Presentation: Romania Agricultural Pollution Control Project [4th Global Nitrogen Conference]...
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Transcript of Presentation: Romania Agricultural Pollution Control Project [4th Global Nitrogen Conference]...
Agricultural Pollution Control Project
WBTF 050327- RO ROMANIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Project Management UnitStefan NICOLAU, PhD
Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist
The Governmentof Romania
Global EnvironmentFacility
The World Bank
Nitrogen 4th Conference, October 1–5, 2007 Costa do Sauipe, Bahia, Brazil
Country location into the Black Sea Basin
ROMANIA – GENERAL INFORMATION
Area: 238,392 km2
Population: 22.7 mil. inh.
Capital: Bucharest
No. of Counties: 42
Large Cities: 7
Communes: 2,686
Agricultural Land: 14.9 mil. ha
Forests: 6.4 mil. ha
International Waters(Danube River): 1.075 km
National Waters: 9,301 km
The data published by the ICPDR shows that Romania is an important contributor to the overall pollution of the Danube River with nutrients
from non point sources
Project Global Environmental Objectives
• The global environmental objective of the Project is to reduce, over the long-term, the discharge of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) into the Danube River and Black Sea through integrated land and water management of the Calarasi region and ecological rehabilitation of two agricultural polders.
Project Financing Sources
Total Project value: US$ 10.8 mil., out of which:
• US$ 5.15 mil. World Bank from GEF funds;• US$ 1.86 mil. Government of Romania;• US$ 0.29 mil. Calarasi County Council;• US$ 1.0 mil. From the Governmental “Agricultural
Support Services” Project;• US$ 2.50 mil. In kind contribution of the direct
beneficiaries.• US$ 0.16 mil. Parallel financing of the USAID
Cooperation with Other International Financed Projects
• Parallel financing for one supplemental pilot platform and manure management training, from funds granted by USAID;
• Cooperation with the WB assisted project “Agricultural Suport Services”, for a joint implementation of a Competitive Grant Scheme in Calarasi County;
• Close cooperation with the WB financed project “Rural Development”, implemented in Calarasi,
Project Components
Component 1 – Activities in Calarasi County (US$9.22 m)
a)At the County level, the APCP provded support for the CGS sub-projects awarded in Calarasi on environment-friendly agricultural practices (US$1.330 m)
b)In seven communes, comprising about 90,000 ha of land:–Manure management practices (US$5.20 m);–Testing/Demonstration of environmental friendly agricultural
practices (US$2.47 m);–Integrated management of the Boianu–Sticleanu polder (US$0.83
m) and ecological restoration of the Calarasi–Raul polder (US$0.26 m);–Strengthening the Capacity in Calarasi County to Monitor Soil and
Water Quality and Environmental Impacts (US$0.46 m);
Project Components
Component 2 – Strengthening National Policy and Regulatory Capacity (US$0.27 m)
Providing technical assistance and material support to the MEWM and MARD on:
– Application of the Nitrate Directive in the Romanian Agriculture;
– Preparing a Code of Good Agricultural Practices;
– Strengthening the capacity of NAEA to promote scientific organic farming and land use management.
Project Components
Component 3 – Public Awareness and Replication Strategy (US$0.45 m)
- Local level campaign – Calarasi County
- National Level campaign
- Regional replication
Component 4 – Project Management Unit (US$0.87 m)
Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:
At household level:
Inappropriate manure storage
Lack off or bad conditions of the concrete slab protecting the water well against direct infiltrations
Aggravating factors:
Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:
At commune level:
Inappropriate manure disposal
Identified sources of pollution with nutrients:
At commune level:
Inappropriate manure disposal
Grazing of animals on soil erosion prone areas
Large areas of slopped land draining into watercourses
Temporary housing of livestock near watercourses
Project Interventions
Four levels actions:I. Creating a minimum infrastructure for achieving visible
results at household and commune level;
II. Supporting local authorities to implement efficient systems for manure management;
III. Inducing changes in the current behaviors;
IV. Monitoring the soil and waters quality.
Project Interventions
At household levelIndividual Platforms
Plastic Bins for waste segregation
Project Interventions
At household level
At commune level
Reclamation of former unauthorized manure storages
Construction and operation of manure storage and composting facilities
Project Interventions
At commune level
Demonstrations of well head rehabilitation
Project Interventions
At commune level
Riparian Buffers with forest vegetation
Windbreaks, Shelterbelts
Inducing changes in current behaviors
Behavioral Changes
Manure management
Training
Technical assistance
Legal instruments
For manure management:
• Providing knowledge for manure management and its further use;
• Technical assistance for platforms operating;
• Support for creating legal instruments for assuring an efficient system for nutrients recovering.
Inducing changes in current behaviors
Inducing changes in current behaviors
• For extension consultants, mayors, commune officials and the village inhabitants:– Management of the waste at the household level;– The use of the household manure platform;– Use of the bins for the segregated house waste;– Deposition of the segregated waste at the commune’s platform;– The deposition of the recycling materials into the appropriate bunker.
• For extension consultants, mayors, commune officials and the site staff:– The benefits of the recycling of nutrients from the farmyard manure;– Management and administration of a manure storage facility;– Good Practices in storage and recycling nutrients;– Timing of application and preparation of application plans.
• For the equipment operating staff:– the use of the specific equipment;– Forming and moving the windrows of manure.
Inducing changes in current behaviors
Behavioral Changes
Manure managementEnvironmental friendly agr. practices
Training
Technical assistance
Legal instruments
Testing-demonstration program
Afforestation program
CGS
Public Awareness Campaign
Testing-demonstration program at local level
• Demonstration of good agricultural practices for farmers;
Weeds and pests control
Crop rotation
Green fertilizersSoil tillage
Nutrients management
Demonstrated practices
Testing-demonstration program at local level
• Demonstration of good agricultural practices for farmers;
• Wells head protection program;• Unauthorized platforms rehabilitation;
Testing-demonstration program at local level
• Demonstration of good agricultural practices for farmers;
• Wells head protection program;• Unauthorized platforms rehabilitation;• Support for local pastures rehabilitation;• Granting funds for organic farming sub-projects
on competitive basis.
Local afforestation program
• Targeted areas for afforestation:- sloped terrain, exposed to erosion and with low agricultural potential;
- unprotected water courses;- areas with swamping tendency;- eroded shores;- degraded lands with low agricultural potential;
• Types of interventions- windbreaks;- shelterbelts;- narrow vegetative barriers;- riparian buffers;- hedge rows and tree rows around manure platforms.
Local communities involvement for the afforestation programme – Al. Odobescu 2003
Watercourse area planted with willows, Polder Boianu-Sticleanu, Ciocanesti commune 2003
Water lodged area planted with tree in Boianu-Sticleanu Polder, Cuza Voda commune, 2003.
Water lodged area planted with tree in Boianu-Sticleanu Polder, Cuza Voda commune, 2004.
Trees planted area – Independenta commune, August 2002
Trees planted area – Independenta commune, August 2003
The same location, August 2004
Tree planted on the erosion-prone locations – Vlad Tepes commune
Local Public Awareness Campaign
Objectives:• Informing the population regarding the Project
and its objectives;• Dissemination of information regarding the
Project supported activities, inside and outside Project area;
• Public ecological education;• Targeted activities for sustaining Project
implementation.
Using existing events (Danube Day – Calarasi 2004)
Creating new events (Crop Festival – Valcelele 2004)
Creating new events (Crop Festival – Cuza Voda 2005)
Contests (planting contest – Cuza Voda 2003)
Flopi campaign-2004
Pictures extibition, 2003
Promotional materials
Project Interventions
At project area level:
A detailed water quality monitoring network
Rehabilitation of the water and soil quality monitoring laboratories
Measuring results of nutrient pollution control interventions
• Monitoring the nutrients concentration into the surface and ground water and review of eutrophical state of the surface waters at regular intervals.
• Use of indirect measurement methods.
Options:
Measuring nutrients concentration into the ground and surface waters
Strong points:– It shows the actual
quality of the ground and surface waters at designated measuring stations.
Weak points:– The existing sampling
stations could be not representative for project interventions.
– The frequency of measurements could not catch stochastic events as storm rains, snow melting or variable factors as fertilizers or manure applications.
– The trend of nutrient concentration does not reflect only the project interventions.
– It is expensive.
Nitrate concentration in Piezometers
Piezometer P5
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
01.0
9.03
01.1
1.03
01.0
1.04
01.0
3.04
01.0
5.04
01.0
7.04
01.0
9.04
01.1
1.04
01.0
1.05
01.0
3.05
01.0
5.05
01.0
7.05
01.0
9.05
01.1
1.05
01.0
1.06
01.0
3.06
01.0
5.06
01.0
7.06
Testing Date
NO
3 -
mg
/l
NO3
Piezometer P8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
01.0
9.03
01.1
1.03
01.0
1.04
01.0
3.04
01.0
5.04
01.0
7.04
01.0
9.04
01.1
1.04
01.0
1.05
01.0
3.05
01.0
5.05
01.0
7.05
01.0
9.05
01.1
1.05
01.0
1.06
01.0
3.06
01.0
5.06
01.0
7.06
Testing Date
NO
3 -
mg
/l
NO3
Drinking water quality
Water Well C18
0.000
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
24.1
1.03
24.0
1.04
24.0
3.04
24.0
5.04
24.0
7.04
24.0
9.04
24.1
1.04
24.0
1.05
24.0
3.05
24.0
5.05
24.0
7.05
24.0
9.05
24.1
1.05
24.0
1.06
24.0
3.06
Testing Date
NO
3 -
mg
/l
NO3
Why use the indirect measurement methods?
• Are based on extensive scientific research.
• Allow assessment of total results of a variety of diverse interventions.
• Are cheap and offer good accuracy.
• Allow for quantitative estimate in terms of nutrient pollution reduction using the survey results.
• Allow for forecasting of results of new projects implementing the same nutrient pollution control interventions.
Before Project (Year 2000)
Total manure (tons):
Of which:
Use Comments% tons
80,184
2 1,604As fertilizers in the back yard vegetable garden
Good practice, reduced looses
98 78,850Mixed with household waste and dumped in unauthorized places
The entire quantity of nutrients is lost
Nutrients (kg/t)
N P K
6 3.5 8
Nutrients in fresh manure
Year 2006 (Project year 5)
Total manure (tons):
Of which:
Use Comments% tons
80,184
5 4,009As fertilizers in the back yard vegetable garden
Good practice, reduced looses
29 22,950Manure applied as fertilizer on agricultural lands
Good practice. Only the nutrients that are not available to plants are lost
66 53,225
Still unmanaged manure, source of pollution, due to the inappropriate behavior of some farmers
The entire quantity of nutrients is lost
According the monitoring surveys and the communes’ reports, the use of the manure during the year 2006 was as follows:
Reduction of nutrients discharge into the waters in the year 2006, due to manure management interventions at commune and household levels:
N (t/year) P (t/year) K (t/year)
Nutrients subject to leaching WITHOUT PROJECT (t/year)
473.41 276.15 631.21
Nutrients subject to leaching PY5 - 2006 (t/year)
389.57 194.83 489.59
Reduction of nutrients discharge into the ground and surface waters in year 2006 (t/year)
83.84 81.32 141.62
Total reduction of the nutrients discharge into the waters in the Project area, in the year 2006, as result of appropriate Manure Management and use of the
Code of Good Agricultural Practices:
Reduction of nutrients discharge into the ground and surface waters in year
2006 (t/year)
From manure and factory made fertilizers used into the Project area
N (t) P (t) K (t)
128.6 110.8 141.7
Effectiveness of investmentDemonstrations measured in terms of actual stress reduction (N reduction) achieved at the project site(s)
Estimate of impact achievable through country-wide application of new approach (to all NVZs)
Extrapolation to the entire watershed
Measurable during project lifetime
Due to lag time of response, changes in environmental status in the target water-body will only be detected well beyond project completion
Stress reduction Environmental status
Source: Andrea Merla – GEF Secretariat
N (tons)
P (tons)
K (tons)
Present situation:Total nutrients looses into the aquatic system (tones/year)
15,350 8,950 20,460
After Project implementation (year 2013):Total nutrients looses into the aquatic system (tones/year)
11,010 5,255 15,585
Forecasted reduction of nutrients looses into the aquatic system (tones/year) 4,340 3,695 4,875
Estimation of the impact achievable through application of manure management and use of the Code of Good Agricultural Practices to all NVZs
Lessons learned that could be transferred to help other GPA – Partnership in order to achieve similar results
The Recipe of a Smooth and Successful Implementation
- Strong support of the central coordinating authority and the World Bank counterparts;
- Permanent contacts and substantial involvement of the local authorities
- Total commitment of the Project beneficiaries
- Timely and appropriate guidance from the National and Local Coordination Committees
- GEF, GOR and Local funds available on timely basis
- A knowledgeable and dedicated Project Implementation Team.
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
Project Management Unit “Agricultural Pollution Control”
Tel: +40.741.242.002; E-mail: [email protected]; www.apcp.ro