore has not
been produced in the U.S. since 1970.
NickelVital as an alloy to stainless steel; plays key role in the chemical and aerospace
industries. End uses were transportation, fabricated metal products, electrical equipment, petroleum and chemical industries, household appliances and
industrial machinery. Major producers are the Philippines, Indonesia, Russia,
Australia and Canada.
SulfurUsed in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, fertilizers, petroleum refining; and metal mining. Elemental sulfur and by product sulfuric acid were
produced in over 100 operations in 26 state and the Virgin Islands. The U.S., Canada, China and Germany
are major producers.
ZincOf the total zinc consumed in the U.S.,
about 55 percent was used in galvanizing, 21 percent in zinc-based
alloys, 16 percent in brass and bronze, and 8 percent in other uses. Zinc compounds and dust were used
principally by the agriculture, chemical, paint, and rubber industries.
Darlene Faye Noay
International System of
Units:
• A complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists;
fundamental quantities are length(meter) and
mass(kilogram) and time (second) and electric
current(ampere) and temperature (kelvin) and
amount of matter (mole) and luminous intensity (candela). The International
System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is
the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant system used in science, the SI is rapidly becoming the dominant measurement
system used in international commerce.
International System of Units
SI system of Units
• The SI system of units (often referred to as the metric system) is the official system for measurements in nearly all countries of the world, but not in US. As our society and economy become more global in scope’ it is increasingly important to fully comprehend both the English and the SI system of units and to accurately and conveniently convert from one system to another.
S/1 metric to English Conversion
Weather Map
Symbols
• Weather map symbols were created as a method of reporting meteorological data in mass quantities to weather analyzing agencies such as the National Weather Service. The symbols are a form of shorthand used when writing out the information longhand becomes difficult.